Presowing treatment of seeds. Seedling seed treatment before sowing How seeds are treated before planting

Gardeners, especially beginners, often wonder if they need to be processed. The question is fair in light of the huge amount of information on this topic. The vegetable grower is lost and begins to "mock" the seed without thinking about whether it is necessary.

Everyone wants to grow up strong and healthy. To do this is not so difficult. The main thing is to understand all the methods of seed preparation and determine their feasibility objectively, and not according to the principle "the more procedures, the better." So nothing will grow, and the seeds will have nothing to do with it. Let's figure it out.

It is customary to process tomato seed before planting. But these events are not always really necessary and useful. If the seeds are old or bought from a dubious place, they need to be prepared. Planting material collected by oneself, in some cases, also needs to be processed. However, when purchasing seeds in a specialized store from well-known manufacturers, they do not need to be processed. They are already prepared, all disinfection procedures are carried out by the manufacturer himself.

More often, gardeners have seeds in excellent condition and are able to give friendly shoots without any preparation. Keep this in mind and listen to all sorts of advice with caution.

Disinfection should only be done if:

• Tomatoes were affected by fungal diseases during the growing season
• Seeds purchased from a dubious producer, without any instructions on the processing package
• The seeds were taken from someone, you don’t know what condition the plants were in during the growing season

If the tomatoes grew healthy, bought the seeds and are confident in the manufacturer, it is not recommended to subject the seeds to seed treatment. You need to awaken the seeds only if they are old, the expiration date has expired, but the variety is good and you want to grow it.

As you can see, the preparation of tomato seeds is needed in rare cases. If you “process” healthy seeds, you can achieve the opposite result - they will sprout poorly and late, or die altogether. Be attentive and careful.

Seed preparation

Types of processing

Before you start preparing the seeds, understand its types. What are they for, how do they work and in what cases are they appropriate. Producers of seed material of agricultural crops resort to processing, which is divided into three types:

• disinfection;
• seed awakening;
• boosting immunity.

These methods are applied in different ways depending on the culture, its characteristics, and not to all plants in a row. This must be kept in mind when a gardener wants to do something with tomato seeds. Always ask yourself if it will help.

Let's take a look at each type of processing and highlight those that can be useful for preparing tomato seeds.

Disinfection

Disinfection seed involves the treatment with a chemical preparation in order to destroy pathogenic fungal spores on the surface and inside the seed. At home, a weak solution of "potassium permanganate" is used for these purposes. Only those seeds that are collected from diseased plants or those that grew next to affected crops are subjected to the procedure. In other cases, treatment with a chemical preparation is impractical.

Healthy seeds should not be soaked in a disinfectant solution. This will lead to the destruction of the normal microflora in the seeds, the seedlings will be poor, and the immunity of the tomato will fall.

seed awakening

planting seeds

This procedure is recommended to be carried out selectively. It will be useful only in case of an attempt to “wake up” old seeds of a valuable variety. Tomato seeds germinate perfectly and without soaking them in special solutions. Have you noticed that with or without treatment, seedlings germinate in standard 4-5 days? Is it worth it in this case to “torment” the seeds if they sprout after a time interval laid down by nature? Decide for yourself.

Agronomists do not advise getting involved in "awakening" in relation to tomato seeds. This procedure is recommended only when working with old seeds.

Immunity Boost

This procedure is carried out selectively. Planting material collected from weak plants is hardened or immersed in growth stimulants for a certain period of time. Fresh and healthy seeds do not need a procedure.

Having dealt with what is needed for tomatoes and what is not, you can begin to prepare the seeds. To do this, you should choose the appropriate method and determine its feasibility.

Processing methods

Of the many methods for seed treatment, it is worth listening to only the most proven, effective and useful. Everything needs a measure - you should not first “fry” the seeds in the oven, then freeze them later, then immerse them in exotic solutions and wait for the seedlings to sprout after that.

healthy seed tomato

Healthy seeds are immediately visible. They should not be touched at all, even soaked. They will sprout beautifully and give a bountiful harvest, if you follow the basic rules of care and cultivation.

Etching with potassium permanganate

This is the easiest and most affordable way to disinfect tomato seeds. The procedure is needed for “sick” seeds from parents affected by fungal diseases or seed purchased from a dubious manufacturer.

Seeds are soaked for 15 minutes in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. The ratio is 1 g per 100 ml of water.

Do not immerse the seeds in the solution for more than 20 minutes. After the dressing procedure, the seeds must be washed and dried. It is the most reliable and effective method disinfection of tomato seeds. Nothing more needs to be done.

It is not recommended to process the seeds “just in case”, since the plant’s immune system will fall under the influence of a chemical preparation - this will only bring harm, not good.

Calcination

This is another way to disinfect seeds. However, you have to be very careful with it. The heating temperature should not exceed 40°. It is very difficult to achieve uniform heating. Therefore, agronomists advise resorting to the "potassium permanganate" method - it is reliable and safe. Many believe that putting the seeds on the radiator, you can achieve a good result. But, unfortunately, this is not the case. This method will only gradually dry the seeds, and not disinfect.

Ignition is recommended for seed of the Cucurbitaceae family. Tomatoes are not included. You should be especially careful when calcining and then cooling. Very often, such preparation for tomato seeds is deplorable.

It is not recommended to carry out the calcination procedure at home. Tomato seeds purchased from a specialized store have already passed the disinfection stage. Do not process them.

Stratification

All gardeners are used to this term and mean by it the cooling of seeds in the refrigerator for a certain amount of time. However, stratification is supposed to be a long-term, deep cooling of planting material for a period of up to 3 months. It is not recommended to subject tomato seeds to this procedure.

For a tomato, a subspecies of stratification is used - cooling the seeds for a short time, 3-5 days at a temperature of 3 °. The procedure is carried out for those plants that are sown in early spring.

Cooling is carried out to awaken the seeds. That is, it is more expedient to carry out this procedure with old seeds, and not with healthy ones. To do this, the tomato seed is immersed in wet gauze and placed in the refrigerator, in the vegetable section. The gauze should not dry out, keep an eye on it. After 3-5 days, the seeds are removed. That's it, you don't need to do anything else with them.

Soak

Gardeners are so accustomed to this procedure that they don’t even think about whether it is needed at all in relation to tomatoes. Soaking the seeds in gauze soaked in warm water is necessary. So they hatch faster and go to growth. The main thing is not to guard the sprouts. That is, you should not wait for the moment when they begin to intertwine with each other.

The temperature of the water in which the material is soaked should be 20°-25°. It takes about 3-5 days to swell and peck. Keep this in mind and plan to plant seeds around these dates.

Soaking tomato seed is a standard procedure, but you need to keep in mind the type of seed.

ripe tomatoes

Some growers treat seeds with chemicals. When soaking, the sprouts will inevitably fall into the medium of this preparation. So they can just die. Therefore, it is better to soak seeds collected with your own hands or purchased without any processing from the manufacturer.

Treatment with growth stimulants

To do this, use drugs such as "Seedling" or "Epin". Immerse the seeds for 30-60 minutes in a solution diluted according to the instructions for the preparation. This procedure is necessary if the seeds are old, no longer suitable. Stimulants will wake them up and help increase immunity.

bubbling

This procedure at home is rarely used. However, it is effective in awakening the immunity of seeds. The method is reduced to soaking the seeds in water enriched with oxygen. How to do it? This will require an aquarium compressor. In such water, old seeds or those that are unlikely to sprout are “reanimated”. The method is also good because you do not have to resort to chemicals.

Bubbling is usually applied to very valuable, rare varieties of tomatoes that are no longer available for sale, and the expiration dates of the seeds have long passed.

Canopy processing chemicals it's really stressful for them, so quality seeds can be spared.

But, since fungal diseases can still develop and spoil the seedlings, we recommend watering the seeds with a solution of manganese after planting in the ground. Re-processing should be carried out when picking.

As for seed germination, this is not a mandatory procedure, but it has several advantages. First of all, this will accelerate the development of tomatoes, since the environment for the emergence of sprouts in warmth and moisture is optimal and it will be easier for them to germinate through the soil.

In addition, it will be possible to immediately reject planting material which will not sprout. This is especially true if you need to grow a certain number of bushes and make it is in pots or glasses.

Is it necessary - "debriefing"

Tomatoes on a bush

In order to properly process tomato seeds, you need to choose one or two methods. It's enough. Do not forget that it is not always necessary to prepare the seeds, only if necessary.

Non-traditional ways

Apart from traditional methods processing, there are many non-traditional. Every gardener shares unusual methods. Some soak the seeds in herbal mixtures of garlic or aloe. Someone prepares other drugs from different herbs. No one argues about the benefits and effectiveness of methods. Agronomists claim that such solutions are safe, but also ineffective. They basically do nothing.

If you want to experiment with unusual processing methods, select a separate group of seeds for this purpose - experimental. The rest, plant in the standard way. So there will be no risk of being left without seedlings. This is the only way to calculate the preparation method that is suitable for a particular variety, climate and growing conditions.

"Calibration"

Many gardeners also use unusual way seed calibration. The seed material is immersed in a saline solution and those seeds that have surfaced are selected for disposal. Scientists-agronomists only chuckle. Why? The fact is that seeds float not because they are not similar, but simply because of heterogeneous fulfillment. They have the same germination as those that "drowned". Reading about the next way to prepare seeds, look for a rational grain. The laws of nature have not yet been canceled.

Ash solution

Someone wants to get the result of soaking the seeds in an ash solution. For what? For disinfection.

But will it give the same result as seen from "potassium permanganate"? Unknown. However, many complain about the poor germination of seedlings after treatment with such a solution. It may be more expedient to simply add ash to the soil, and still process the seeds in the traditional way. It's up to the gardener.

Quality landing material

Much more important in growing seedlings is the application of fertilizers to the soil, watering it, rather than preparing seeds. Experienced gardeners already know that the standard soaking of tomato seeds in cheesecloth dipped in warm water before planting is all that needs to be done. They don't do anything else. Agronomists recommend sowing healthy seeds dry, without any treatments.

Why seeds may not germinate

Gardeners often sin on low-quality seed due to poor germination or its absence. Many argue that this happens if the seeds are not treated before sowing.

Agronomists, on the other hand, give a whole list of reasons for non-germination, where seeds are in last place. Frequent causes:

• fungus that has settled in the soil with seedlings
• heavy ground
• strong deepening of seeds when planting
• cold room with air temperature below the required
• increased acidity of the soil
• dampness
• infected seeds

It is worth paying attention not only to the processing of seeds, but also to the composition of the soil, air temperature, and agricultural technology during planting. Compliance with the basic rules of planting and soil selection contributes to the friendly emergence of seedlings, even without pre-training seeds. Of course, if the planting material was collected from a bush affected by the fungus, it must be soaked in a solution of "potassium permanganate". It's enough.

Another reason for non-germination of seed can be over-treatment. Soaking seeds in several solutions, heating and hardening - all these procedures the seeds may not be able to endure.

Seed material can be subjected to one or two procedures, no more. Keep this in mind and do not overdo it with the "ennoblement" of the seeds.

To protect plants from infection with a fungus, it is more correct to ignite the soil in which they will be sown. To do this, you can hold the baking sheet with the ground in the oven for several minutes at maximum temperature.

So that the soil is not too heavy, you need to use a mixture of soddy soil, peat and humus. Sometimes sawdust is added. After the mixture is ready, you need to rub a few breasts between your fingers. If the earth resembles plasticine, then it is not suitable for planting plants.

To deepen tomatoes is about 1 cm when planting. In addition, the distance of 1-1.5 cm from one seed to another is also important. Often, thickened plantings provoke poor germination or the development of a fungus.

A cold room can not only affect germination, but also worsen the immunity of those plants that still manage to grow. In the future, they may get sick and give a poor harvest. It is necessary not only to set the temperature to 20-25 degrees, but also to cover the container with the germinating seedlings with a film, so that provide humidity, and approximate conditions To greenhouse.

Dampness is usually terrible only in combination with low temperatures. High level humidity will only benefit greenhouse crops.

As for the infected planting material, we do not recommend, in principle, to collect seeds from tomatoes so that they grow on a bush affected by the disease. Any

Every year is the same: you diligently dig the beds, plant the seeds with love, carefully water the emerging sprouts every day, destroy the weeds from the beds with a frenzy, but there are no results? It's time to change the situation. We know how to make sure that your work is adequately rewarded.

So, buy seeds, check their old stocks, prepare fertilizer for planting. And now, when everything you need has been acquired, I will tell you how and how to process seeds, soil, plants before planting. You will learn how to care for seedlings from the moment you buy them until you plant them in open ground. Well, in the future, they will in return delight you with useful and tasty fruits.

The soil

Do you plan to grow seedlings in the house, and only then plant the sprouts in the "mainland"? First of all, prepare the soil for sowing. For this you can:

Treat the earth with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Practice shows that such an action is not particularly productive. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent, but it acts only on the surface of the soil, without penetrating deep into, without changing the pathogenic microflora of the earth as a whole. This means that the soil is disinfected, but only superficially.

There are more efficient processing methods.

Steam the soil in the microwave. The easiest and most reliable way. If you do not have a microwave, the soil can be steamed using improvised means.

Treat the soil with biopreparations Fitosporin or Gliocladin. The method is effective, but not always reliable. In the spring, when tillage is needed more than ever, preparations usually deteriorate after a possible winter frost. If you decide to use this method of cleaning the soil, ask the sellers how the biological products were stored, pay attention to their expiration date.

seeds

Well, now let's learn directly about how to process seeds. Do you usually do seed disinfection? It is good if such seeds give you, after a while, healthy fruits, their abundance.

But, firstly, we are not always lucky with seeds.

Secondly, at least once, but every gardener learned by example that healthy seeds are needed for a decent harvest.

So, some seeds on their surface carry spores of pathogenic microflora. That is why it is so important to decontaminate them before planting. What to do for this?

This is where it is worth remembering the solution of potassium permanganate. With it, you will remove all harmful microbes and spores, nourish the seeds with manganese and potassium.

If potassium permanganate is not on hand, use hydrogen peroxide. This processing method is even more efficient.

Fitosporin and Gliocladin (do not forget to check the expiration dates of biological products) can be used to treat seeds of peppers, tomatoes, ornamental plants that do not require stratification.

Disinfect the seeds of rare or expensive plants with Vitaros. Such treatment will be the most complete: the drug destroys fungal infections, even those that have penetrated the seed. The protective actions of Vitaros are valid for up to three months.

To grow better

The gardener will also be helped by preparations that stimulate the germination of seeds. Succinic acid and Epin cope best with the task. In the absence of these, use Zircon or Novosil.

If the seeds have a dense shell, scarify them mechanically or thermally.

As soon as shoots appear

Well, did the first sprouts hatch through the thickness of the earth? It would seem that there should be no further worries. But, to ensure complete protection of the sprouts, treat them with drugs such as Fitoverm or Actellik (in severe cases). Proved that folk ways do not protect seedlings from pests so well, so it is better to protect young seedlings with proven "medicines".

If you notice signs of disease in the crops, do not hesitate, grandmother's recipes are unlikely to help here. Spray the soil and seedlings from a spray bottle with Vitaros or Maxim preparations (the instructions for them describe how to dilute the mixture).

To grow properly

It is not always possible to maintain in an apartment the necessary conditions for the growth of seedlings, and this:

Temperature environment 15-18 degrees;

Good lighting.

If the conditions are not met, the sprouts are drawn out and thinned. Growth inhibitors, for example, Athlete, will help to cope with the problem. If everything is fine with the seedlings, but you want to strengthen their root system, take a closer look at the Ribav-Extra gardener's assistant.

In open swimming

And, of course, you need to be able to properly plant seedlings in open ground. To increase the chances of sprouts taking root in a new place, treat them with Zircon or micronutrient fertilizers. All recommendations for the use of drugs can be found on their packaging.

You should not immediately purchase all of the listed drugs at once. But now, if something happens to the young sprouts, you will know what to do.

Against dry rot, downy mildew, vascular bacteriosis, the seeds are heated for 20 minutes in water at a temperature of 50 degrees. It is convenient to do this in a thermos.

Soaking seeds in aloe

Aloe juice does an excellent job of killing bacteria and fungi. Cut off a leaf with aloe, put in the refrigerator for 2 days at a temperature of 2 degrees. After that, squeeze the juice and keep the seeds in it for a day. Then they are not washed, slightly dried and sown on seedlings or immediately in open ground.

In drinking soda

Ordinary soda is also useful for soaking: 10 grams per 1 liter of water. Leave the seeds in the soda solution for 12-24 hours.

In heteroauxin

This is already a classic way to stimulate growth. Dosage: 25 mg per liter of water. Leave for 12 hours, then dry slightly and can be sown.

in ash solution

For 1 liter of water, 2 tablespoons of ash. The solution is insisted for a day, stirred occasionally. The light part is drained and a bag of gauze with seeds is placed in this liquid for 3-5 hours.

In succinic acid

A good stimulating effect is given by seed treatment before planting in solution. succinic acid: 15 ml per 1 liter of water. Processing time is 18-24 hours.

In potassium permanganate

Seeds of cucumbers and tomatoes are disinfected for 20 minutes in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. Immediately after such treatment, they must be washed with clean water and only after that they can be sown. We advise you to read how to process strawberries ammonia from diseases and pests.

In hydrogen peroxide

In a 2-3% hydrogen peroxide solution, the seeds are disinfected for 30 minutes, after which they are washed and planted in the ground.

in mustard

Mustard solution also destroys pathogenic microbes. For 100 ml of water, add mustard powder at the tip of a knife. In the resulting solution, the seeds are disinfected for 6 hours. Then they also need to be dried without washing. Advice to read why.

Dry heating

A good result is the heating of seeds of cucumbers, peas, pumpkins in a fruit dryer at a temperature of 40-600. They are scattered in a thin layer and heated for 5 hours. Some crops have such small seeds that sowing them becomes a real test for the nerves.

Sowing small seeds with gelatin

• Pour a bag of gelatin into a glass of well-warmed water.
• Stir until gelatin is completely dissolved.
• Add seeds and continue stirring.
• Draw liquid into a large syringe without a needle or into a watering can, shake again and “sow” in a thin stream into the hole.

Gardeners argue about how to prepare seeds for planting, but they all agree that these procedures are necessary and are the basis for a future rich harvest. Pre-sowing preparation of tomato seeds will help grow strong and healthy seedlings and protect them from many diseases.

Instruction

• It has been proven that the larger and heavier the seed, the stronger the plant will be, so you need to select the most best seeds. To do this, dip them in a solution of ordinary table salt (30 g per 1 liter of water). Mix the mass and hold the seeds in the solution for 5-10 minutes, no more. During this time, empty seeds that are not able to sprout will float. Collect them and throw them away, and rinse the rest in running water, and then dry them on a piece of paper.
• To help cure tomato seeds from a fungal infection, if any, and prevent its appearance on the plant in the future, dressing can. However, keep in mind that this procedure should not be carried out with tomato seeds that have already undergone the necessary pre-sowing preparation (this information is usually indicated on the bag of seeds). The easiest way to disinfect planting material is soaking in a solution of potassium permanganate.
• To do this, make a solution at the rate of 1 g per 1000 ml of water. Put the tomato seeds in the pink solution and soak them in it for about 15 minutes. You should not keep them in solution for longer, as this can destroy all the beneficial microflora. After that, immediately rinse the seeds with running water and dry.
• Tomato seeds need stratification. This technique will help to harden them, plants will be able to tolerate temperature drops. Rinse disinfected seeds hot water, then immediately cool them by placing them in a cool place with a temperature of 1-2 degrees above zero. Leave them for two days, at this time periodically moisten with water so that they do not dry out. After that, lay out the planting material on a sheet of paper and dry it.
• Soaking (germination) will help bring seeds out of dormancy. This is a very effective way to treat tomato seeds and will help speed up germination. Moisten a cotton cloth and place tomato seeds on it. Cover them on top and soak again. Put in a warm place and periodically make sure that the material does not dry out.
• Seeds can also be germinated in a nutrient solution. This can be a solution of sodium humate (a quarter of a teaspoon per 1 liter of water) or Ideal fertilizer (the solution must be made at the rate of 1 tablespoon of the drug per 1 liter of water). But the best natural fertilizer is wood ash. Mix 1 tablespoon of ash and 1 liter of water. Put the seeds in gauze bags, lower them into the nutrient solution and hold them in it for a day. Then put them in clean water and hold until they hatch.

Rules for preparing tomato seeds for sowing seedlings

For most experienced gardeners and gardeners, preparing and planting tomato seeds for seedlings is a real ritual. It implies the presence of many stages and serious preparatory activities. How to properly prepare and process tomato seeds before sowing?

Cooking seeds

Many mistakenly believe that the preparation of tomato seeds is a mundane and not very important process. However, this is far from the case, since many pathogens of not only fungi, but also other unpleasant infectious diseases that can affect seedlings can survive the winter on tomato seeds. Preparation of seeds for sowing includes such stages as soaking, bubbling, hardening, top dressing, heating, disinfection, dressing.

It all starts with a small seed of a tomato, from which a seedling will soon appear, which will become a strong plant. You should not rush to get boxes for planting seeds, as preparatory activities will take about three days. First of all, before sowing seedlings, it is necessary to sort out planting material - both purchased and homemade. It is necessary to select only those seeds that will be large and will have a symmetrical shape.
How to properly prepare the seeds for the upcoming planting for seedlings? Potassium permanganate is suitable for the implementation of what was planned at the second stage of preparation. Each gardener prepares her solution in different ways, it takes about 15 minutes to keep the seeds in a solution that has the color of ripe cherries, and in no case more, therefore, inadvertent overexposure of seeds may reduce germination properties. Seeds should be placed in a cloth bag. After they stay in a solution of potassium permanganate, do not forget to rinse them with water. This method has proven itself well - before sowing, the seeds must be dipped in a saline solution. After such treatment, strong viable plants will emerge from them in the future.

To feed the seeds for future seedlings, they should be fed with a solution of wood ash at the rate of a tablespoon of the product per liter of water.

For those gardeners who do not have an oven for making ash, specialized stores offer Ideal liquid fertilizer or sodium humate powder. Selected seeds in bags are kept in solution for about 12 hours, after which they are washed with water and left for another day in a warm place. Do not forget about hardening so that your seeds are not afraid of any frosts in the future. To do this, they are transferred to the canopy, underground or refrigerator, where the temperature should be about one to two degrees Celsius. They are left there for two days, after which the bags should be sprayed with water and immediately proceed to planting in the ground.

Treatment

Today, there are several ways to process tomato seeds. Some gardeners use more than one solution to treat tomato seeds at the same time, which causes irreparable harm to seedlings. It should be borne in mind that tomatoes are very demanding on the presence of heat, and their first timid sprouts can appear on the surface as early as a week after planting.

Large companies that sell seeds carry out the so-called calibration. They reject many unnaturally colored seeds, leaving only those with the correct shape and color. For calibration, a 5% solution is used, made from 3 g of table salt per 100 ml of water. In such a solution, it is possible to soak fresh seeds that are stored for no more than one or two years. In order to treat the seeds well, you can use special purchased bacterial preparations that help fight infections. On an industrial scale, heat treatment is used quite successfully. For its implementation, tomato seeds must be heated at a temperature of about 40 degrees, the duration of such a procedure is three days. Though withstand the exact temperature regime at home and not easy, but still, many gardeners try to warm the seeds in the oven or on incandescent lamps.

Preparing tomatoes for sowing also involves a simple soaking for one or two days in a container, on the bottom of which you need to put gauze or cloth and wait until the seed swells. Water should be poured in such a way that it touches the seeds, but cannot completely hide them. You can treat the seeds before planting with a special solution of stimulants and fertilizers. This process is usually carried out at a temperature of more than 20 degrees.

One of the main methods of processing tomato seeds are bubbling and hardening. The first method involves the enrichment of seeds with oxygen and is able to increase the energy of old tomato seeds. At the same time, they are placed in a bag of gauze, after which they are lowered into a jar of water. The air is supplied by a special compressor for the aquarium. Such processing should take about a day. In order to increase the resistance of future plants to cold weather, a hardening method is used. Seeds should be wrapped in a piece of damp cloth, then placed in a saucer and refrigerated for several days. After they are taken out, they should be sown without prior drying. Thanks to hardening, good quality seedlings appear.

How to wake up the seeds

For awakening, it is recommended to soak in melt water. You can get it by freezing it in the refrigerator or collecting snow in a container to drain the melted water. Together with it, you can get rid of all bad impurities, as well as dirt and salts. It retains its properties for about two days, and it is advised to soak the planting material for approximately 18 hours. After that, for about an hour, it is still necessary to place it in a solution of a special disinfecting preparation. A solution of stimulants, which can be bought today in a specialized store, is also perfect. Immunocytofit and Zircon preparations have proven themselves well. At home, it is quite acceptable to use aloe juice for processing.
To do this, the leaves are pre-cut and placed in the freezer for five days. It is impossible to violate the order of awakening - first melt water, then disinfection, after which treatment with bioactive agents at temperatures of about 20 degrees. If it is lower, then we can talk about the lower efficiency of this method.

After sowing, boxes with future seedlings must be placed in a warm place. When the first shoots appear, the film is removed from the seedlings and watering begins - when the plants grow a few centimeters. Abundant watering is possible only after the appearance of several full-fledged leaves. After that, the plants are seated in separate pots and removed for a couple of days from a sunny place. An important point after the appearance of the third sheet in a row, top dressing is.
At the same time, the roots increase, an inflorescence begins to form. As a rule, when growing seedlings, two top dressings are made at once. The first top dressing is necessary one and a half weeks after the picking process. It is made with a solution that includes 15 g of potassium sulfate, 35 g of superphosphate, 5 g of urea per 10 liters of water. The second top dressing should be carried out after a couple of weeks. Before doing this, combine such components - 10 g of urea, 20 g of potassium sulfate and about 60 g of superphosphate. To feed seedlings in special stores today, complex fertilizers are also offered, containing all necessary for plants trace elements.

The recording shows how to properly prepare and process tomato seeds before sowing.

Let's talk about what seed treatment is before planting.

Is seed treatment necessary before planting?

And do all seeds need to be processed?

1. Hybrid seeds

Let's answer the second question right away. Hybrid Seeds(F1) before hitting the store shelves, they are completely processed with various preparations against pests and plant diseases. Such seeds are completely prepared for sowing, so hybrid seeds are sown dry or, if desired, treated with growth stimulants (described below).

2. Varietal seeds

Well, now about varietal seeds, especially collected in the garden on their own. They must be processed, because. many fungal (root and white rot, fusarium wilt) and severe viral diseases of plants are transmitted with seeds. Flower seeds are no exception, they also need to be processed before sowing.

3. Seed treatment

A significant effect in the fight against various viral diseases is given by keeping the seeds in a weak solution of IMMUNOCYTOFIT ("weak solution" - 1 tablet per 100 ml of water). The residence time in the solution is from 3 to 12 hours.

The treatment of seeds in a solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) has also proven itself well. In this case, the seeds are first heated in a thermos for 2 hours at a water temperature of 45-50 ° C (when the hands endure). After warming up, the bag with seeds is treated with a weak solution of manganese for half an hour.

In order for the seed to wake up and start growing quickly, homemade and purchased varietal seeds need to be soaked in warm water or in any of the growth stimulants:

• - familiar to all WOOD ASH (1 teaspoon per 100 ml of water) for a day.
• - EPIN preparation (2 drops per 100 ml of water) 18 hours.
• - liquid peat POTASSIUM HUMATE (20-25 drops per 100 ml of water) for 12 hours.
• - fertilizer SIGNOR TOMATO or NEW IDEAL (20g per 1 liter of water) for 30 minutes.

A good old way to speed up germination, proven by our grandmothers, is soaking seeds in Aloe juice, usually for a day. After they are dried, scattering the seeds on a sheet of paper.

4. Encrusted seeds

Please pay attention to the colored seeds (red, green, blue) - they are called " inlaid". Because they are treated with polymers that form a reliable protective shell that stimulates the germination of seeds and protects them from harmful effects.

Encrusted seeds should not be soaked and generally subjected to any processing! This is exactly the case when you do not need to do anything!

They are simply sown dry in moist, prepared soil. u!

5. Dried seeds

I have not yet told about the coated seeds, which are covered with a peat-mineral mixture. It creates a nutritious, protective shell, increases the size of the seed and gives it a rounded shape. Coated seeds are more economical to use, as the consumption of seeds during sowing is reduced, they need to be thinned out less.

Dragee seeds are also sown dry!

Preparing pepper seeds for sowing

While preparing for the new sowing season, each summer resident thinks over what crops he will plant in the garden this year. Traditionally, this list includes tomatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, eggplant, potatoes, carrots, beets, radishes, cabbage, greens ... and of course peppers. Every summer resident dreams of growing juicy Bell pepper, someone wants to be pampered and spicy. Unfortunately, peppers from seeds do not always grow as beautiful and healthy as we would like. There can be many reasons for this, we will consider them a little later. And now let's talk about the selection and preparation of pepper seeds for sowing. Proper preparation pepper seeds for planting is an important stage in the process of growing a strong healthy plant, which in the future will please its owner with a good harvest.

First of all, we note that pepper seeds - both sweet and hot - quickly become unusable and lose their germination capacity, so they should not be bought in reserve.

When buying pepper seeds, preference should be given to well-known manufacturers check the expiration date of seeds.

Expensive pepper seeds, before they go on sale, are prepared, can be treated with various antifungal agents, growth stimulants, microelements, which is indicated on their packaging. Treated seeds are usually brightly colored. Such seeds are completely ready for sowing, but they are more expensive than untreated seeds.

Untreated pepper seeds, whether purchased or harvested with your own hands, need to be prepared before sowing, as they can be infected with bacteria and spores of pathogenic fungi. As a result, peppers from seeds can grow sick and not produce the desired crop.

In this article, we will consider the main stages of preparing pepper seeds for sowing and several schemes for pre-sowing preparation.

Checking seeds for germination

Before you start preparing pepper seeds for sowing, they are checked for germination. To do this, 2 - 3 weeks before the expected sowing date, 3 - 5 pieces of pepper seeds are taken, wrapped in a cloth bag and immersed in warm water at a temperature of about 25 ° C for a day. After that, they take it out and put it right in the bags on a plate, put it in a warm place. Make sure the bags are kept moist at all times. After 3-4 days, pepper seeds are planted in warm, moist soil and waiting for seedlings.

Seed calibration. We carry out the selection of pepper seeds for sowing

Preparing pepper seeds for sowing begins with careful seed selection. Purchased or harvested pepper seeds are laid out on paper and seeds that are too small or too large are rejected. Preference is given to seeds of medium size. In this case, the most important thing is to select filled seeds from hollow ones.

Calibration of pepper seeds in saline is denied by many gardeners, because they argue that, along with pacifiers, simply overdried seeds can float up. However, just in case, let's consider how this can be done. Dissolve 30-40 g of common salt in 1 liter of water, mix well and dip pepper seeds into the resulting solution.

In salt water, seed separation will begin to occur. The good pepper seeds will sink to the bottom, the bad ones will float to the top. After about seven minutes, we collect the seeds that are on the surface of the water and throw them away. We wash the pepper seeds remaining at the bottom with fresh water, lay them out on paper and dry them. It is necessary to make the separation of seeds immediately before sowing pepper.

Disinfection or dressing of pepper seeds before planting

As mentioned above, the preparation of pepper seeds for sowing should include processing disinfectant to disinfect the seeds and prevent possible infection of the plant. For disinfection of seeds at home, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) is most often used. To do this, prepare a 1-2% solution of potassium permanganate and immerse pepper seeds wrapped in gauze for 20-25 minutes. After disinfection, pepper seeds are thoroughly washed with clean water and dried.

To disinfect pepper seeds at home, you can also use an aqueous solution of phytosporin, prepared at the rate of 4 drops of a liquid preparation per glass of water. Phytosporin is a biological product based on the natural culture of Bacillus subtilis, effective against a large number of fungal and bacterial diseases. According to the manufacturers, for beneficial insects, animals and humans, phytosporin is practically safe.

Pepper from seeds that have undergone such preparation for sowing grows healthier. Disinfection of seeds is necessary before planting pepper. Treated seeds should not be stored for more than 24 hours, as they may impair their sowing qualities.

Treatment of pepper seeds with microelements

Preparing pepper seeds for planting may include a stage such as micronutrient treatment. Treatment of seeds with microelements increases the germination of pepper. It is believed that peppers from seeds treated with micronutrients have greater disease resistance and resistance to adverse weather conditions in the initial phases of growth, as a result of which the pepper grows stronger and healthier, ripens faster and gives an increased yield. This stage of preparation of pepper seeds should be carried out one to two days before sowing.

The most affordable and absolutely free source of trace elements is ash. Wood ash contains about 30 nutrients. To prepare a nutrient solution, you need to take 20 g of wood ash and dissolve in 1 liter of water. The resulting solution must be stirred periodically. We insist ash in water for about a day. After that, we wrap the pepper seeds in a gauze bag and soak for 5 hours in the resulting solution. Then we take it out, rinse it with clean water and dry it.

Purchased mixtures of trace elements can also be used to process pepper seeds. In this case, seed treatment should be carried out in accordance with the instructions attached to the preparation.

Treatment of pepper seeds with a growth stimulator

Preparation of pepper seeds for sowing must necessarily include treatment with a growth stimulator. An infusion of a tablespoon of nettle, cooked in a glass of boiling water, is recognized as an excellent growth stimulant for pepper seeds. Also, pepper seeds are soaked in growth stimulants such as Epin-Extra, Zircon, etc. according to the instructions. Treatment of seeds with a growth stimulator increases the likelihood of germination and accelerates the germination process.

Soaking pepper seeds before sowing

To speed up the germination of seeds, they are soaked before sowing. Such preparation of pepper seeds before planting helps to soften the shell and accelerate the germination process. Pepper seeds are soaked on foam rubber or a damp cloth, laying them on one end of the napkin and covering with the other. Periodically control the moisture content of the fabric, if necessary - moisten. After the pepper seeds swell, they are planted in the soil or germinated and only then transferred to the ground.

Sprouting pepper seeds

Sprouting pepper seeds can significantly speed up the emergence of seedlings. From sprouted seeds, pepper grows faster. Seeds are soaked in the manner described above until they germinate. The air temperature should be 25-280C. It is necessary to constantly control the humidity of the substrate, otherwise the seeds may deteriorate. When the seeds have sprouts, they are planted in moist soil. Keep in mind they will die in dry soil. Seeds that are delayed in development are discarded.

Bubbling Pepper Seeds

Instead of such stages of preparing pepper seeds for sowing as soaking and germination, bubbling can be used. Bubbling is the treatment of seeds with oxygen, as a result of which harmful microflora is washed off the surface of the seeds and the activity of enzymes is stimulated. Bubbling can be combined with seed treatment with microelements. This stage of preparation of pepper seeds for sowing is carried out as follows.

A deep container for 2/3 of the volume is filled with water or a solution of trace elements room temperature(20-22°C). The seeds are covered and the tip of the aquarium compressor is lowered to the bottom of the tank. Pepper seeds should be bubbling for 24-36 hours, after which they should be taken out and dried.

Hardening pepper seeds before planting

After germination, pepper seeds are placed in the refrigerator for 3-7 days, where they are hardened. Hardening helps the seeds to more easily endure planting in open ground and adapt to temperature changes. This completes the preparation of pepper seeds for sowing.

Schemes for preparing pepper seeds for sowing

Schemes for pre-sowing preparation of pepper seeds can be different. It all depends on the preferences of the gardener and his capabilities. Let's consider several possible schemes.

Preparing pepper seeds for sowing. Scheme No. 1:

• After disinfection, rinse the seeds with clean water and immerse them in the Zircon solution for 18 hours, prepared at the rate of 1 drop of the drug per 300 ml of water.
• Germinate the seeds and plant in the ground.

Preparing pepper seeds for sowing. Scheme No. 2:

• Soak the pepper seeds in a 2% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes.
• After disinfection, rinse the seeds with clean water and immerse them in the Epin solution for 18 hours, prepared at the rate of 2 drops of the drug per 100 ml of water.

Preparing pepper seeds for sowing. Scheme No. 3:

• Soak the pepper seeds in a 2% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes.
• After disinfection, rinse the seeds with clean water and immerse for 2 days in melted snow water (change every 5-6 hours) or in an aqueous solution of aloe juice.
• Sprout pepper seeds and plant in the ground.

Processing tomato seeds before sowing

How to treat tomato seeds before sowing?

The best that generally exists for such processing is the Baikal M1 tool.

I came across many methods of seed treatment (our people just don’t come up with anything), but after Baikal I don’t want to wish for anything else. And there are only two reasons:

1- this is not chemistry (God forbid from it), but it perfectly cleanses of pathogens;

2- acts immediately and as a growth stimulator.

In a solution with a ratio of 1:1000, we soak any seeds, except for radishes, from 2 to 24 hours, and then just rinse them a little with running water and plant them.

As a result, 100% germination + pleases the eye that the plant "rushes" by leaps and bounds)

If you continue to use this drug in the garden after, then firstly improve the soil well, and secondly, your harvest will be 30-40% higher than planned.

Moreover, the vegetables themselves (for example, peppers or tomatoes) will be well different from those to which this remedy is not applied. It will be visible to the eye by their size.

I was convinced of this from my own experience (I have been using Baikal for about 5 years), so I also recommend it as a crop "improver").

For better seed germination, try the following procedure:

• for half an hour, hold the seeds in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, then rinse well with water and place overnight in a solution of ash.
• You need to germinate tomatoes in a warm place, at a temperature of at least 25-27 degrees.

I also heard from amateur gardeners (I haven’t tried it myself) that aloe juice or a solution of boric acid with blue vitriol(0.2 grams per liter).

Experienced gardeners do not advise sowing seeds during the full moon or new moon, as well as for three days before and after. There is even a scientific explanation for this.

There are many ways to treat tomato seeds before planting, so that later the tops are strong and the fruits are large and juicy.

My mother-in-law is engaged in growing seedlings of tomatoes, and before planting, she processes the seeds by conventional soaking in a solution of water, or in a two percent solution of ammonium nitrate.

There is a listing and description here.

The quality and quantity of the crop in our beds is largely determined by the condition of the seed material. Regardless of its origin (purchased or self-collected), a number of preparatory measures will be required before sowing seedlings. Pre-sowing preparation of seeds consists of a set of techniques that increase their germination, promote successful growth and proper development of plants in the future. Where to start? How to reject weak and how to disinfect healthy seeds?

Main types

In most cases, pre-sowing preparation involves:

• seed calibration;
• disinfection and heating;
• stratification and scarification (if necessary);
• vernalization (for cereals and grain crops);
• hardening;
• soaking in water;
• treatment with nutrients;
• germination.

IMPORTANT! It should be borne in mind that not all cultures need to use one or another method of preparation.

Calibration

The first step in preparing seed for planting is its mandatory sorting. Not all seeds purchased from a store or set aside from last year's own crop may be suitable for sowing - empty and pest-damaged specimens are often found among them. That's why experienced gardeners calibrate or select the best seed.

Selection with 3% saline solution

Most often, saline is used for calibration. Prepare a working solution from the following ingredients:

• Water- 1 liter;
• Salt- 30 grams.

Salt is dissolved in a jar of warm water. Lower the seeds and mix. Hold for 10 minutes.

Empty and weak grains will float to the surface during this time. They should be drained along with the solution.

Seed rejection in saline solution

Good specimens will remain at the bottom. They are washed with clean water and dried.

ATTENTION! Dry the seeds washed with water in a dark and well-ventilated place. A radiator or a sunny window sill is not suitable for drying. In heat and in the open sun, the grains can become unusable.

Selection with an electrified stick

Another sorting method that is used for small grains is sizing with a plastic stick.

For this you will need:

• sheet of white paper;
• a small piece of cloth;
• thin plastic stick.

Seeds are scattered on paper. Rub a stick on a dry cloth and pass it over the inoculum.

Lightweight empty shells are quickly attracted to electrified plastic. They are removed, leaving only suitable for sowing.

The seeds selected during the sorting process are carefully inspected. Instances with irregular shape, with a damaged or necrosis-affected membrane is discarded. It is unlikely that such seed will be healthy and give a good harvest.

IMPORTANT! Saline calibration is not suitable for seeds harvested two to three years ago. During such a long period of storage, their density changes, so sorting should be carried out only visually.

Disinfection

The next stage of seed preparation before sowing is or dressing. In specimens selected for planting, pathogens of fungal, viral and bacterial diseases may be hidden. In order to destroy them and exclude progressive infection, pre-sowing treatment with special preparations and means is carried out.

There are two types of disinfection:

• dry - with the use of powder chemicals;
• wet - dressing seeds with solutions of chemicals.

With dry disinfection, the seeds are dusted with fungicide powder. For this type of treatment, it is best to purchase drugs in specialized stores and garden centers.

Preparations for dry disinfection of seeds
Name	Indications for use	culture	Processing method
Gamair	, fusarium wilt, clubroot, powdery mildew	White cabbage and cauliflower, tomatoes, cucumbers	Crush 1 tablet into powder and dust the seeds on the day of sowing
Alirin-B	, white and gray rot, septoria	Tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, cabbage
Ordan	Late blight, peronosporosis, powdery mildew, Alternaria	Tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants	Dusting with fungicide powder the day before sowing
Fundazol	Fusarium, powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose	Tomatoes, cabbage

Most often, during pre-sowing preparation, experienced gardeners carry out wet dressing of seeds. The most accessible way is treatment with a 1% or 2% solution of potassium permanganate. The concentration of the potassium permanganate solution and the pickling time depend on the crop being treated.

• 1% composition - used to disinfect onions, celery, tomatoes, radishes, lettuce, physalis, corn and legumes. The exposure time is about 45 minutes.
• 2% composition - pumpkin, cabbage, eggplant, dill, carrots and peppers are processed. Etching time - no more than 20 minutes.

Seed treatment can be done with a soda solution.

A composition is prepared from water and baking soda at the rate of 10 g of the substance per 1 liter of liquid. Seeds are placed in the solution for 20 minutes.

As an alternative dressing before sowing, 10% hydrogen peroxide will do. The solution is heated to about 40-45 °C. Then the seeds are dropped vegetable crops for 7 minutes.

IMPORTANT! After disinfection, planting material must be washed with clean water.

warming up

One of the most reliable methods of disinfection when preparing seeds before sowing is heat treatment or heating. The method guarantees the destruction of almost all disease-causing and pathogenic microorganisms.

Heating is carried out with exposure to hot and then cold water. It is easiest to use a gauze or fabric bag and a thermos in the process. The process is carried out as follows:

• liquid heated to +50 °C ... +53 °C is poured into a thermos;
• seeds are placed in a prepared bag, which is tightly tied and lowered into a thermos for up to half an hour;
• after that, the bag is immediately placed in a container of cold water for about 2-3 minutes.

During heat treatment, it is important to observe the temperature regime and the holding interval. Depending on the specific type of culture, the parameters may differ.

IMPORTANT! After heat treatment, germination loss can reach 30%. This result should not be considered a deviation from the norm. During exposure high temperature the death of non-viable or diseased embryos occurs.

Stratification

Some types of vegetables need to carry out such a method of pre-sowing preparation as stratification. The procedure involves placing the seeds in the most favorable conditions and has the following goals:

• ensuring better distribution nutrients inside the embryos;
• increasing the resistance of the embryo to temperature changes in open ground;
• acceleration of germination;
• growing healthy and strong specimens of plants.

Stratification is not required for all types of vegetables. However, tomatoes, some varieties of flowers, woody plants and shrubs must be subjected to the procedure. Stratification time depends on the specific type of crop and can last from several weeks to three months. This fact must be taken into account when preparing seeds for sowing. There are cold, warm and combined stratification.

Cold

It provides for moistening the seeds with water and placing them in a cold place. In everyday life, the lower chamber of the refrigerator is most often used for these purposes.

The process of cold stratification before sowing tomatoes:

• the grains are placed in a cloth, rolled up and moistened;
• the fabric is placed in a plastic container with a layer of sphagnum moss laid out on the bottom;
• the container is placed in the refrigerator for a period of two to three weeks at a temperature of about 2 ... 5 ° C.

Longer cold stratification is necessary for pine, spruce, arborvitae.

Seeds of mountain pine are placed in wet sand and kept in the refrigerator for about a month with constant monitoring of moisture conservation.

It will take 2 to 3 months for blue spruce to germinate, while the sand can be replaced with coconut substrate.

For clematis, coconut is replaced with a mixture of equal parts of earth, peat and sand. The time of stratification of clematis depends on the size of the seeds. Large specimens will need 2 - 3 months, the average one will be enough. Small specimens are placed in a wet disc moistened with water and sent to the refrigerator for a day.

Similarly, they do the preparation of seeds of turnips, cabbage, rutabaga.

IMPORTANT! Do not allow excess moisture. If the seeds float in a container of water, they will become moldy and rot.

Warm

The temperature for warm stratification should be 25…28 °C. For these purposes, special small greenhouses are built, which are placed on the windowsill on the south side of the house. Such a process is necessary for the germination of the lumbago.

The grains of the plant are laid out on moistened foam rubber, covered with a second piece on top and wrapped with cling film. In the greenhouse, the backache should be until the sprouts appear - it takes an average of two weeks to one month.

Combined

Combined stratification involves alternating conditions.

Lemongrass seeds are initially kept warm for a month in wet sand - the temperature in the greenhouse should be 20 ... 28 ° C. Then they are sent to the refrigerator for the same period.

Gentian seeds are stratified in soaked hydrogel - the first two weeks at a temperature of 20 ° C, the next in the refrigerator. Then they are sown in a pot with clay soil and left warm for one to two weeks until sprouts appear.

Primrose seeds, when preparing before sowing, are stratified in a damp cotton pad, first placing it in the refrigerator for 7 ... 14 days, then the seeds are released and simply laid out in heat.

Scarification: breaking the hard shell of seeds

Since the seeds of individual plants have a strong shell, they require additional processing, the methods of which contribute to their germination. This goal is pursued by the scarification procedure, the task of which is to break the hard shell. Weaken the cover in one of the following ways:

• Mechanical.
• Chemical.
• Thermal.

At machining the shell is deformed with a file, needle, sandpaper or a special scarifier.

Chemical scarification is carried out in specialized laboratories by etching grains with acids.

For thermal scarification, the seeds are placed in a cloth bag and alternately dipped three times in boiling water, then in cold water. After each time, specimens with a cracked shell are selected from the bag.

The method is used in preparation for sowing clover, alfalfa, morning glory, lupine, sweet clover, kobe, hawthorn, dog rose, sweet pea, pelargonium.

IMPORTANT! Scarification is required only for seeds collected by oneself. When buying them in stores, it is not necessary to carry out the procedure, since manufacturers sell materials ready for planting that lack a strong shell.

Vernalization

It is carried out in order to stimulate the growth of plants and their more intensive development. The procedure provides for a short exposure of the seeds to low positive temperatures. At home, gardeners prepare planting material by soaking it in warm water. When the grains swell, they are cleaned in the refrigerator for a short time.

The period of vernalization depends on the variety of crops.

• It is enough to hold celery and chrysanthemums in the refrigerator for 1-2 days.
• Carrots, onions and parsley are kept for about 10-15 days.
• Beets, cabbages, radishes, swedes and turnips do not need vernalization.

hardening

The following technique, which accompanies pre-sowing preparation, is necessary for heat-loving plants. Hardening is carried out in order to increase the cold resistance of seeds and adapt them to planting in open ground. The whole process can be broken down into the following steps:

• planting material in a small amount is laid out in fabric bags;
• soaked in warm water (20 ° C) and kept for 6 hours for pumpkin and 12 hours for broccoli, tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, black onions;
• transferred to a refrigerator or cellar and kept for 12 hours at a temperature of 1 ... 3 ° C.

After hardening, sowing can be carried out a few days earlier than the allotted time.

Soaking in solutions

The soaking procedure allows to accelerate the appearance of the first shoots. Before sowing, the seeds are placed in bags or cotton pads, placed in plastic containers with water and cover from above. Soaking is carried out by alternating conditions - first, the grains are kept in water for 3 hours, then they are removed for 6 hours and again immersed in water.

Another way to prepare is to spread the seed on the bottom of a stainless steel bowl or pan, moisten and cover with a damp cloth. The soaking temperature should be:

• for cold-resistant crops, about 15…20 °C.
• for heat-loving - not less than 25 ° C.

Soaking time depends on the plant variety:

• pumpkin, legumes and cruciferous - from 12 to 20 hours;
• nightshade - from 24 to 40 hours;
• onion, grain and spicy - from 50 to 70 hours.

For soaking, it is best to use melted water.

Instead of water, hormones and growth stimulants are often used. They accelerate the process of development of the root system of the plant and give a tangible quick effect. You can soak planting material in the following groups of drugs:

• growth hormones - commercially available formulations containing cytokinins, gibberellins, auxins and heteroauxins;
• growth stimulants - Epin, Albit, Energen, Zircon.

IMPORTANT! When using hormones and growth stimulants, you must strictly follow the rules for their preparation, specified in the instructions. A high concentration of the substance can kill the embryos.

Enrichment with nutrients and biologically active substances

To improve the processes of nutrition and metabolism, seedlings can additionally be artificially enriched with nutrients. The procedure is useful for small seeds of species such as tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, onions, zucchini, beets.

Processing technology

Preparation is carried out 2 - 3 days before sowing.

As a source of nutrients, fertilizers are used, which contain copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, chromium, boron, cobalt and other macro- and microelements.

• Substances are diluted in warm water.
• After that, planting material is soaked in the prepared preparation.
• Withstand the day.
• Dry.
• Sown for seedlings.

ATTENTION! In some cases, it is allowed not to keep the grains in the nutrient liquid, but to spray. When preparing a solution, stick to 0.1 ... 0.3% concentration.

In the preparation of seed material, humates have proven themselves well:

• sodium humate.
• Potassium humate.

A liquid preparation is prepared at the rate of 1/3 teaspoon of the preparation per 1 liter of water.

• The grains are soaked overnight.
• Bulbs - for 8 hours.

More in a simple way enrichment of the culture with microelements is their soaking in an extract from wood ash. For preparation, 1 - 2 tablespoons of ash are dissolved in 100 milliliters of water at a temperature of about 20 ° C. The duration of soaking is no more than 4 hours.

Germination

Sprouting is a longer pre-sowing process. Germinate crops to ensure guaranteed production a large number seedlings. To wait for seedlings, the seeds are kept in water twice as long as when soaking. For species such as pumpkin, corn, peas and beans, instead of a wet cloth, it is better to use prepared sand - washing, drying and sieving it thoroughly, it is generously moistened, after which large seeds are placed inside.

IMPORTANT! Germination is completed immediately after the appearance of the first sprouts - approximately 3% of the total volume of seeds. They should be sown immediately. Longer holding of embryos in water can lead to their decay.

Folk remedies

As methods pre-sowing treatment often used techniques with the use of folk remedies.

• The use of hydrogen peroxide - the composition is prepared at the rate of 1 teaspoon of peroxide per 250 milliliters of water, soaking takes no more than 20 minutes;
• The use of vodka - planting material is placed in a gauze bag and lowered into vodka for 15 minutes;
• Exposure to boric acid- grains are immersed for half a day, a day in a composition prepared at the rate of 0.2 grams of acid per 1 liter of water;
• Treatment with honey solution - the seeds are left for 5 - 6 hours in water with the addition of honey at the rate of 1 teaspoon per glass of water.

The mentioned compositions are natural growth stimulants.

Aloe juice can be used as an alternative source of nutrients when preparing seeds. Prepare the liquid as follows:

• Aloe leaf plates are cut and washed.
• Placed in a plastic bag and placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
• Withstand for 7 days in the cold.