Handmade felt skates. How to make a roof ridge with your own hands: a detailed analysis of the specifics and technologies The main existing types of ridge

We bring to your attention another option for making New Year's souvenirs in the form of colorful skates.

For knitting skates you will need:

Pink and white yarn;

Hook 3.75 mm;

Two large paper clips;

Four small roses;

Filler.

DIY skates step by step:

Skates (2 parts):

Attach the thread to the paperclip 1 RLS as shown by the arrow in photo 1. Tie another 9 RLS along the clip .; ch 1, turn. Next, knit in a circle.

Row 1: Sc in the front strand of the braid (on this row only), turn the work and knit with reverse side for the remaining free threads of the pigtail RLS (10 RLS). Finish 1 sl-st in the first sc of the circular row. There were 20 sc in total.

Rows 2-5: Work sc, end with 1 sl-st. (=20 sc)

Row 6: Ch 1, sc 1 in the same sc as sl st, 4 more sc, skip next 10 sts, 1 sc in each of last 5 sc. Finish SS.

Rows 7-10: Work sc. Finish 1 SS. (= 10 sc). At the end of the 10th row, break the thread. Sew up the tongue of the skate with pink thread. Hide the ends. Stuff with the rest of the yarn.

Cuff:

Attach white thread to the back seam of the skate.

Row 1: 1 VN. 10 sc in circle 17, finish sl-st.

Row 2: * ch 2, skip 1 st. sl 1 in next. p., * repeat to the end, finish 1 sl-st to the bottom of the first 2 VP. Cut off the thread. Hide the ends.

Lace up the front of the skate with white thread using a needle. Tie the thread into a bow.

Suspension:

Attach pink thread from the inside to the back seam of one skate under the cuff using CC. Knit 60 ch. do not break the thread. Attach the CC to the second skate (in the same place as the first). Break the thread, hide the ends.

The roof, which is covered with metal tiles, will include both the main coating and some additional elements. It is desirable to install the main ones correctly, but you can do without them. There are also required elements, for example, horse. It is an integral part of the roofing system. This article will discuss how to do it yourself, avoiding the most common mistakes.

If installed incorrectly, the roof will not be able to fulfill its main function- to ensure the protection of the entire building and the roof from the negative effects of various climatic and weather conditions.

An important condition for laying metal tiles is good ventilation. To ensure good ventilation, you will need to install the roof base in such a way that air circulates from the ridge to the eaves.

If there is a suspicion that the existing room will be exposed to dampness, better and more efficient ventilation of the metal roof should be taken care of.

Tip: when installing the base under the metal tile, you must not forget to provide and leave a gap (at least 50 mm to raise the crate). This measure is able to provide a gap for ventilation between the lower surface of the roof and insulating material. Do not neglect the installation of a seal under the ridge.

Scheme of the arrangement of the elements of the ridge: 1 - additional laths of the crate, 2 - hydro-barrier, 3 - metal tile, 4 - wind board, 5 - sealant of the ridge, 6 - plank of the ridge.

The ridge structure is able to provide ventilation and air outlet from the roof space from the same side. The ridge is the upper edge of the roof, which is a gable horizontal intersection of roof slopes. When viewing the device from the street, it is worth knowing that its outer angle is at least 190 degrees.

It is the uppermost part of the roof, where the ventilation gap is introduced. Therefore, ventilation of the entire space under the roof is carried out through it. The ridge is the first element of the roof, which will take the blow of the negative impact of climatic and weather factors, including gusts of wind. In this regard, it is not at all recommended to save on ridge fasteners.

The main existing types of skate

To date, roofing stores are ready to offer the following types of ridge:

1. Skate plank.
2. Mortise.
3. Semicircular.
4. Crossed.

The ridge strip, which is also called the ridge profile, is intended to close the places where two slopes on the ridge meet (in the upper part of the roof). This function is no less important in decorative terms.

Possible forms of straps for metal skates.

It should be borne in mind that modern manufacturers produce skates that are identical to the color of the metal tile. Consequently, such an element, when laid with your own hands, will harmoniously fit into the general appearance of the roof. Do not forget that a special sealant fastens the bottom of the ridge bar. The function of semi-circular skates is identical to the function of ridge bars. The only difference is that the semicircular ridge has a more attractive appearance.

Most often, a metal tile manufacturing company is engaged in the production of skates of various textures and colors, in strict accordance with the roofing material.

If you purchase all the roofing elements from the same manufacturer, you can at least get an attractive roofing. At best, coverage High Quality and functionality.

Crossed and mortise skates are most often used to equip hip-type roofs. The very name of the mortise ridge indicates that such an element will need to be cut into the roof slope, while its horizontal level is always lower than the main one.

The valley is a joint element of the mortise ridge.

The crossed ridge has intersections, while they are always located horizontally. Therefore, they are quite often confused with the hips of the roof.

The main components of the ridge structure should be considered.

People who have chosen metal roofing as their roofing, you will need to purchase a skate, metal tiles, accessories and necessary fasteners from one seller.

The main components that are needed in order to make a ridge structure are:

• ridge ventilation bar;
• lightning rod holder;
• ventilation tape;
• ridge seal;
• sealant;
• other air elements.

Such details will be able to help make the installation and fix it as correctly and reliably as possible, as well as ensure its high-quality functionality.

In this case, the design will not only protect the joints, but also provide a reliable level of ventilation.

Elements that will be needed in order to install the ridge structure with your own hands:

• skate components;
• rope or winch;
• a bar with a section of 70x90 mm or more;
• crate bars;
• navigation bridges;
• roofing material or a special sealant;
• screws;
• enamel.

How to do the installation of the skate with your own hands?

The owner of the house or cottage fixes the metal tile ridge only after all pitched surfaces are covered with roofing material.

Tip: it is necessary to raise the ridge piece elements to the top of the roof to the place where they will be laid using a rope or a winch.

It is important to know the fact that it is possible to ensure a convenient location in the process of laying metal tiles by attaching brackets to the central bar, on which special navigation bridges are suspended. Further, it is possible to move carefully and perform all work on the installation of roofing.

The owner of the house attaches the ridge beam to the central beam.

For more convenient fixing of the ridge beam, it is recommended to round its upper edge. This measure can provide a tighter fit. ridge elements. In order to prevent the appearance of biological manifestations (fungus, mold and decay), it is necessary to upholster the ridge beam with roofing material or a sealant, which is specially designed for this, along the entire length. This measure will make it possible to extend the life of the ridge and the entire roof as a whole. It is important to note that all its elements must be made directly with screws to the ridge beam.

To prevent rotting of the ridge bar, it should be additionally painted with enamel or oil paint those places that were wrapped in roofing material.

Ridge coating allows you to form two skates laid on adjacent slopes. The owner attaches the main skate, which is long (you will need to lengthen it by 10 mm).

Other skates should be correctly installed in such a way that their expanded ends are located towards the gable.

The process of fixing the skate with your own hands

• two holes are drilled on the flat side of the timber;
• two holes are also drilled on the longitudinal axis of the hump of the bar.

It is important to know that the holes must be drilled so that on the lapels they pass through the crests of the waves of the metal tile. It is correct to start the installation of the ridge structure from one of its ends, while mounting it over the end strips. In the process of laying a flat ridge, it is imperative to dock all parts with an overlap of 10 cm (or more).

In the case of mounting a semicircular ridge, docking should be done only along the stamping lines.

Unlace your boot all the way, fold back the tongue, and slide your foot in. The heel should be pressed against the back of the shoe, and the tips of the toes should lightly touch the toe.

During lacing, increase the rigidity of the fixation from the bottom up. On the foot, you can not tighten the laces very much, but in the ankle area you will have to try: the ankle should be as stable as possible so that the leg does not dangle in the skate.

If you have too long ends, you can walk down again, tie a bow, and tuck the loops into the hooks too.

2. Get in the right position

Place your feet shoulder-width apart or slightly narrower, point your toes and knees clearly forward. Straighten your chest and lower your shoulders, pull in your stomach, check that there is no excess.

Spread your arms to the sides, bend your knees slightly and check how stable this pose is.

3. Learn to walk on ice

Before you master gliding, practice just walking on the ice as if on the ground. This will help you feel more confident and keep your balance.

Take the correct position, spread your arms to the sides and step from foot to foot several times. Then try to move forward in small steps.

To begin with, perform this movement, holding on to the side or the hand of a friend, and then learn to walk without support. Walk both forward and backward.

4. Learn to fall safely

When falling, it is important to shift your body weight to the side in time to land on your hip, and not on your back. Falls back onto your back are the most dangerous because you can't put your hands up and risk head injury.

Practice falling in place. Squat down and shift your body weight to the side, dropping onto one thigh. Extend your hands out in front of you, softening the fall.

Do not put your hands far forward, keep them close to the body. If you stretch out on the ice, other skaters can run over your toes.

5. Learn to stand up properly

First get on all fours, then put one skate on the ice. Leaning your hands on your knee, rise and substitute the other leg.

6. Try different slide options

There are a number of beginner drills out there, and you'd better master them all: the more practice on the ice, the more confident you'll feel.

Flashlights

This is a simple exercise that will allow you to slide without taking your feet off the ice.

Put your feet together, connect your heels and spread your socks - this is position V. Slightly bend your knees and spread your legs to the sides, describing a circle with your legs, and then bring them back together, turning your toes inward - to position A. After that, return your feet to position V and repeat all over again.

When you spread your legs to the sides, they slide on the ice on the outer ribs, and when you bring them together, on the inner ones.

Also practice moving "flashlights" back. Here you first turn your feet to position A, then describe a circle with your feet and find yourself in position V.

snake

Another lead-in exercise without taking your skates off the ice. First, try to snake back.

Put your feet together, bend your knees slightly, spread your arms to the sides and move them slightly forward so that they are in front of the body.

From this position, turn the toes of both feet and knees to the left, and the shoulders to the right. Then reverse the position.

During the movement, do not look at the ice, look ahead of you. A lowered head will provide an unnecessary tilt of the body, which will prevent you from performing a snake.

You can start this movement at the side to give yourself momentum, and actively move your arms, turning your body.

With the same snake, you can move forward, alternately turning both legs to the left, then to the right.

Sliding with one foot takeoff

It is time to move on to sliding with alternate right and left foot take-off.

Put your feet together, slightly bend your knees. Turn the toe of your right foot outward 45 degrees and push off the ice as you slide forward on your left foot. Then repeat the same with the other leg.

It is important that when pushing off, you move your foot not clearly back, but slightly to the side. Due to this, you rest against the ice with the inner edge of the skate and create a good push.

At first, you can substitute the second leg immediately after repulsion and ride on two. Then try to maintain balance a little longer, balancing on one leg and only then substituting the second for it.

Do not forget about the correct position: the shoulders and hips look forward, the stomach is pulled in, the arms are apart and slightly forward, the gaze is directed straight ahead.

7. Learn to slow down

There are three options for stopping traffic. Try them out and decide which is more convenient for you.

hockey

Turn both feet toes inward and spread them wider. In this case, the skates move to the inner ribs.

With one foot in front

Step one foot forward and turn it with the heel out so that the blade is on the inside edge across the motion.

T-stop

Turn the toe of the back foot outward and press the middle of the foot against the heel of the front foot, making the letter "T". Tilt your pelvis slightly forward.

8. Follow safety precautions

Here are a few rules to help you avoid harming yourself and other riders:

• Move around in a counterclockwise direction. So that the skaters do not collide, the movement on the rink occurs in one direction.
• At first, stay close to the side. So in which case you can grab onto it and not fall under the skates of the chasing skaters.
• Don't look down. Firstly, it spoils your technique: your shoulders and chest fall after your head, and then it is more difficult to maintain balance. Secondly, you do not see what is happening around, and you can stick into other skaters.
• If you are learning to move backward, periodically look over your shoulder to avoid bumping into other people.

Remember that everyone has different motor skills and coordination. One person will cut through the ice already at the end of the first lesson, the other will need several visits to the rink just to move away from the side and ride without support.

Give yourself time, start carefully and train more often, and soon skating will become as familiar and comfortable for you as walking.

Dachnoe and suburban construction from time immemorial attracted not only the possibility of holding good rest away from the bustle of the city, but also self-arrangement of their homes. Of course, at a number of points during the construction of the cottage and personal plot there are certain difficulties that need to be solved with the help of masters, however, if desired and with due patience, you can build some elements of the house structure with your own hands. Having finished with the foundation and walls, each owner is faced with questions about how to properly equip the roofing system.

In this article we will tell you how to make a roof ridge with your own hands, consider options for a roof made of slate, corrugated board, metal tiles.

Starting to study the procedure for erecting these elements, you should understand what is the difference between such concepts as "roof ridge" and "roof ridge". The first is formed at the intersection of two roof slopes, and the second is a separate element, which is selected depending on the type roofing material.

The main purpose of the roof ridge is to provide ventilation and remove moisture that forms on inner sides stingrays. The functioning of this element is achieved by laying roofing materials in such a way that there is a small gap between them at the upper junction point.

To date, the installation of a skate can be done both through ready-made kits, and with your own hands, having prepared necessary materials. In the first case, the owner saves himself from taking measurements and preparing the metal for installation. If everything is selected for you, it remains only to choose the shape, which is represented by figured, embossed, conical, semicircular and other types. Self-manufacturing The skate involves cutting metal on its own and making an even bend, which in most cases is difficult to do at home.

There are many ready-made solutions both for roofs from a metal tile, and for other roofing materials. As a rule, manufacturers of a particular product offer to use their material, prepared specifically for their coating. It should be said that the purchase of finished skate elements - optimal solution, ensuring that every detail fits perfectly and that will help create an excellent aesthetic appearance. In this case, the owner is only required to lift the cut blanks onto the roof and, in accordance with the instructions, perform their installation.

The construction of the roof ridge should be started only after the completion of all roofing work. Its fixation is carried out on the prepared coating, which requires, in the version of the insulated roof, insulation to be performed before the process of placing the ridge.

If you are going to equip a skate, first of all, you should figure out what this element is and how to install it correctly. The roof ridge includes the following parts:

• timber - provides retention of the outer coating that protects against the harmful effects of environmental factors;
• wooden or metal racks.

As mentioned above, the ridge provides roof ventilation. However, we must not forget the fact that small gaps between this element and the roof slopes can cause birds, rodents and insects to appear in the attic of the house, so protection against them should be provided.

To solve this problem, it is most rational to use special grids with small cells. A sufficiently strong material, for example, aluminum, should be chosen as the basis for it. it has sufficient strength and flexibility.

Having finished with the arrangement of the ridge, one should not forget about the plugs that are installed in the end part of the structure. Their fastening is carried out by means of self-tapping open openings between the slopes.

The modern assortment of goods in stores in this area is large. In some versions, the skate is placed on racks made of timber, located on ceilings or screeds. In another case, it is formed by sheathing boards at a certain slope, which are placed close to each other. To date, there are the following types of skate:

1. Ridge bar (profile skate). Its main purpose is to connect two roof slopes and protect them from moisture and dirt getting under them. The abundance of colors allows you to choose the ridge to match the roof and ensure a single harmony of the overall color. During installation work do not forget about the gasket of a special seal.
2. Mortise and crossed. These types of skates are often used in the construction of the hip truss system. The fixation of the elements is carried out by inserting into the roof slopes or by installing intersections.
3. Semicircular. Not much different from the first type, but has a more aesthetic appearance. In addition, special plugs are installed from the ends to prevent the ingress of debris and precipitation.

In the course of work, it must be taken into account that ventilation of the space under the roofing is achieved due to the gap left. Having finished with the facing of the slopes, you should start laying the ventilation material, which provides reliable protection for the support beam of the future ridge from the penetration of precipitation.

At the same time, the intermediate layer also solves another important problem - it excludes the penetration of insects and birds into the attic. As a basis for this element, it is more expedient to use special seals, mineral glass wool, etc.

When installing the skate, it is prohibited to use polyurethane foam and sealants, as they impede air circulation under the roof.

After weighing all the features of the material and deciding on its choice, you should purchase the required amount of ridge, as well as its components and fasteners. As a rule, the composition of the ridge element includes a ventilation partition and a tape, fasteners for a lightning rod and a sealant.

To avoid dimensional discrepancies when joining, as well as to ensure high-quality connections, it is necessary to purchase all roofing materials from one supplier.

To successfully complete the task and reduce preparation time, it will be necessary to assemble the required tools and fixtures in advance, namely:

• sliding construction ladder;
• building level and tape measure;
• screwdriver or drill with a set of drills and bits for working with roofing screws;
• kapron cord;
• metal scissors or grinder.

The use of an electric tool greatly simplifies any installation, however, in the absence of appropriate equipment, it is easy to find an alternative to it from the tool available in everyday life.

Height calculation

Starting the arrangement of the roof, a necessary measure is the calculation of the height of the ridge. This will allow you to make all subsequent calculations of consumables that will be required during the construction of rafters and roofs. This indicator is determined using geometric parameters and is calculated based on the angle of inclination of the facing roofing material and its type. So, in the variant of manufacture from reeds or another type soft roof such materials are laid with an inclination in the range from 12 to 85 °. However, slate and other materials are fixed with a slope of 15–60°.

At the same time, the overall aesthetics of the building should also be taken into account - the height of the roof should be optimally coordinated with the proportions of the house. Too high or excessive flat roof can ruin the whole look. For our strip, it is most rational to use a roofing material slope of 30–45 °, otherwise the cladding will be subject to increased wind or snow loads.

To carry out the necessary calculations, you will need to turn to geometry and calculate the values ​​​​using a simple formula. So, you need to take a right triangle and calculate the length of the leg, which is equal to the length of its second counterpart, multiplied by the tangent of the base angle. Having a house with a width of 6 m and an angle of inclination of 40 °, we find the values ​​​​of the tangent from the school tables - in this case it will be 0.83. As a result, we obtain the formula: 6/2 × 0.83 = 2.49 m - the optimal height of the ridge element.

The construction of the ridge is started after the completion of the procedure for fixing the roof on the slopes. Decorative components are delivered to the place of placement by means of a winch mechanism or a rope. To fix the ridge element, it is necessary to install a beam with a cross section of at least 80 × 100 mm from the outside between the slopes. Further, to each of its sides, crate bars are fastened and a ridge bar is installed.

To simplify the subsequent process of laying parts, it will not be superfluous to attach special brackets to the central support beam and place navigation bridges on them. In addition, for the tightest fit of the roofing material, it is most rational to use a ridge beam with a rounded edge.

Protection against decay, development of mold and fungal formations is an integral process during installation, which involves upholstery of the ridge beam along its entire length with roofing material or a special sealant. This practice can significantly extend the life of not only the ridge, but the entire roofing system.

In the option of making a roof from slate, it is most rational to select a ridge from a similar material - asbestos cement, or use galvanization.

Fastening is carried out directly to the ridge beam by means of slate nails or self-tapping screws, so that the overlapping of parts comes from the pediment of the house.

For example, let's take the placement of a ridge element on a metal roof. For high-quality performance of work to ensure reliable functioning, it is carried out in the following sequence:

• make sure that the ridge axis is even - the place where the edges of the slopes meet (permissible discrepancies - up to 2-3 cm);
• when installing additional roofing parts, it is worth remembering the need to lay a small layer of heat-insulating material in the ridge grooves;
• lay the first and last ridge element on the prepared beam flush with the outer edges of the roofing (all roofing it is more rational to carry out with a partner, which will significantly speed up the entire installation process);
• pull a nylon cord between them;
• fix the composite ridge elements with self-tapping screws (the screwing pitch should be moderate, about 40–50 cm).

Ridge elements should be chosen with a shelf width of 15 cm or more, since parts with smaller edges will not be able to reliably protect your attic space in winter time years from snow.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the process of installing a ridge on an equipped roof is not as complicated as it seems at first glance. Taking into account the fact that all work is carried out at a significant height, then, having no installation experience in such conditions, it is best to seek help from specialists.

Video

In the provided video, you can learn about the intricacies of mounting the roof ridge:

Scheme

The diagrams show the intricacies of mounting the roof ridge:

For various reasons, contacting a specialized workshop is not always possible.

In this case, you can sharpen your skates at home using several methods.

Why you need skate sharpening

Many do not understand why skate sharpening is needed at all. Especially when they have just been purchased, the skate shop gives a guarantee on their products and it seems that for some time you can do without sharpening. But it is needed for the following reasons:

• on sharpened skates it is easier to move on ice;
• this makes it possible to better control the balance;
• better able to accelerate on skates and perform various maneuvers;
• the level of glide quality is increased.

Preparation for sharpening

After purchasing skates in a place such as a skate store on proskating.ru or in your city, you must definitely sharpen it. If the skates are not new, you need to determine whether they really need to be sharpened. You need to inspect the blade for burrs and other signs. There are certain reasons that may confirm that the time has come to do this:

• slippage during acceleration;
• the blade can move to the side when turning;
• there is no groove on the blade.

Before sharpening the skates, they should be cleaned of dirt and wiped dry. There are several ways to sharpen. You need to choose the best one for you. Skates can be sharpened with or without a groove. To do this, you need a file.

File sharpening

This method will require wooden block, needle file and vise. In the bar you need to make a groove for the size of the needle file. This is where the tool comes in. Next, you need to clamp the blade of the skates in a vice, and put the bar on it. With the help of a needle file and even advance along the blade with the help of a bar, it will be possible to make a groove in the blade. The blade should be sharpened until the desired result is achieved. In the end, you should walk along the edge with the same needle file to get rid of burrs.

Skate sharpening rules

It must be understood that skates can be different. If you go to any place where everything for figure skating is sold, an online store or an outlet in the city, you can see that the blades on all the skates are different. For speed skating, it is straight, for figure skating, there must be a groove in its center. But in no case should you sharpen skates like a knife blade. This may result in injury. These skates cannot be used on ice.

The measure of sharpening skates must be determined by the characteristics of the ice. Therefore, it is better to use the services of a particular ice rink. There they will select the optimal sharpening for the existing ice.