Passage of tubes in women. Methods and consequences of treatment of tubal obstruction. Laparoscopy. You need to provide a standard series of tests

Children are an extension of ourselves, so almost every woman dreams of a happy and healthy offspring. However, some are faced with the inability to conceive after hearing the terrible diagnosis of "infertility". To find out the reasons, to decide on the methods of treatment, the gynecologist will refer you to check the fallopian tubes. This is one of the first procedures on which the reproductive functions of the body depend. How is the patency of the fallopian tubes checked, how painful is the procedure? Let's look into these issues.

Why is the patency of the fallopian tubes disturbed

The uterus is the most important organ, the health of which determines the possibility of conceiving and bearing a child. Fallopian tubes ( vernacular name- oviducts) - a paired organ that connects the abdominal cavity with the uterus. They are located horizontally on both sides of the uterus, have a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 4 to 6 mm. The inner surface of the fallopian tubes is covered with epithelium with cilia, which help the egg to move.

The fallopian tubes differ slightly in length from each other, which ranges from 10 to 12 cm. An egg and a sperm cell meet in them. The more “correctly” the cilia of the epithelium inside the fallopian tubes function, the more likely a woman is to become pregnant. A fertilized egg moves along them and enters the uterus for further development.

According to doctors dealing with infertility problems, from 30% to 40% of all cases of a disappointing diagnosis are associated with obstruction of the fallopian tubes. The causes of the disease can be:

Organic:
- the presence of inflammatory processes of a nonspecific nature, which are caused by the ingress and active reproduction of bacteria;
- sexually transmitted infections - gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma infections, trichomoniasis, genital herpes;
- gynecological operations and complications after them;
- abortions;
- surgical interventions in the treatment of diseases abdominal cavity(appendicitis, peritonitis), diseased pelvic organs;
- diseases of the reproductive system - salpingitis, saktosalpinks, endometriosis, uterine fibroids.
Functional. These reasons are caused by deviations in the structure of the fallopian tubes, congenital complete or partial absence of the latter. In rare cases, they occur due to severe stress or hormonal disorders.

In order to identify or refute the diagnosis of "infertility", to understand the causes of the disease, to prescribe an adequate, effective treatment, it is necessary to consult a specialist, conduct clinical trials. Many women find out about the presence of inflammatory processes, cysts, fibroids by chance during the diagnostic process. Do not forget about the need to undergo gynecological examinations at least once every six months.

Effective methods for determining the patency of the fallopian tubes

How is the patency of the fallopian tubes checked? Methods proven over the years are painful, require lengthy clinical studies, and are performed under general anesthesia. Newer, modern methods of diagnosis are relatively painless, do not require general anesthesia. To choose the most suitable method:

Consult a gynecologist for advice.
The doctor should take a gynecological history.
Depending on the results, diagnostics / treatment or surgery is prescribed to restore the patency of the fallopian tubes.

HSG (Hysterosalpingography)

This procedure consists in conducting an examination of the patency of the fallopian tubes using an x-ray. Hysterosalpingography helps determine if the fallopian tubes are patent; the presence of deformation changes in the uterus, appendages; learn about the state of the endometrium, the presence of pathologies. The essence of the diagnosis is the introduction of a special substance into the cervix through the cervical canal, visible on x-ray photos.

The specialist sees in the picture the condition of the uterus and appendages: the presence of extensions, constrictions, adhesions, tumors. On average, about 13 mg of fluid is injected. If the fallopian tubes have patency, then the fluid flows out of the uterus, around the ovaries. The procedure is performed 7-12 days after ovulation. It is important that there are no inflammatory processes. The reliability of the method is 80% or more.

Ultrasound (Hydrosonography)

It is possible to check the patency of the fallopian tubes with a reliability of at least 90% without a high dose of radiation using ultrasound in 2D, 3D or 4D measurement. This method is called hydrosonography or echosalpingography (echohydrotubation). For visual confirmation / refutation of the diagnosis, a special vaginal probe is inserted into the uterine cavity. The main disadvantage of the procedure is the high dependence of the results on the qualifications of the operator servicing the apparatus, his ability to correctly and competently decipher the images.

This expensive operation requires a hospital stay of one to two days. It is a surgical procedure in which a laparoscope is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the fallopian tubes. The accuracy of diagnosis is 99.9%. The procedure is used to diagnose the patency of the oviducts, possible complications(cysts, tumors) after infectious, inflammatory processes, treatment of the pelvic organs (uterus, ovaries, appendages).

Fertiloscopy

The difference between fertiloscopy and laparoscopy lies in the introduction of the endoscope through the cervical canal. This one is relatively new method helps with high accuracy to control the condition of the uterus and its appendages. The less likely it is to detect obstruction of the fallopian tubes, the more preferable is fertiloscopy. Unlike HSG, this method gives more accurate results for uterine spasms, which negatively affect the reliability of hysterosalpingography.

What tests should be done before the examination

Before being sent to check the patency of the fallopian tubes, the gynecologist will offer you to take tests:

Urogenital discharge (gynecological smear).
Cytological examination of scrapings of the cervix and cervical canal using the PAP test.
For sexually transmitted infections, HIV, TORCH infections by polymer chain reaction (PCR).

Where to do and how much does a study cost in Moscow

Public, private clinics and hospitals offer a wide range of services for women who need to check the patency of the fallopian tubes. If a few decades ago, such a diagnosis put an end to a woman’s desire to become a mother, then the modern achievements of scientists help restore the functionality of the fallopian tubes, giving joy, the happiness of motherhood.

The price of services differs depending on the type of diagnosis, the degree of reliability of the final results, the possible consequences and side effects:

Clinic name	Type of analysis
Clinic InVitro	Taking gynecological material
	Comprehensive analysis "Sex and the City": 12 infections + smear
	Cytological examination of scrapings of the cervix and cervical canal PAP test
Polyclinic "Otradnoe"	Cytology
		180 to 2780
Women's Health Center	Complex analyzes for detection hidden infections+ PAPP test
	Study of infections by PCR from 1 to 18 infections	From 350 to 2950
	smear on flora
	Taking a biomaterial (smear)
	Comprehensive service (tests to detect tubal patency)	From 5500 to 15000
OnMed Gynecology	Taking a biomaterial (smear)
	Study of infections by PCR from 1 to 20 infections	From 300 rub.
	Cytology

Types of diagnostics and prices for them in various clinics:

Type of clinical/diagnostic study	Approximate cost, rub.	Clinic name
		He Clinic (international medical center)
Description of the picture by the doctor		He Clinic (international medical center)
Echosalpingography (ultrasound)		Clinic "Lama" (center of operative gynecology)
Anesthesia (intravenously)
Reception and examination by a gynecologist	for free
		Clinic InVitro
		Clinic "Family Doctor" Moscow, St. Petersburg

Injection into the cervix
		Polyclinic "Otradnoe"
hydrosonography		Polyclinic "Otradnoe"
Consultation with a gynecologist + ultrasound (echosalpingography)		Center for Reproduction and Family Planning

Operative laparoscopy + hysteroscopy
Sonohysterosalpingography		Center for Traditional Obstetrics
hydrotubation		Center for Traditional Obstetrics

Video: how to check the fallopian tubes for patency

Checking the fallopian tubes for patency begins with preparation:

Treatment of inflammatory processes of the genital organs.
A thorough hygienic toilet.
Taking antispasmodics medicines at the dosage recommended by the gynecologist.

When choosing research methods, consult a gynecologist: find out which one is suitable for your case, ask to justify why. If you are afraid of pain, unpleasant symptoms, discuss in advance the possibility of painkiller injections into the cervical region. Try to calm down as much as possible before the procedure: spasms caused by nervous tension can adversely affect the diagnostic results. Learn more about the benefits individual ways you can check the patency of the fallopian tubes by watching the video below.

Preparation for the examination

Diagnosis of patency of the fallopian tubes

Advantages of methods for studying the patency of the fallopian tubes

Obstruction of the fallopian tubes is a pathology that does not allow you to get pregnant. To identify the cause of infertility, doctors perform various tests, including checking the patency of the fallopian tubes. There are several research methods that differ in the technique of execution. Where to make them better, the doctor will tell.

In what cases is it prescribed to check the patency of the fallopian tubes?

The fallopian tubes are a kind of hollow tubes that serve as a connecting channel between the ovary and the uterus. A woman has two of them, they are located on both sides of the uterus. From the ovary, in which the follicle has matured in a particular month, an egg is released. Her path lies through the fallopian tube. If the cell is fertilized, then through this channel it moves to the uterine cavity to attach to its membrane.

When the patency of the fallopian tubes is broken, the egg cannot reach the uterus, which is why it dies. This disruption of the channel can provoke anchoring gestational sac on the pipe wall ectopic pregnancy. Several factors can cause obstruction:

inflammation;
genital infections;
surgical removal of the fetus in the past (abortion);
operations in the abdominal cavity.

A fallopian tube test is ordered when a couple has been unable to conceive for more than 6 months. Usually, before that, they take blood for hormone tests and do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs to make sure there are no problems with the maturation of the egg. In case of unsuccessful attempts to become pregnant, it is necessary to check the condition of the uterus and fallopian tubes. An examination is also prescribed in such cases:

a history of ectopic pregnancy;
had several miscarriages;
in preparation for artificial insemination.

Methods for checking the patency of the fallopian tubes and their features

Find out about the condition of the pipes various ways: hysterosalpingography, hydrosonography, laparoscopy, fertiloscopy, perturbation. These procedures differ significantly in technique. The doctor prescribes one of the types, taking into account contraindications. It should also be borne in mind that not all institutions have the necessary equipment and tools to conduct a particular diagnosis.

Carrying out hysterosalpingography

Hysterosalpingography (metrosalpingography) is an X-ray method. It is carried out jointly by a gynecologist and a radiologist. The first ensures the entry of a special fluid into the uterine cavity, for which it installs a catheter or rubber tip into the cavity and connects a thin tube to it. A contrast agent is injected through it. The doctor heats it up comfortable temperature to eliminate discomfort and other discomfort.

The fluid fills the fallopian tubes and passes into the abdominal cavity. After that, an X-ray photo is taken. It clearly displays the organs filled with substance, which allows them to be assessed.

If an x-ray is prescribed to detect patency of the fallopian tubes, it is necessary not to use it for a week birth control pills or candles. A couple of days before the test, it is forbidden to eat foods that cause the formation of gases: bread, milk, cabbage, legumes, carbonated drinks, etc. The gynecologist prescribes tests to identify factors due to which the procedure is contraindicated:

pregnancy;
uterine bleeding;
inflammation;
cystitis;
tumor or ovarian cyst;
hyperthyroidism;
thrombophlebitis;
allergy to iodine (part of the injected fluid).

HSG is painless. A woman may experience slight discomfort or pulling sensations in the abdomen. If the patient is sensitive to pain, the doctor recommends taking an anesthetic before the x-ray.

The advantage of the method is informativeness. The fallopian tubes are clearly visible on the pictures, they cannot be confused with other organs. With the result of the x-ray, you can contact another specialist or leave it for comparison with the changes after the treatment.

The disadvantage is small dose irradiation. Experts recommend planning conception no earlier than a month after the x-ray. Due to the introduction of the catheter, slight mechanical damage to the epithelium is possible, as a result of which blood discharge may appear.

Hydrosonography (ultrasound method)

Hydrosonography (echohydrosalpingography) is a type of ultrasound. With USGSS, the uterine cavity is filled with saline, which moves into the tubes. The ultrasound sensor captures the passage of the solution, doctors look at this process on the monitor and, based on this, make an assessment of the condition of the pipes.

An ultrasound of the patency of the fallopian tubes is prescribed a few days before ovulation. On which day of the cycle it is better to conduct an ECHO, the doctor determines based on the duration of the woman's menstruation and the duration of the cycle - for 5-10 days. The neck during this period is quite relaxed. On preparatory stage analyzes are carried out to confirm the absence of pathological processes. Ultrasound examination is excluded when inflammation is detected. The microflora is also checked to make sure that there are no viruses.

ECHO-HSG is safe and does not cause pain. Mild discomfort is possible. The reliability of hydro-ultrasound is somewhat lower than that of hysterosalpingography. This is due to the complexity of image recognition. It should be viewed on the monitor by a qualified specialist who can correctly diagnose.

Surgical intervention - laparoscopy

Laparoscopy involves surgical intervention, so it is rarely used only for diagnosis. Usually it is prescribed in conjunction with treatment, during which surgery is indicated. During laparoscopy, punctures are made in the peritoneum. The doctor introduces optical devices through them. Focusing on the video, he can examine in detail the degree of patency.

The condition of the patient is preliminarily checked, because laparoscopy is not performed if there is inflammation or infection. You should also make sure that there are no heart problems, because the operation is performed under general anesthesia.

The reliability of determining patency by laparoscopy is very high. It allows simultaneously with the diagnosis to carry out an operation to eliminate the pathology. Like any surgery, it can be dangerous. The disadvantage of surgical methods is the need for hospitalization. In the absence of complications, the discharge occurs every other day. Some time shows sexual rest. Sometimes there are crashes menstrual cycle. At least a month later, when the body recovers, you can begin to conceive.

Fertiloscopy and its distinctive features

Fertiloscopy is one of modern species genital examinations. The posterior fornix of the vagina is punctured, and a special fluid is injected into the cavity. It promotes the "emergence" of intestinal loops. In this case, the ovaries and tubes are straightened. A hysteroscope is inserted into the opening of the vagina, with the help of which the condition of the tubes is checked.

The procedure is prescribed in the follicular phase of the cycle. Most often, fertiloscopy is performed under local anesthesia, but sometimes general anesthesia is also possible. During the examination, the doctor assesses the condition of not only the tubes, but also the rest of the genital organs.

The advantage of fertiloscopy is the absence of incisions and the need for suturing. The risk of mechanical damage to blood vessels and other organs is minimal. Fertiloscopy should be carried out by a specialist who will not allow damage to the membranes of the uterus.

Other Methods

There are other ways to determine the patency of the fallopian tubes. One of them is a method that involves blowing, which is called perturbation. An apparatus for supplying carbon dioxide is introduced into the uterine cavity. It is served under a certain pressure. The result is recorded on the device, the task of which is to determine the level of pressure in the pipes. An additional sign of the absence of pathology is a specific noise in the peritoneum. It may hurt a little in the collarbone.

Perturbation is contraindicated in the presence of inflammation, bleeding and high level leukocytes in the blood. Preliminary blood tests are carried out and a smear is taken for the microflora.

What methods are the safest and most reliable?

All of the listed types of diagnostics are safe. Since hysterosalpingography involves the use of x-rays, the woman receives a small dose of radiation.

Operational methods require the preparation of the body and rehabilitation in the postoperative period. Until the stitches heal, exercise and sex are contraindicated. Narcosis is also an extra stress for the body. If possible, it is better to choose non-surgical types of diagnostics - hysterosalpingography and hydrosonography.

HSG and laparoscopy are the most reliable. The remaining procedures are quite informative if performed by a highly qualified specialist. The gynecologist should determine the appropriate research method, taking into account the condition of the woman, the presence of contraindications and the capabilities of the medical institution.

Can there be complications after checking the patency of the fallopian tubes?

Due to the safety of modern types of diagnostics, they do not lead to unpleasant consequences. Complications are possible due to the inexperience of the doctor conducting the procedure. With HSG and fertiloscopy, it can allow perforation of the uterine wall, leading to bleeding. A complication of pertrubation is tubal rupture. This rarely happens in cases where the doctor deviates from the technology of conducting.

If there are chronic inflammatory pathologies, a recurrence of endometritis or inflammation of the appendages is possible. There are known cases of an allergic reaction to the injected liquid. Patients with bronchial asthma check the tubes with caution.

Is it possible to diagnose at home?

Currently, many women prefer to analyze their condition without visiting the hospital at home, which is helped by ovulation tests, pregnancy tests, etc. Due to the particular location of the organs, it is impossible to diagnose the patency of the fallopian tubes at home using any improvised means or equipment.

It happens that anxious patients are too worried about their reproductive health and are ready to run and do all-all-all tests just to find out if everything is in order with them.

- Can I get pregnant? - such girls ask me.
- Why not? Women who are sexually active and do not use highly effective methods of contraception can become pregnant.
- And how would you know more precisely? Am I infertile? Maybe check the pipes?
- Of course, you can check everything, but you need to do it in accordance with the testimony, and not on a whim.

The patency of the fallopian tubes in women will begin to be checked not earlier than the diagnosis of "infertility in marriage" is made. Such a diagnosis is made if, after 12 months of regular sexual activity (at least once a week) without contraception, pregnancy has not occurred. Starting from a certain age of partners (woman 35+, man 40+), the diagnosis is made earlier - after 6 months of attempts.

The second prerequisite for checking the pipes is a good result of the husband's spermogram. A spermogram is needed to take into account the possible "male" factor of infertility. Sometimes they ask me: why can’t you start right away with a woman if she is only “for”, and the husband, on the contrary, does not particularly want to be checked? I think after reading this article this point will become clear.

Sonohysterography (ultrasound)

There are three ways to check if the tubes are passable: using ultrasound, using x-rays, and during surgery (diagnostic laparoscopy). The easiest of these three methods is a study using a contrast agent and ultrasound. The procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis, it usually takes about 30 minutes with dressing and undressing.

A prerequisite is a good smear and Pap test. It is very important that inflammatory diseases were excluded or healed in advance. Immediately before the study, you can do a urinary hCG test so that you don’t accidentally “fall into” a short-term pregnancy, since after such a procedure the pregnancy is unlikely to continue.

The procedure is carried out immediately after the completion of the next menstruation in the period before ovulation. First, the patient is asked to empty bladder and then perform an ultrasound of the pelvic organs with a vaginal probe. The specialist must make sure that there is no pregnancy, the fallopian tubes are not visible (because they are not filled with fluid or blood), and there is no free fluid in the retrouterine space.

If everything is OK, the patient goes to the gynecological chair, where, after a thorough treatment of the vagina, a special thin catheter is inserted into the uterine cavity. Through this catheter, they begin to inject a contrast agent, observing its movement through the fallopian tubes using vaginal ultrasound.

If the tubes are passable, then the fluid will freely pour into the abdominal cavity. If they are not passable, then the uterine cavity or fallopian tubes will begin to "swell", and the patient will feel painful spasms. In this case, the introduction of contrast is immediately stopped and the situation is assessed.

Most women do not experience any discomfort and calmly return to normal life. Cramping sensations in the lower abdomen bloody issues or liquid watery discharge is completely normal and will soon pass on its own. Vaginal tampons are not suitable for protecting underwear, only pads should be used.

If after the procedure the pain persists for several days or unpleasant purulent discharge appears, you should immediately contact your doctor.

This is a rather subjective study, since with the help of ultrasound we see only “shadow and echo”, so the results depend on the experience of the doctors and the quality of the technique. If, according to sonohysterography, the fallopian tubes are passable, most likely it is. A “bad” result, on the contrary, is not a sentence - a common spasm of the fallopian tubes, for example, can prevent the contrast agent from passing through.

Hysterosalpingography (x-ray)

This is an x-ray of the fallopian tubes. With x-rays, then it will be possible to come to all doctors and admire the detailed picture. While after the ultrasound, only a handwritten protocol remains, a few small photographs or a video that few people want to watch.

R-HSG is not only used in infertile couples, such monitoring is desirable after voluntary surgical sterilization operations to ensure that the fallopian tubes are securely blocked.

Contraindications and preparation for the study are completely similar, but the procedure itself is slightly different. In the X-ray room, a woman is offered to lie on her back with bent legs, a special catheter is inserted into the uterine cavity, through which a radiopaque substance is injected.

After that, a series of pictures is taken, which shows how the contrast completely fills the uterine cavity, enters the fallopian tubes and pours into the abdominal cavity. The internal borders of the uterus and tubes are completely contoured with contrast, so surprises are sometimes found in the form of fibroids or developmental anomalies.

Moderate cramping pains, a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, small spotting are common symptoms after the procedure. Also, after the procedure, there may be sticky discharge - this follows the contrast. The use of tampons is not recommended, only pads.

Serious complications are extremely rare, but they do happen. Among them are an allergic reaction to a contrast agent, perforation of the uterus with instruments, bleeding, and inflammatory complications.

Laparoscopy (surgery)

I think it's already obvious that methods for checking tubal patency are not a fun walk in the park. That is why the check is not carried out "just in case" and because it became curious. These are complex, unpleasant invasive procedures with their own risks. The approach “first we check the wife, and only then the husband” is completely unacceptable. Sperm for analysis is obtained using manual masturbation, and the woman is facing potentially dangerous interventions.

The final method of diagnosing tubal-peritoneal infertility is laparoscopy. Laparoscopic chromohydrotubation is a way to look into the pelvis through three small puncture incisions. Doctors see on the monitor screen how the contrast agent flows from the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity. At the same time, adhesions can be separated and obstacles in the path of the liquid can be removed.

The operation is performed exclusively in a hospital and under anesthesia, the patient is hospitalized for 3 days. The advantage of laparoscopy is the possibility of diagnosing small forms of endometriosis and the possibility of carrying out therapeutic measures, including the separation of adhesions.

Indeed, if there is clinical suspicion of external genital endometriosis, or a woman has had inflammation of the appendages, gonorrhea or chlamydia in the past, then doctors consider the tubal-peritoneal factor to be highly likely and may recommend therapeutic and diagnostic laparoscopy, bypassing preliminary patency checks. But you should not go straight to laparoscopy - in medicine it is customary to move from simple to complex.

And options like “MRI of the whole body” generally provide information equivalent to “an autopsy will show”, without facilitating the diagnosis at all, but on the contrary, confusing the doctor! Therefore, there is no need for diagnostic amateur performance - you should contact a specialist and fulfill all his appointments.

Oksana Bogdashevskaya

Photo istockphoto.com

Ultrasound of the patency of the fallopian tubes (hysterosalpingoscopy) is a diagnostic procedure that allows you to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes by introducing a special contrast agent into them.

It is carried out on an outpatient basis, which does not require a long stay of the patient in a medical institution.

Features of the procedure

With a conventional ultrasound, it is impossible to see a complete picture of the state of the pipes, since their lumen will not be visible. Therefore, doctors resort to special technique, which allows you to clearly establish the presence or absence of pathologies.

This study can be carried out both with an external sensor (through the abdominal cavity) and transvaginally (through the vagina).

Indications for the study

Ultrasound of the patency of the fallopian tubes is prescribed in the presence of the following pathologies:

primary or secondary infertility
irregular menstrual cycle
frequent repetitions of inflammatory processes of the uterine appendages
lack of menstruation (except pregnancy)
painful sensation in the lower abdomen
a previous sexually transmitted infection (especially if it has not been treated).

When is the procedure necessary?

Checking the patency of the fallopian tubes in this way can be performed from 5 to 20 days of the cycle. But most experts advise to carry it out on the eve of ovulation (8-11 days). This is due to several factors:

it is at this time that the cervix is most dilated and the likelihood of its spasm is minimal
after menstruation, the endometrium of the uterus has a small thickness and does not interfere with a full-fledged study.

Preparation for the procedure

Before conducting the study, a woman needs to undergo training, which consists in passing the following tests:

gynecological smear for flora
urine and blood tests (general) to exclude exacerbation of inflammatory diseases
PAPP test (cytology)
analysis for infections (mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis) by PCR.

Immediately before the procedure, the patient must perform one more preparation: a hygienic toilet for the genitals.

According to the doctor's prescription, antispasmodic drugs can be taken 40 minutes before the examination.

How the study is done

The procedure for this procedure is as follows:

the patient lies down on the gynecological chair with the back down
speculums are inserted into the vagina and a thorough treatment of the cervix and vagina is performed
through the cervical canal, a disposable thin catheter is inserted, having a special inflating balloon at the end for fixation
using a vaginal probe, an ultrasound is performed to make sure that the catheter is positioned correctly
a sterile gel or saline solution is injected through the catheter, which, moving through the fallopian tubes, allows you to see their internal structure and the presence of adhesions in them. The approximate volume of liquid needed is from 20-40 ml to 100-110 ml.

The time for the entire test is no more than 10-30 minutes.

How the results are evaluated

In the absence of any pathologies, all fluid should accumulate in the uterine-intestinal recess. If she filled the uterus and fallopian tubes without getting into the abdominal cavity, then we can assume the presence of obstruction of the fallopian tubes.

Cons of this procedure

Ultrasound of patency of the fallopian tubes has several disadvantages:

the introduction of a large amount of fluid and spasms of the fallopian tubes and uterus, can cause discomfort
obstruction of saline or gel through the fallopian tubes does not always indicate the presence of adhesions - sometimes this is a consequence of the appearance of severe spasms.

Contraindications for the study

presence of uterine bleeding
exacerbation of the inflammatory process of the pelvic organs and any other diseases
pregnancy
cervical dysplasia
the development of precancerous processes in the cervix and on the surface of the uterus itself.

Benefits of conducting a study

This type of diagnosis of patency of the fallopian tubes has many advantages over other methods for detecting the same pathology:

pregnancy planning is possible in the same cycle, since the reproductive organs were not exposed to radiation (as in x-rays)
pregnancy is also possible during the same cycle - the liquid washes away the derivative, which clogs the fallopian tubes, disconnects thin adhesions, and also helps to activate the fimbria, which captures and promotes the egg
no need for hospitalization
incidental detection of disorders in the uterus
speed of
no need to perform punctures of the abdominal wall (as with laparoscopy)
The procedure is performed without the use of anesthesia.

What determines the cost of the procedure?

The cost of conducting this study consists of:

prices of an intrauterine catheter, which depends on the manufacturer
echo contrast gel (liquid) prices
prices for consumables.

The average cost of an ultrasound of the patency of the fallopian tubes is 1500 - 4500 rubles.

Reviews about the study

Reviews of patients who have gone through this procedure are different. Many say that during the study they experienced absolutely no sensations, and that it did not hurt at all. Some, on the contrary, recall the passage of ultrasound with great trouble, since at the same time they were very hurt and they could not do without painkillers. These reviews indicate the individuality of the sensitivity threshold of each individual organism.

Ultrasound of the patency of the fallopian tubes is the most popular method for diagnosing the presence of their pathologies. With the timely conduct of this study, it is possible to avoid serious complications and more rapid recovery of the woman's reproductive function.

ATTENTION! The information on the site is for reference or popular, is for informational purposes only. Proper Treatment and appointment medicines can only be carried out by a qualified specialist, taking into account the diagnosis and medical history.

Successful diagnosis and treatment, health and well-being!.

27.02.2015 UziLab

Some women can't get pregnant for a long time. There are many reasons for this problem. One of them will be the obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Reviews, as they check, preparation for this procedure will be described in our article. To identify this pathology, the specialist must prescribe special studies to the patient. Let's take a closer look at these diagnostic procedures, as well as their possible consequences.

General description of hysterosalpingography

The procedure in which the patency of the fallopian tubes is checked is called hysterosalpingography in the field of medicine. This diagnostic measure is carried out in order to check the condition of the uterus, as well as its tubes. In addition, during hysterosalpingography, an assessment of patency is made. The indication for such a diagnostic measure is in cases where women cannot conceive a baby for a very long time, or they have already had several miscarriages in the past.

How is the patency of the fallopian tubes checked?

Feedback from experts suggests that this procedure can be carried out using three methods. The main one is to conduct hysterosalpingography, which was discussed above. This procedure is a special x-ray that shines through the fallopian tubes. Initially, a rubber tip is inserted into the cervix, and a thin tube called a cannula passes through it. Through it, a special coloring matter enters, in most cases - blue. After that, with the help of an X-ray machine, a picture is taken, which is displayed on the monitor. On it, a specialist can see the structure of the uterine cavity, the fallopian tubes that extend from it.

So, we continue to consider how the patency of the fallopian tubes is checked, reviews of the diagnostic measure. As mentioned earlier, diagnosis can be carried out in three ways. We have considered only one. What will be the other methods of checking the condition of the fallopian tubes? These should include:

Sonohysterosalpingography. In the field of medicine, this procedure is also called echography, cosgraphy, echohysterosalpingography, hydrosonography. Speaking about how the patency of the fallopian tubes is checked, the reviews show that this particular procedure is less painful when compared with hysterosalpingography, which we talked about above. This diagnostic measure is the introduction through the catheter into the cervix of a special saline solution, the temperature of which is equal to room temperature. After that, the passage of fluid is studied using an ultrasound machine.
Another diagnostic measure, thanks to which patency can be assessed, is laparoscopy. What do the reviews say about this procedure? How is the patency of the fallopian tubes checked by laparoscopy? Both patients and specialists say that this method is the most traumatic. Often it is combined with the removal of adhesions, which is why laparoscopy is not prescribed only to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes. This procedure is a puncture of the abdominal wall, where surgical instrument, allowing you to examine in detail the internal organs of the patient.

You should also pay attention to the fact that blowing can be prescribed to check the patency of the fallopian tubes. It is used only if the patient has an allergic reaction to some kind of contrast agent. This procedure is the injection of air directly into the uterus using a special pressure gauge, as well as a rubber tube.

What is echohysterosalpingography?

Let's take a closer look at the diagnostic event, which is called echohysterosalpingography. The evaluation of organs using such an ultrasound examination is carried out on the monitor, and not on the picture, as is the case with hysterosalpingography. The main advantage of this technique is the absence of radiation exposure. In addition, echography is also carried out without hospitalization of a woman.

It is recommended to carry out this diagnostic event on the eve of ovulation. The undoubted advantage of this period is that during ovulation, the cervix is as relaxed as possible. As for the preparation for the diagnosis, the woman should stop eating 2 hours before visiting the doctor. In case of increased gas formation, the specialist can prescribe Espumizan to the patient, which must be drunk for 2 days before diagnosis.

In addition, to conduct an echohysterosalpingography, a woman must also pass some tests: blood for HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, and the microflora of the vagina. These analyzes are necessary in order to exclude the presence in female body viruses. During the diagnostic measure, a special contrast agent is introduced, which must pass freely through the fallopian tubes, and then penetrate into the abdominal cavity.

Reviews about the procedure

Is it painful to check the patency of the fallopian tubes? Patients' testimonials indicate that after echohysterosalpingography, there is a slight soreness that disappears throughout the day. Therefore, many choose this particular diagnostic measure to check the condition of the patency of the fallopian tubes.

x-ray

So, we continue to consider whether it is painful to check the patency of the fallopian tubes, patient reviews, as well as diagnostic methods. X-ray, or hysterosalpingography, is used only to examine the fallopian tubes in non-pregnant patients, since any radiation is very harmful to the embryo. In such situations, the previous method is used, that is, echohysterosalpingography. However, attention should be paid to the fact that X-ray will be the most informative research method, it is able to assess the state of the organs in the entire abdominal cavity. This procedure also has some disadvantages. These should include:

The body receives radiation, albeit in a small amount.
A woman may have an allergic reaction to the contrast agent.
During the procedure, mechanical damage to the skin with a small amount of bleeding may occur.

Does it hurt to check the patency of the fallopian tubes in this way? As a rule, patients do not experience pain if their epithelium has not been damaged. However, this happens extremely rarely.

Cost of hysterosalpingography

Of course, many women wonder if it hurts to check the patency of the fallopian tubes. They will also be interested in the cost of such a diagnostic procedure. Speaking specifically about hysterosalpingography, the price will depend on the specific method. In public clinics, any such procedures will be absolutely free. In a private institution, the cost for an x-ray ranges from 1,500 to 5,000 rubles. As for echohysterosalpingography, the cost of such a procedure ranges from 5,000 to 8,000 rubles. However, this will also depend on other additional services, such as a consultation with a gynecologist, an examination under anesthesia, the presence of a husband at the event.

How to check the patency of the fallopian tubes, reviews

Whether it is painful to check the condition of the fallopian tubes will depend on the chosen diagnostic procedure. However, in any case, before conducting the study, the specialist must examine the patient, and then prescribe the delivery of some tests. In addition, the doctor selects the time when a woman should come to a particular diagnostic event. To avoid inaccurate results, the doctor must be sure that during the examination the patient's uterus will be in a relaxed state in order to reduce the risk of spasms. Preparation, testing - patient reviews indicate that there is nothing complicated in this. It is only necessary to make an appointment with a gynecologist in advance.

Required tests

So, we figured out whether it hurts to check the patency of the fallopian tubes or not. However, some of the fair sex are afraid to take tests before the main procedure. In particular, the specialist takes blood for a biochemical study. In parallel with this, the woman must also pass urine. Mandatory testing for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis. A smear from the vagina should be taken, with the help of which the microflora is examined. Before an x-ray of the fallopian tubes, a pregnancy test is mandatory or a blood test is taken to detect hCG. This study is the main difference between the process of preparing for hysterosalpingography and echohysterosalpingography. The latter can be used for pregnant women.

Preparing for diagnostics

As mentioned earlier, a diagnostic study requires a special behavior from the patient for several days before the appointed date. It should be carried out on the 5-9th day of the menstrual cycle. The preparatory activities for hysterosalpingography will include the following steps:

A couple of days before the diagnostic procedure, a woman should give up sexual intimacy.
During the week before visiting a specialist, it is also not recommended to douche, use special personal hygiene products, that is, tampons.
Use must be discontinued seven days before the diagnostic event. vaginal suppositories, tablets, sprays, if there is no agreement on their use with a doctor.
Before carrying out a hysterosalpingography, it is imperative to empty your bladder, as well as your intestines. If a woman does not go to the toilet, she should give a cleansing enema before the diagnosis.

Possible consequences

So, we have examined how the patency of the fallopian tubes is checked with the help of ultrasound, how it is necessary to prepare for this event. Without fail, the fair sex must comply with the above rules. More accurate information on which day the patency of the fallopian tubes is checked, how to behave before this event, what tests to take, will be answered by your attending physician. Therefore, consult a gynecologist in advance. In addition, the specialist must report possible consequences performing a diagnostic exercise.

Even the safety of hysterosalpingography will not guarantee the absence of negative consequences. First of all, this should include an allergic reaction to the contrast composition, which is used in the study. This phenomenon will be characteristic of those women who have previously had similar responses during other examinations. Allergic manifestations can also be observed in those women who suffer from bronchial asthma.

Before checking the patency of the fallopian tubes, you can ask your doctor about the possible consequences. It is possible that bleeding, infection or uterine perforation may occur.

But what about x-rays? How often to check the patency of the fallopian tubes so that these radiations do not harm the body? It should be noted that X-ray does not pose any threat to the health of a woman, since its amount is so small that it does not lead to tissue damage.

Speaking about whether it is painful to check the patency of the fallopian tubes, it should be noted that pain occurs, but they disappear on their own after a few days. The main condition is that you should limit yourself from using tampons, visiting the sauna, and douching. If the blood has not passed for a couple of days and an unpleasant odor has appeared, then you should consult your doctor.

Pregnancy after diagnosis

So, we have considered how best to check the patency of the fallopian tubes. It should be noted that after such an event, women have an increased chance of becoming pregnant. At present, there is no scientific exact justification why this occurs after hysterosalpingography. Statistics show that this procedure actually increases the percentage of patients' ability to conceive a child. Quite often this is observed when the analysis for the patency of the fallopian tubes is carried out using contrast oil substances. For this reason, a slight delay in menstruation after the study can indicate not only the transferred female stress, but also a possible pregnancy, which will need to be verified.

Conclusion

Now you know how to check the patency of the fallopian tubes during laparoscopy, hysterosalpingography, echohysterosalpingography, and other diagnostic measures. The attending physician will prescribe a specific diagnostic method for you after a series of tests and studies. Be sure to follow the rules for preparing for the diagnostic procedure. The doctor also needs to make sure that you are not pregnant. Otherwise, if an x-ray is used for research, it can harm the fetus.

Is it possible to check the patency of the fallopian tubes? Thanks to modern technologies- Yes. Based on all of the above, we can conclude that the verification procedure can be a little painless. However, the discomfort, according to patients, disappear after a couple of days or hours. Do not be afraid of this diagnostic method, since a woman's health is more important than her fears.