Games for people with disabilities. Collection "Developing games for children with disabilities (intellectual disabilities)". in physical culture

Low mobility games

"Silence".

Target: exercise children to walk in a column one at a time.

Game progress: Walking in a column one at a time, bypassing the site behind the teacher and jointly pronouncing the lines of the poem:

Silence at the pond, the grass does not sway.

Do not make noise, reeds, fall asleep, kids.

At the end of the poem, the children stop, crouch, bow their heads and close their eyes. After a few seconds, the teacher says loudly: “Kwa-kva-kva!” - and explains that the frogs woke up the guys, and they woke up, got up and stretched.

"Bubble"
Purpose: to teach children to stand in a circle, to make it wider, then narrower, to teach them to coordinate their movements with the spoken words.
Description: the children, together with the teacher, join hands and form a small circle, standing close to each other. The teacher says:
"Inflate, bubble, inflate big,
Stay like that, but don't burst."
The players step back and hold hands until the teacher says: “The bubble has burst!”. Then they let go of their hands and squat down, while saying "Clap!".
Directions: At first, 6-8 children take part in the game. When repeated, 12-15 can play

"Tram"
Purpose: teaches children to move in pairs, coordinating their movements with the movements of other players, to learn to recognize colors.
Description: 3-4 pairs of children stand in a column, holding each other's hand. Free hands they hold on to the cord, the ends of which are tied, i.e. some hold the cord with their right hand, others with their left. The teacher holds 3 flags in his hands: yellow, green, red. Green signal - the tram is moving, yellow - slowing down, red - stopping. The teacher raises the flags one by one.
Instructions: if there are many children, 2 trams can be made; at a stop, some passengers get off the tram, while others enter by lifting the cord.

"Guess who's screaming where."
Description: Children sit facing the wall. Nanny hides at the other end of the room and rings the bell. The teacher says: "Listen to where it rings and find the bell" when the children find the bell, the teacher praises them, and then again suggests returning to the wall. Nanny rings the bell again, hiding in another place.

"Find your place."
Description: Children form a circle. Leading around the circle with a handkerchief in his hand. At the signal of the teacher, he runs after the children standing in a circle, puts a handkerchief on one of them on the shoulder and continues to run. The one who turned out to have a handkerchief runs towards the driver. At this time, the children move apart, as if filling the vacant space. The driver and the child with the handkerchief must find this place and stand up.
Rules: the one who takes his place remains in the circle, and the latecomer becomes nearby.

"Find yourself a mate."
Description: Flags by the number of participants. Half flags one color, half another. At the signal of the teacher, the children scatter around the playground. On another signal, they are looking for a mate.
An odd number can take part in the game
children, then one is left without a pair. Children will be with him
deal with words:
"Vanya, Vanya don't yawn,
Pick a pair quickly.

"Bubbles"
Description: Children are not inflated "bubbles". They squat at different ends of the playground, and to the teacher’s words: “The bubbles are inflating,” the children rise, slowly moving their hands to the sides, as far back as possible. To the teacher’s words: “Air comes out of the bubbles,” the children squat down again, exhaling air, pronounce the sound “S-s-s”. The teacher, standing in one place, pretends to blow bubbles (children rise at this time). Then he says: "Bubbles flew across the site." After these words, the children begin to spin, jump, run around the playground. To the teacher’s words: “The bubbles have settled!” children sit on pre-prepared chairs.

"Find the flag."

Description: Children sit on chairs in different places of the room (platform). At the signal of the teacher, the children close their eyes, and the teacher, meanwhile, hides the flags (according to the number of children). “It's time to look for the flag,” says the teacher, the children open their eyes and go looking for the flags. The one who found the flag sits down in his place. When all the children have found the flags, they walk along the sides of the playground, holding the flag in their hand. Ahead of the column is the one who first found the flag. At the signal "In place!" the children sit on the chairs and the game starts again.
The teacher must ensure that the children take one flag.

"Ball rolling".
Description: The teacher shows the children a set of colored balls and trays, gives the children the opportunity not only to look, but also touch the balls, asks them to name their colors. After that, the teacher shows how to roll the balls, and then calls the children one by one and invites them to roll one or two balls. The child who has rolled the balls runs after them himself and puts them in a box or basket.

« Who woke up the bear?
Description: Children sit on chairs in a semicircle, and one child with a teddy bear in her arms sits with his back to the children. One of the children shouts loudly “ku-ka-re-ku!” The child, turning to the bear with the words “Let's go look for a cockerel”, goes around all the children and, stopping in front of the one who crowed, says: “You woke up the bear.” If he guessed right, then they change places, and the game repeats.

"Our train"
Description: Children sit on chairs placed one after another (like wagons) and sing a song together with the teacher: “Our train is leaving, the wagons are running,

And our guys are sitting on the train.”
To the words: “Knock - knock, knock - knock - knock, - we hear everything:
A steam locomotive is running, it is carrying the guys.
Children, holding on to the back of a chair in front of the person sitting, stamp their feet rhythmically to the tempo of the song (like the sound of wheels). Educator next:
“Well, here’s the stop – it’s time for us to get up.
Let's go to the forest to collect mushrooms!
Children get up from their seats - “get out of the cars” and walk around, collect artificial mushrooms, run to the next place and repeat the same thing. To the word of the educator: “locomotive” - the first child who sits on a high chair, in the form of a driver, is buzzing. Children rush to the train and go on.

"Who will find the flag?"
Description: The teacher holds two flags and, turning to the children, says: “Here in my hand
Two small flags
But you can't look at them."
Children close their eyes. The teacher continues:
“I’ll hide them in the snow, whoever has at least one flag,
If he finds it, well done.”

The teacher hides the flags behind a tree and says:
"And now those flags that I held in my hand,
I let you find it!
Children go and look. The teacher says:
"Who found them at this moment
Let him run up to me!”

"Ball in a circle"
Description: Children sit on the floor in a circle and roll the ball to each other. The teacher shows the children how to push the ball with both hands so that it rolls in the right direction.
The game runs more lively with a group of 8-10 people.

"Butterfly"

"What is hidden?"
Description: Children sit on chairs, on the floor, in one line. The teacher puts three to five objects in the center of the circle and offers to remember them. Then the players stand up and turn their backs to the center or to the wall and close their eyes. The teacher hides one object lying in the center of the circle and says "Look." Children open their eyes, turn to face the cent and remember which object is missing.

« dragonfly song »

Purpose: to develop coordination of movements; exercise in rhythmic, expressive speech.

Game progress: Children stand in a circle, pronounce words in chorus, accompanying them with movements:

I flew, I flew, I didn’t know I was tired.

( Gently wave their hands.)

She sat down, sat down, flew again.

( Get down on one knee.)

I found my friends, we had fun .

( Smooth hand movements.)

She led a round dance, the sun shone.

« Bubble »

Purpose: to teach children to form a circle, changing its size depending on the game actions; develop the ability to coordinate actions with spoken words.

Game progress: Children, together with the teacher, holding hands, form a circle and pronounce the words:

Inflate a bubble, inflate a big one.

Stay like this and don't break.

The players, in accordance with the text, step back holding hands until the teacher says« The bubble burst!». Then the players squat down and say« Clap!». And go to the center of the circle with the sound« sh-sh-sh». then again become in a circle.

"Butterfly"
Description: Tie a butterfly cut out of paper to a thread. Carry the butterfly in front of the faces of the children who are standing in a semicircle or in a circle. Children blow on a butterfly. The butterfly flies away from them. You need to start blowing only when the butterfly is already in front of the child's face.

"Where did they call"

Target : To develop hearing, attention and endurance in children.

Game progress: Children sit in a circle or along a wall. One of the educators playing as directed becomes in the center of the circle or in front of those sitting. At the signal of the teacher, he closes his eyes. The teacher gives one of the children a bell and offers to call. The child in the center of the circle should, without opening his eyes, indicate with his hand the direction from which the sound comes. If he points correctly, the teacher says: "It's time!", The player opens his eyes. And the one who called - picks up and shows the call. If the driver made a mistake, he closes his eyes again and guesses again. Then the teacher appoints another driver.

"Broken phone"

Game progress: Children sit in one line. The teacher approaches

to the first sitting player and clearly but quietly says a word in his ear, for example, a car, a ball, a doll, a dog, etc. The first player passes to the second, the second to the third, etc. The last player approaches the teacher and says the word that came to him. If the word is distorted, you need to go back and identify the player who incorrectly conveyed the word. The culprit becomes the leader and the game continues.

"Finish the word"

Game progress : Children stand in a circle. The teacher stands in the center of the circle with a large ball in his hands. He throws a ball to someone and says the first syllable of a word, for example, “Ma ...” Before that, he gives the players a hint that this is a name, a pet, a piece of furniture, etc. The player who was thrown the ball catches it and name the word in full. If he guessed the word correctly, he throws the ball back to the teacher, and if not, he is out of the game.

"Sweet words"

Game progress : All children stand in a large circle. The teacher starts the game, says sweet Nothing or a phrase, for example: "My pretty" or "Sunshine", gives the ball to the player. The player who was given the ball, in turn, says his word and passes the ball to the next participant in a circle. The participant who cannot name the word is out of the game. The game lasts 1-1, 5 minutes.

"Find where it's hidden"

Game progress : The teacher shows a bright small rubber or soft toy, the children remember it. The teacher invites the children to squat down and close their eyes. At this time, the teacher quickly hides it and says whoever finds the toy, does not pick it up, does not point a finger at it and does not say out loud where it is hidden. Which of the children will be the first to find a toy, approaches the teacher and says in his ear where the toy is hidden. The game is repeated 3-4 times. The leaders of this game can be the children themselves.

"Two Girlfriends"

Children stand in a circle or scattered.

Two girlfriends on the lawn:(Slap on knees.)

"Kwa-kva-kva, kva-kva-kva."(Clap hands.)

Two green frogs:(Slap on knees.)

"Kwa-kva-kva, kva-kva"(Clap hands.)

"Qua!"(Stomp with one foot.)

Songs are sung in chorus:(They fold their palms and slightly “open” them - this is a mouth.)

"Kwa-kva-kva"(Clap hands.)

"Kwa-kva-kva"(Stomp foot several times.)

And they interfere with sleep.(Threaten with finger.)

"Kwa-kva-kva-kva-kva"(Clap hands.)

"Qua!"(They make one stroke.)

Game progress: Children sit in a circle. One child stands or sits in the center of the circle and closes their eyes. The teacher, without naming the child, points to one of the children who are sitting behind his back. The one pointed to stands up and loudly calls out the name of the child who is sitting in the middle of the circle. If the child guessed who called him, he opens his eyes, and they change places with the one who called his name. If he didn’t guess, then the teacher invites him not to open his eyes, but to listen again to who calls his name. The game is repeated 2-3 times.

"Tree, bush, grass"

Children form a circle and move in a circle.

The teacher explains the rules of the game: for the word "tree" the children raise their hands up, for the word "bush" they spread them to the sides, for the word "grass" they lower their hands down, touching the floor.

An adult pronounces words at random, children perform the corresponding movements. Whoever makes a mistake is out of the game.

"House"

On the edge of the house stands(They fold their palms in a “house” above their heads.)

There is a lock on the door(They close their palms “in the castle”.)

Behind the door is a table(Cover with the right palm the fist of the left hand.)

Palisade around the house.(Hands in front of you, fingers spread out.)

“Knock-knock-knock – open the door!”(Knock fist on palm.)

"Come in, I'm not evil!"(Hands to the sides, palms up.)

"Herringbone"

Children stand in a circle or scattered.

The teacher shows the movements and says the text, the children repeat the movements.

Our Christmas tree is beautiful

Rising up to the sky(They stop, stretch their hands up.)

slender beauty,(They walk in a circle again, holding hands.)

All the guys like it.(They stop.)

"Cabbage - radish"

The teacher explains the rules of the game: you need to raise your hands to the word “cabbage”, and clap your hands to the word “radish”. Then the adult pronounces these words in random order, and the children perform the movements. You can complicate the game by speeding up or adding another word (for example, the word "carrot" - jump in place).

"The cat went to the stove"

Children form a circle, hold hands. The teacher stands in a circle with the players.

The teacher shows the movements and says the text, the children repeat the movements.

The cat went to the stove

The cat came up to the stove.(They walk in a circle, holding hands.)

He found a pot of porridge

I found a pot of porridge there.(They walk in a circle in the other direction, holding hands.)

And on the stove kalachi,

Oh delicious and hot!(They stop, turn to face the center of the circle, clap their hands.)

Pies are baked in the oven(Bend forward, arms forward, palms up.)

They are not handed out.(They straighten up, hide their hands behind their backs.)

"Vegetables and fruits"

Children stand in a line or scattered.

The teacher names various vegetables and fruits. If a vegetable is named, then the children should quickly sit down, and if a fruit, raise their hands up. Players who make a mistake take a step forward.

The players with the fewest mistakes win.

"On the track"

Children stand in a circle or scattered. The teacher shows the movements and says the text, the children repeat the movements.

One two three four five,

Let's stretch our legs.

We're walking down the road

Raise your legs higher.(Walking in place.)

And along the same path

We jump on the right leg.(Jumps on the right leg.)

And now a little more

Let's jump on the other leg.(Jumps on the left leg.)

Let's run along the path

Let's run to the lawn.(Running in place.)

On the lawn, on the lawn

We jump like bunnies.(Jumping in place on two legs.)

We clap our hands

Let our feet dance.(Free dance moves.)

Stop. Sit down - take a rest. (Squatting.)

And we'll walk back.(Walking in place.)

"Three Bears"

The teacher shows the movements and says the text, the children repeat the movements.

Three bears were walking home.(March in place.)

Dad was big, big(Raise hands up.)

Mom is a little smaller(Extend arms forward at chest level.)

And the son is just a baby.(Put hands on belt.)

He was very small

Walked with rattles.(Imitate playing with a rattle.)

"Hands - legs"

Children are scattered.

The teacher shows the movements and says the text, the children repeat the movements.

Everyone clapped their hands -(Clap hands.)

Friendly, more fun!(Knocking feet.)

Our feet are pounding

Louder and faster.

Let's hit the knees -(Slap on knees.)

Hush, hush, hush.

Handles, handles raise -(Slowly raise hands.)

Higher, higher, higher!

Our hands are turned(Turn the hands to the right, then to the left.)

Were down again.(Lower hands.)

Spin around, spin around

And they stopped.(They stop.)

"Traffic light"

To play, you need paper circles (diameter 10 cm) - red, green and yellow - attached to sticks.

Children stand in a line and perform exercises according to the leader’s signals: they squat on a red signal, stand on a yellow signal, and march in place on a green one.

Penalty points are awarded for each mistake. The one with the fewest penalty points wins.

"Pass - get up"

Target: To instill in children a sense of camaraderie, develop dexterity, attention. Strengthen the muscles of the shoulders and back.

Game progress : The players are built in two columns, at a distance of two steps from one another. In each stand from each other at arm's length. A line is drawn in front of the columns. Two balls are placed on it. At the signal to “sit down”, everyone sits down cross-legged. At the signal “pass”, the first in the columns take the balls and pass them over their heads behind those sitting, then they stand up and turn to face the column. The one who received the ball passes it back over his head, then gets up and also turns to face the column, etc. The column that passes correctly and does not drop the ball wins.

Rules: Pass the ball only over the head and while sitting. Get up only after passing the ball behind the person sitting. The one who failed to take the ball runs after him, sits down and continues the game.

Options: Pass the ball to the right or left by turning the body.

"Find the ball"

Target: To develop in children observation, dexterity.

Game progress: All players stand in a circle close to the center. One player becomes the center, this is the speaker. The players keep their hands behind their backs. One is given a ball. Children begin to pass the ball to each other behind their backs. The driver tries to guess who has the ball. He can ask each of the players to show their hands by saying "hands". The player extends both hands forward, palms up. The one who had the ball or who dropped it stands in the middle, and the driver takes his place.

Rules: The ball is passed in any direction. The ball is passed only to a neighbor. You cannot pass the ball to a neighbor after the driver demands to show his hands.

Options: Put two balls into play. Increase the number of drivers. Give the task to the one who had the ball: jump, dance, etc.

"Flies - does not fly"

Target :

Game progress: Children stand in a circle, in the center is an instructor. He names animate and inanimate objects that fly or do not fly. Naming the object, the instructor raises his hands to the sides - up. For example, he says: “A bird flies, a chair flies, an airplane flies,” etc. Children should raise their hands to the sides - up if a flying object is named.

Option

The game can be played while walking slowly.

Entertainers»

Target: Develop in children resourcefulness, dexterity; exercise in walking in a circle, coordination of movements.

Game progress:

Children become in a circle. The teacher appoints one of the players as an entertainer. He is in the middle of the circle. Children go, as directed by the teacher, to the right or left under the following text:

In a circle, stay where you are

One after another Together together

We go step by step. Let's do it... like this

At the end of the text, the children stand at arm's length. The entertainer shows some kind of movement, and everyone standing in a circle repeats it. Then the teacher chooses someone instead of himself, and the game continues. Each entertainer himself must come up with movements and not repeat those that have already been shown before him.

"Nimble Fingers"

Target: to develop the ability for motor improvisation, motor resourcefulness, the ability to coordinate actions in the joint solution of motor tasks.

Game progress: Small objects are scattered around the hall: pieces from rubber mats, felt-tip pens, balls, plastic corks, etc. The players collect them, grabbing them with their toes (one object with their right foot, the other with their left foot), and take them in their hands.

When all the items are collected, the players sit on the floor, and each lays out some composition from what he has collected (houses, flowers, ships, forest, etc.).

It is not allowed to pick up objects from the floor with your hands.

Complication

With the right foot to collect objects in the left hand, with the left foot in the right hand.

"Be careful"

Target: increase the creative activity of children, awaken imagination, cheer up, develop composure, attentiveness, the ability to manage their emotions and actions, the skills of collective and well-coordinated activities.

Game progress: The teacher invites the children to perform all the movements that he names, but at the same time he himself can show completely different movements. For example, the teacher says: “Hands to the sides!”, raises his hands up himself, etc. The game is played for 2-3 minutes. It can be carried out both in a circle and in any other construction.

Option

Children do what the teacher shows, not what he says.

"Echo"

Target: increase the creative activity of children, awaken imagination, cheer up, develop composure, attentiveness, the ability to manage their emotions and actions, the skills of collective and well-coordinated activities.

Game progress : The players stand in a circle. The first player says his name and shows any movement (turn, clap, jump, etc.). All children in chorus repeat the name and movement three times, trying to pronounce with the same intonation as the first player. Then the next child says his name and shows the movement, everyone repeats, and so on, until all the children say their names.

"Swap Places"

Target

Game progress: Children become in a circle. The instructor offers to change places for those children who have something the same: blond hair, white T-shirts, pets, etc., for example, the instructor says: "Let those who have a bicycle change places." Children change places, etc. The game is played for 3-4 minutes.

"Who has the ball"

Target: learn to keep your back straight, strengthen your back muscles, exercise ball passing.

Game progress: The players form a circle. The leader is chosen. He stands in the center of the circle, the rest move close to each other, hands behind everyone. The teacher gives someone a ball (no more than 15 cm in diameter), and the children pass it around behind their backs. The driver tries to guess who has the ball. He says: “Hands,” and the one to whom he is addressing must put forward both hands, palms up, as if showing that he does not have the ball. If the driver guessed right, he takes the ball and stands in a circle, and whoever has the ball is found starts to drive.

sedentary games are used as an independent form of work on physical education. The purpose of sedentary games and game exercises is:

decrease in physical activity, i.e., a gradual transition from an excited state to a calmer one;

removal of general fatigue, motor tension of the muscles of the hands, flexibility and mobility of the fingers, coordination of the movements of the arms and legs;

development of mindfulness, ingenuity, memory, observation, dexterity, speed of reaction;

strengthening the cardiovascular, muscular, respiratory and other body systems;

orientation in space;

formation and consolidation of motor skills;

getting pleasure and creating a good mood;

preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children;

increased interest in physical education and healthy lifestyle.

In sedentary games, movements are performed at a slow pace, their intensity is insignificant.

Games of low mobility contribute to the development of memory, ingenuity and observation, coordination of movements, orientation in space and motor skills. In addition, they give children pleasure, create good mood, what is not less important.

Games of low mobility are held with all children simultaneously at a physical education lesson (in its third part), leisure and holidays, daytime and evening walks, in the process of physical culture minutes and physical culture pauses, and independent motor activity of children.

The specifics of this type of games are: the way children are organized (circle, loose, line, etc.), the movements that are included in the game, the method of playing the game (choosing a game, venue, preparing for the game, gathering children for the game, explaining the game, conducting game, the end of the game), the pace at which it is played (slow), the number of repetitions of movements (3-6 times).

The use of didactic games and game techniques to correct defects in the perception of space and orientation in it in children with disabilities

The problem of the group of children with disabilities is that the contingent is heterogeneous, the simultaneous assimilation of program materials is difficult, therefore, the relationship between the educator, psychologist and speech therapist is important in general corrective measures. When determining the content and stages of remedial education, as well as when developing teaching methods, one should proceed from modern ideas about the genesis, psychophysiological mechanisms of space exploration, the main patterns of the formation of sensory, cognitive abilities of children. For the formation of the most elementary knowledge about space, it is necessary to accumulate a large number of specific ideas about the objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.
The use of didactic games and game techniques to correct defects in the perception of space and orientation in it in children with disabilities is the most important prerequisite for the formation of all types of children's activities, and is also a necessary means of learning in sensory education, in the process of social adaptation and creates the basis for the successful mastery of educational activities (counting, reading, writing).
The formation of spatial representations in children of this category has a complex structure, develops in stages, passing through a long and hard way. One of the primary tasks of teaching is to enrich the child's motor experience, forming on this basis ideas about the body scheme, one's own position among the surrounding objects, the main directions of space and orientation in it help children with disabilities learn to navigate in the world around them more easily and quickly.
In the process of correctional and developmental work, such conditions are created so that children develop a mindset for success, for accepting the help of an adult. At the same time, the exercises are selected in such a way that the child can independently see his mistakes and correct them. Tasks of the educator:
- increase children's cognitive activity;
- enrich with meaningful spatial relationships;
-create an emotional mood for the upcoming independent and joint activities with the child.
Practice has shown that the use of entertaining game material for children with disabilities helps to maintain the continuity of learning to perceive space and orientate in it. Thus, the use of didactic games on the perception of space and orientation in it contributes to the personal development of a child with disabilities and the earliest possible social adaptation.

We present correctional and educational games.

Memory games:
"Draw a Figure"
The child closes his eyes, he is allowed to touch the geometric figure, then it is removed. The child must draw a figure from memory.
"Know the subject"
Purpose: development of tactile memory.
The child is blindfolded and various objects are placed in turn in his outstretched hand. At the same time, their names are not pronounced aloud, the child himself must guess that this is a thing. After a number of objects (3-10 objects) is examined, he is asked to name all these things, and in the order in which they were put into the hand. The complexity of the task lies in the fact that the child needs to perform two mental operations - recognition and memorization.
"Remembering"
The child is shown cards with geometric shapes, which they then lay out from memory.
"Learn a Poem"
The child is read a short poem or quatrain, which must be learned through as few repetitions as possible.
"Memorize Pictures"
From a set of 20-30 pictures, select 10 and present to the child for memorization for 20 seconds. Then remove, find out how many pictures the child remembered.
"Memorize the words"
Read to the child 10 simple words for memorization. Strive to memorize the list.
Games for the development of attention:
"Four forces"
At the command of the teacher, the child performs certain movements with his hands.
"EARTH" - put your hands down
"WATER" - stretch your arms forward
"AIR" - raise your hands up
"FIRE" - rotate your arms in the elbow and wrist joints.
"Guess"
For this exercise, you will need a set of cards with the image of different objects. The more varied the better. For this, subject “lotto” materials are suitable. The teacher lays out 30-40 cards in front of the child.
Instruction: “Now I will guess one of the objects depicted on the cards. Try to guess what I guessed in no more than 20 attempts. To do this, ask me questions that can only be answered with “yes” or “no.” If it is difficult for a child to understand what is at stake, tell him, “Imagine that I thought of this pencil. What questions could you ask to guess? For example, "Is it writing?" or "Is it long?" etc.
Some children try to guess by listing all the items in a row. In this case, you need to show them that this is not an effective way, and invite them to ask questions about the properties of these items. You can even give him a hint: prepare a card with points about which it makes sense to ask questions: shape (“Is it round?”), Color (“Is it red?”), Size (“Is it long?”), Weight (“Is it light? ”), function (“Is this eaten?”), material (“Is it wooden?”).
"Find the words"
Words are written on the board, in each of which you need to find another word hidden in it. For example: laughter, wolf, pillar, scythe, regiment, bison, fishing rod, stranded, set, injection, road, deer, pie, tunic.
"Find differences"
Tasks of this type require the ability to highlight the features of objects and phenomena, their details and master the operation of comparison. Systematic and purposeful teaching of comparison to schoolchildren contributes to the development of the skill of timely activation of attention, its inclusion in the regulation of activity. For comparison, children can be offered any objects, their images, pictures that differ in a certain number of details.
"Seek non-stop"
Within 10-15 seconds, see around you as many objects of the same color (or the same size, shape, material, etc.) as possible. On a signal, one child begins the enumeration, the others complete it.
For the development of thinking:
"Help the Artist"
Didactic task: to teach children to create images based on a schematic image.
The teacher informs the children that one artist could not complete the picture and asked the children to help him finish the work. The teacher shows the children a schematic representation of a person and says that now they will all help the artist together. The guys will come up with how this picture can be completed, and the teacher will draw everything that the children come up with. The teacher consistently asks the children questions: who is drawn here (boy or girl?)? What color eyes, hair? How is he dressed, what is he carrying in his hands? Etc. Children answer in different ways, an adult discusses the answers with them and chooses the most interesting ones. The educator uses the most interesting answers when completing the picture, gradually turning the diagram into a drawing.
When the drawing is ready, you can invite the children to come up with a story about the drawn little man. If children find it difficult, you should help them with leading questions.
"Making proposals"
Initial letters are given (for example, B-C-E-P), each of which represents the beginning of words in a sentence. It is necessary to form various sentences, for example, "The whole family ate a pie."
"Who will name more signs"
The host calls the object of the environment, and the players in turn must, without repeating themselves, name as many signs as possible that are characteristic of this object. The one who names the last sign wins.
For the development of the imagination:
"How it can be used"
The teacher names a common subject. For example "book". The child comes up with as many ways to use it.
"Letters"
The teacher gives the child pictures with drawn letters, the child draws each letter to some object.
"Magic blots"
The child examines the blots and imagines what each of them looks like. You can also draw blots to different objects.
Bibliographic list:
1. Gurovets G.V., Lenok Ya.Ya. "Correctional-developing games as a teaching method in special pedagogy" / G.V. Gurovets, Ya.Ya. Lenok. J. Defectology, 1996. - No. 3. – 77 p.
2. Kataeva A.A., Strebeleva E.A. " Didactic games and exercises in teaching mentally retarded preschoolers”/ A.A. Kataeva, E.A. Strebelev. - M.: Book-Master, 1993. - p. 100-118
3. Levchenko I.Yu., Prikhodko O.G. "Technologies for teaching and educating children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system" / I.Yu. Levchenko, O.G. Prikhodko. - M.: Academy, 2001. - p. 102-103.
4. Loginova V.I., Samorukova P.G. "Preschool Pedagogy" / V.I. Smirnova. St. Petersburg "Childhood-Press", 2003. - 62, 100, 106 p.

State educational public institution of the Irkutsk region "Special (correctional) boarding school No. 33 in Bratsk"

Correction-developing mobile

games for children with disabilities (HIA)

physical culture teacher

Okoryak E.V.

Correction-developing mobile

games for children with disabilities (HIA)

A game is a historically established social phenomenon, an independent type of activity characteristic of a person. The game can be a means of self-knowledge, entertainment, recreation, a means of physical and general social education, a means of sports. Games are a treasure trove of human culture. Their variety is huge. They reflect all areas of material and spiritual creativity of people. Naturally, many branches of knowledge have been and are engaged in the study of games: history, ethnography, anthropology, pedagogy, theory and methodology of physical education, etc.

Outdoor games have health-improving, educational and educational value.

Purposeful emotional game load has a stimulating effect on the body of a mentally retarded child and, more than other means, corresponds to the satisfaction of the natural need for movement. An outdoor game not only counteracts hypokinesia, but also helps to restore lost health, strengthen all body functions, and develop physical abilities.

In outdoor games, familiar and accessible types of natural movements are used: walking, running, climbing, climbing, jumping, exercises with the ball, they do not have complex techniques and tactics, and the rules can always be changed according to the physical and intellectual capabilities of the child. The desire to play is the main stimulus that encourages the child to play activities. It is noticed that

during the game, children willingly and with interest do what seems uninteresting and difficult outside the game, so mental and emotional problems are more easily overcome in the game.

The special value of outdoor games for children with mental retardation lies in the possibility of simultaneous impact on the motor and mental spheres. The rapid change of game situations places increased demands on the mobility of nervous processes, the speed of reaction and non-standard actions. Games make you think the most economically, react to the actions of partners, adapt to the situation. The playing child has to choose and perform one of the many operations, which, in his opinion, can bring success. The more diverse information enters the brain, the more intensely mental processes are activated. That is why, with the help of the game, a child with mental retardation develops perception, thinking, attention, imagination, memory, motor skills, speech, increasing mental activity, and, consequently, cognitive activity in general.

This effect is achieved due to the semi-functionality of outdoor games, when the correction of motor disorders (spatial orientation, accuracy, rhythm, coordination of movements, balance, etc.) initiates active activity of the brain, intact analyzers, mental functions, vegetative systems that provide movement. This relationship is especially pronounced in the implementation of interdisciplinary connections, when purposeful motor actions organized in the form of game compositions, relay races, role-playing and simulation games performed to the accompaniment of poems, riddles, nursery rhymes, tongue twisters, with the solution of the simplest mathematical puzzles

dachas, facilitate the assimilation of counting, concepts of quantity, shape, size, direction, amplitude; activate speech activity, correct sound pronunciation; enrich vocabulary, develop memory, attention, motor skills of small muscles of the hands.

It is known that mentally retarded children lag behind in the development of spiritual interests and needs. Therefore, she play activity, which arouses interest in children and contains the necessary components of personality development, is a means of spiritual development. In the game, relationships are formed between children, habits, rules of behavior are developed. Children get to know each other more, interact with each other, learn simple game situations, show independence, imitate, rejoice, fantasize, that is, in the game there is an active formation of personality, which is of great social importance. When choosing mobile games, it is important to consider emotional condition, character, behavior of children. The state of a mentally retarded child is unstable. Emotional stress, fatigue can cause internal discomfort, which is more often expressed in behavioral disorders, whims, quarrels, fights. Sometimes they can cause reverse reactions: passivity, unwillingness to make contact. You can overcome emotional stress with the help of outdoor games.

When preparing for outdoor games, the teacher should consider the following points:

Outdoor games involve options for complication, but the process of saturation with motor actions should be carried out gradually as simple forms of movements are mastered;

During the game, it is necessary to stimulate cognitive activity, activate mental processes, creativity and imagination of the child.

Preparation for an outdoor game begins with its choice. It is important to take into account the composition of the group, age, medical indications, the number of participants, conditions, place and form of the game. For example, morning exercises can be carried out to music in the form of gaming simulation exercises, each of which has its own name: “Horse”, “Strongmen”, “Birch”, “Spring”, etc. Mobile games on the water must be accompanied by good weather conditions and absolute safety. When conducting sports festival its script must be prepared in advance with a description of the content and sequence of outdoor games, relay races, obstacle courses, sports games included in the program, with the appointment of those responsible for holding each game.

The choice of games and the methodology for conducting them are dictated primarily by the degree of restriction of the child's mobility, his physical and mental capabilities. This takes into account the true age, corresponding to the level of development of the child at the moment.

The organization of children in the game is an important condition for its successful progress. Games are interesting if the teams are equal in strength. This is a difficult task for the leader, since children with different motor abilities and different ages usually take part in the game. You should focus on the individual capabilities of each child, while taking into account his personal desire to enter a particular team.

The success of the game largely depends on how well the children understood its content and rules. A brief figurative explanation of the plot, supplemented by a show, is given by the presenter when the players are already divided into teams and are in the starting position (in a circle, in columns, etc.). The host takes a place not in the center of the circle, but among the players or on a dais so that everyone can see and hear him.

Any game is preceded by an explanation, which is given in the following sequence:

name of the game;

the roles of the players and their location on the playground;

the rules and course of the game;

determination of the winner.

Screams, joys, freedom of expression of feelings, cheering on the fans, the general noise is a natural accompaniment to an outdoor game. At the end of her children also emotionally accept their victory or defeat. It is very important for the leader to give all participants a fair assessment. Bias always causes negative emotions and even resentment.

You need to finish the game on time. Its delay can lead to loss of interest in children. A sudden stop is also undesirable. After the end of the game, the winners are announced, the best can be appointed to the role of captain, driver or assistant referee in the next game. At the same time, it is necessary to note the individual successes and those who lost, which encourages them to further participate in the games.

One of the important tasks of the head of the game is the dosing of the load. Due to the high emotional saturation of the game, children cannot always control their state, which can result in overexcitation or fatigue, the symptoms of which are frequent violation of the rules by the players, their inattention, passivity, inaccurate movements, and rapid breathing. In such cases, it is necessary to either reduce the load or take the child out of the game, and, if necessary, provide first aid and consult a doctor.

You can adjust the load during the game different ways: reducing the duration of the game, introducing breaks for rest, changing the number of players, reducing the playing field, changing the rules, changing the roles of the players, switching to another game.

Thus, in the organization and methodology of outdoor games, a number of successive stages of preparation can be distinguished.

Game selection. It depends on the corrective tasks and age features children, their degree of preparedness and the number of participants. When choosing a game, weather conditions, the venue, the presence of assistants and the desire of the children themselves are also taken into account.

Preparing the place for the game. First of all, you need to take precautions and clean the playground. It is better to choose a clearing or a lawn with low grass for the game. If the games are played in the forest, on rough terrain or on the water, you should familiarize yourself with the territory in advance and outline the boundaries.

Inventory preparation . inventory needs to be considered

and prepare ahead of time. Flags, ribbons, balls should be selected colorful and noticeable. Any devices, tools for giving sound signals must be prepared in a timely manner: bells, whistles, bells, sounded balls (with a bell placed inside), etc. for blind and visually impaired children. Even cones, pebbles, acorns, shells can be used for games and relay races.

Site marking. Many games are played on sports grounds. If the markup takes a lot of time, then it is better to do it before the start of the game. Borders should be clearly defined; colored paper, garlands, ropes can be used as limiters. The boundary line is drawn no closer than three meters from obstacles: walls, trees, stumps, etc.

Arrangement of players . Before starting the game, it is necessary to indicate the starting position to the players so that they can clearly see and hear the leader, who should not be in the center of the circle, since in this case half of the players will be behind him. When explaining, it is necessary to make sure that the children do not face the sun - they will not see the leader well.

Explanation of the rules and the course of the game . The definition of roles, players and their location, as well as the content and rules of the game, should be figurative, understandable, logical and consistent. Depending on the plot, it can be presented in a fascinating fairy-tale form. In games with children with visual, hearing, and intellect defects, the explanation is accompanied by a demonstration of all movements with preliminary trial playback, since misunderstanding of the rules can adversely affect the perception of the game.

Appointment of leaders. Fulfilling the duties of a driver has a serious educational impact on the child. Therefore, it is desirable that as many children as possible be in this role. Leaders can be assigned different ways: choose at the request of the children, by lot, identify those who wish, etc. The listed methods should be alternated depending on the task, external conditions, the nature of the game, the number of players and their mood.

Team distribution. The organization of a team game or relay race with elements of competition requires division into teams that are approximately equal in strength. It is especially important to do this if children with different motor defects participate in the game. The composition of the teams in each game may change, but the desire of the children themselves must be taken into account.

Refereeing . Objective and accurate refereeing is of particular importance in games with division into teams (relay races, transitional to sports and sports), where rivalry is clearly manifested and each team is interested in winning. Judge takes comfortable spot to see all the participants and not interfere with them. In case of violations of the rules of the game, he intervenes in a timely manner. The results of the game depend on the objectivity of refereeing.

Load dosage . Depending on the age, the main defect, the psychophysical state of the children and the tasks of the game, the load in the games can be insignificant, moderate, tonic or developing (training). The individual impact of the game is easy to determine by heart rate, and the load can be adjusted by the time of the game, a decrease or increase in the general mobility of the participants, the inclusion of rest intervals, the total number of games in one lesson, their alternation, etc.

Game over. The game stops as soon as the players show the first signs of fatigue and interest decreases. The leader must constantly monitor the condition of the players in order to respond in time to any changes. The duration of the game also depends on its nature, conditions and composition of the players. Since the fatigue of the players does not occur at the same time, it is quite possible for the tired players to end the game early.

Summarizing. Many games and game tasks are not of a competitive nature, so summing up is an analysis of both the game as a whole and the success of each child. When the results of the game are announced, a brief analysis of the game and an analysis of errors are given. Children are also involved in such an analysis, this contributes to the development of observation, clarification of the rules of the game, and teaches them to comprehend actions and conscious discipline.

The quality of the organization and conduct of the game- from choice to completion - depends on the psychological readiness of an adult for this activity, his pedagogical knowledge, experience and ability to communicate with children.

If the leader (teacher, counselor, volunteer) is just starting his pedagogical activity, then he should write down the content and rules for organizing a new game on a card in advance, which will allow him to better remember the game and feel confident during it, especially if there are recitatives in the game. All poems, counting rhymes, tongue twisters, nursery rhymes, riddles must be well learned.

But one of the main tasks of the leader is to be able to enter the children's team, to find the key to the heart of each child, to get used to the sphere of play activities. Sometimes he can join the game himself. This is important in cases where it is necessary to establish contact or show an example of the ability to play. Such participation inspires confidence in the teacher, who can enter the children's world of play, remaining a fair and authoritative judge.

Sincerity and goodwill, cheerfulness and openness, empathy and the ability to help, notice success - these are the qualities that attract children, cause them sympathy and respect for adults, and sometimes are the main motive for participating in the game.

Igrobank

"Repeat, make no mistake"

Target: development of attention, speed of reaction; accumulation of quantity and clarification of the meaning of words denoting action.

Instruction. The children stand in a circle. The leader slowly performs simple hand movements (forward, up, sideways, down). Children must perform the same movements as the leader. The one who makes the mistake is out. The last one left wins.

Options

Simple movements can be replaced with more complex ones, including leg and torso movements, asymmetric movements (right arm up, left arm forward), etc.

The presenter, simultaneously with showing the movement, calls the name of one of the players, who must repeat this movement, and the rest of the players are watching. The leader pronounces the movement (hands up), and at this moment performs another action (hands down). Children must we perform the movement according to the leader's display, not paying attention to his knocking down commands.

4. For each movement, the host calls a word (for example, a pen, an airplane, a ball, a sparrow, etc.). Children should perform only those movements that are accompanied by the names of a flying object (sparrow, airplane).

Methodical instructions. During the game, the leader needs to ensure that all children see him equally well.

"What's Missing"

Target: activation of mental processes: perception, attention, memory.

The optimal number of players is 5-10.

Inventory: several items (toys, skittles, hoops, rope, etc.).

Instruction. On the playground, the leader lays out 4-5 items. Children examine objects for one minute, trying to remember them. Then, on command, the children stand with their backs to the playground, and the leader at this time removes one of the items. The children turn and name the missing object. The one who makes the fewest mistakes wins.

Options

Increase the number of items

Reduce the time for memorizing items.

Remove two items.

Methodical instructions. For the game, you should select items that are familiar to children.

"Know a Friend"

Target: development of tactile sensations, auditory attention, memory, ability to navigate in space.

Number of players 8-12.

Inventory: eye patches.

Instruction. Half of the children are blindfolded and allowed to walk around the playground. Then they are invited, without removing the bandages, to find and recognize each other. You can recognize with the help of hands - feeling hair, clothes. Then, when the friend is recognized, the players switch roles.

Option: if the player cannot recognize the other child by touch, it may be suggested that they try to recognize them by their voice.

Guidelines. Care should be taken that the playground is absolutely level, otherwise blindfolded children will feel insecure.

"Zoo"

Target: activation of speech activity, expansion of the vocabulary and concepts on the topic "animals", development of skills in imitation of sounds and movements.

The number of players is 8-15.

Inventory: hoop or chalk.

Instruction. Children choose the role of any animal. For the youngest children, the teacher assigns roles. Each "beast" sits in its own "cage" - in a hoop or circle drawn on the floor (ground). There may be several animals in a cage - monkeys, hares, geese, etc.

Unemployed children stand behind the teacher, put their hands on the belt of the one in front, that is, they get on the “train”, and “go for a walk to the zoo”. Approaching the “cage”, the teacher asks: “What animal lives in this cage?” The “animals” sitting there must show with movements, facial expressions, sounds who they represent, and the sightseers who have arrived guess the animals. And so - from cell to cell. The children who most successfully portrayed animals are encouraged. Then the sightseers and former "animals" together with the teacher, taking each other by the belt and raising their knees high, represent the train and go home.

Option: On the way home, the children sing a song:

Here our train is going, the locomotive is buzzing. Far, far away he took the guys. Ooh-ooh-ooh-ooh-ooh.

But here is the stop, the children stop, saying “shhhh”, lower their hands and calmly walk (run) during the train stop, pick flowers in the clearing (bend over, squat). At a signal, everyone runs so as not to be late for the train, and stand in a column, again depicting cars: they walk, raising their knees high, and sing a couplet.

Methodical instructions. This game can be repeated 2-3 times.

"Shaggy Dog"

Target: activation of speech activity, development of memory and speed of reaction, formation of the ability to imitate animals (dog).

Instruction. A "dog" is chosen from among the players. He sits aside. Other children slowly walk towards him, saying:

Here sits a shaggy dog, with his nose buried in his paws. Quietly, peacefully, he sits, either dozing, or sleeping. Let's go up to him, wake him up and see what will happen?

Children quietly approach and clap their hands. "Dog" jumps up, growls, barks and catches children. The caught player becomes the driving "dog".

Methodical instructions. This game is very intense, so you need to make sure that the children do not get overexcited.

"Touch to..."

Target: the formation of a child's ideas about the color, shape, size and other properties of objects, the development of reaction speed.

The number of players can be any.

Instruction. All players are dressed differently. The host shouts out: "Touch the ... blue!" Players must instantly orient themselves, find something blue in the clothes of the participants in the game and touch this color. The colors change every time, whoever did not have time to react in time becomes the leader.

Options

You can name not only colors, but also shapes or sizes of objects. For example, "Touch ... round", "Touch ... small!"

It is also possible to complicate the command by combining color and shape, etc., for example, “Touch the red square!”

Children can “look for answers” ​​not only in clothes, but also among toys and equipment.

Methodical instructions. The leader should give the children only those tasks that are really feasible, that is, the objects should be in the field of view of the players.

"Building Numbers"

Target: the development of elementary mathematical concepts, the ability to navigate in space, organization.

The number of players can be any.

Instruction. Players move freely around the clearing or playground. The facilitator explains: “I will count to 10, and during this time you should line up all together in the number 1 (2, 3, 4, etc.).” The children are doing the task.

Options

1. Children are located according to the numbers previously drawn on the floor.

If the children complete the task quickly, they can count faster, thus reducing the construction time.

Leading condition / sleeping task: “While I count to 10, you will add (subtract) in your mind and build the number together- answer. For example: 1+1,2-1". Children must build the numbers 2, 1.

Methodical instructions. The first game needs to be done as a trial game, explaining and showing in detail all the actions.

"Find a Letter"

Target: learning letters, syllables, words; development in children of speed of reaction, memory.

Number of players 8- 10.

Inventory: two stands with hooks, cards with loops depicting letters of the alphabet.

Instruction. Children are divided into two teams. At the signal of the leader, the first players of each team run up to the stand, in the lower part of which there are “letters”. They choose the first letter of the alphabet - A - and hang it on the stand. Then they run back to their team. The second players do the same, but they post the second letter of the alphabet - B - and so on. The team that finishes the relay first and makes the fewest mistakes wins.

Options

Instead of running, you can perform any other tasks.

At the beginning of the relay, each team is given a set of letters (for example, d, a, w, I). Children, after conferring, together must make a word from the received letters, distribute the letters among themselves and line up. When both teams are ready, the relay begins. Each team must post their word on the stand.

Guidelines

Each of the proposed game options should be focused on the age for which the game is available.

In the first option, when playing with building the alphabet, the help of children and the leader is possible. Everyone speaks the next letter aloud in unison, and the player must her find.

"Cat and Sparrows"

Target: development of speed of reaction, balance, the ability of children to imitate. Number of players 6-14.

Inventory: mobile support (log), hoop.

Number of players 10-15.

Instruction. Two players - "fishermen" - take each other's hands, forming a "net". All others are fish. "Fishermen" catch "fish" with a "net". Caught children take hands with the "fishermen", increasing the "net". The game continues until there are two uncaught "fish" left. They are winners.

Instruction. On one side of the playground, children are standing on a log. These are "sparrows" on "perches". A player sits on the side - "cat". He's sleeping. The host says: “Sparrows, fly!” Sparrows jump off the perches and, spreading their wings and chirping (chiv-chiv-chiv), scatter in all directions. At the signal "The cat is coming!" "cat", meowing, catches "sparrows". You can escape from the "cat" only by jumping onto your perch. The winner is the "sparrow" who has never fallen into the clutches of the "cat".

Options

Instead of a log, you can use a hoop by standing on one leg in it.

"Sparrows" can not just fly around the site, but "swim" or "peck crumbs" in pre-marked places, located very close to the sleeping "cat".

Guidelines

The game should be repeated several times. The “cat” (leader) becomes the most dexterous and fastest “sparrow”.

This game is especially loved by preschoolers and elementary school children.

"Seine"

Target: improvement of coordination of movements, formation of the ability to conduct joint actions with a partner, development of accuracy of movements Option : the same game, but with the recitative that the "fishermen" say before they start catching the "fish":

The fish swims in the water, the fish is fun to play. Fish-fish, mischievous, We want to catch you.

During the recitative, the "fish" swim, performing various smooth movements with their hands. After the words “We want to catch you”, the “fish” scatter across the clearing, and the “fishermen” catch them.

Guidelines

You can’t catch with a “broken net”, that is, unhook your hands.

"Fishermen" should not grab "fish" by the hands or clothes.

Outdoor games for mentally retarded older children.

"Hot Stone"

Target: the development of attention in children, the ability to navigate in space, the differentiation of muscle efforts, the interaction of motor and visual analyzers, the formation of skills for collective interaction.

At least three players take part in the game.

Inventory: referee's whistle, balls of different diameters.

Instruction. All players form a circle at a distance outstretched hand from each other, facing inside the circle. Each player is given a ball. At the signal of the leader, those who play with an accurate pass with both hands begin to pass the balls into the hands of the neighbor standing on the right and catch the balls that the players on the left pass to them, until the game is stopped by the leader. The game stops if:

the player drops the ball;

one of the players is in the hands of more than one ball;

a player inaccurately passes the ball to a neighbor, and he cannot catch it.

The participant who made a mistake takes one ball with him and leaves the playing circle. The player who makes a mistake first is out of the game. If several players make a mistake at the same time, they all leave the game. The game stops on the whistle of the leader, and he decides who is eliminated from the game. The last two participants advance to the final. They stand facing each other at a distance of 3-4 meters. At the signal of the leader, the player passes the ball to the partner with a pass with two hands from the chest along an arcuate trajectory, the other with a pass with two hands from below. The first person to make a mistake loses. If the game is resumed, then the winner of the previous game has the right to make a mistake once and remain in the game.

Options

Players may be in a seated position.

Medicine balls may be used.

You can use combinations of balls of different weights and diameters.

Guidelines

1 . When learning the game:

At the beginning of the game, every second player must have the ball.
participant.

2. During the game:

the host should draw the attention of the participants to the need for an accurate pass to a neighbor;

in anticipation of a pass, you should keep your hands in front of your chest.

"Bowling alley"

Target: development of an eye, accuracy, differentiation of muscle efforts, the formation of skills of collective interaction, the cultivation of a sense of responsibility for the result of a common activity, perseverance in achieving a goal.

Number of players 10-12.

Inventory: referee's whistle, skittles, basketballs, chalk.

Instruction. On a platform with a hard, even surface, two parallel lines are drawn at a distance of 6 meters from one another. All participants are divided into teams, 5-6 people each. Teams line up in columns one at a time on the first line, facing the second line. The distance between teams is 3-4 meters. The team member standing first takes the ball. The player in this position is called the "thrower". On the second line opposite each team, a skittle is set. One team member stands behind the second line opposite the pins facing his team. The player in this position is called the "server". On the referee's signal, the "thrower" directs the ball towards the pin, trying to knock it down. If the thrower misses, the "server" catches the ball and throws it to the "thrower". The “server” at the time of the pass must be behind the line on which the pin stands. The thrower repeats attempts to knock down the pin until it is knocked down. Until this moment, he does not have the right to intercede for the line on which he stands.

If the pin is knocked down, the “server” catches the ball, places it on the pin line, runs to his team and becomes the last in the column. The “thrower” runs to the knocked down pin, sets it up, takes the ball, throws it to the first person in the column and becomes the “server”.

The game stops when in one of the teams the last participant (the first "server") knocks down the pin, sets it in place, passes the ball to the first "thrower" and returns to the column. The last "server" must also take his place in the column. As soon as all team members take their place in the column, the player standing first raises the ball up.

Methodical instructions. It is necessary to monitor the observance of the order in the teams. It is advisable to recommend that the participants do not throw, but roll the ball around the court, while throwing the ball with both hands.

"Circular bouncer"

Target: development of accuracy of movements, dexterity, speed of motor reaction, formation of skills of collective interaction.

Inventory: referee's whistle, volleyball.

Instruction. All participants in the game form a circle, facing the center. Two players stand in the center of the circle. One of them is the "target", the other is the "defender". The task of the players is to pass the ball to each other, to tarnish the "target". The task of the "defender" is to protect the "target" by hitting all the balls thrown by the participants. The task of the "target" is to avoid being hit by hiding behind the "defender". The player who manages to hit the "target" takes the place of the "defender". The previous “defender” becomes the “target”, and the “knocked down target” takes a place among the participants.

Option: with a large number of participants in the game, two balls and two “defenders”, three balls and three “defenders”, etc. can be used.

Methodical instructions. It should be recommended to pass the ball to the player standing behind the “target” so that the “defender” cannot hit it. The ball must be passed as quickly as possible so that the "defender" does not have time to take an advantageous position for the defense.

"Fifteen repeats"

Target: development of speed qualities, dexterity, speed of decision making.

The number of players is not limited.

Inventory: referee whistle.

Instruction. All participants are evenly distributed over the area limited by the lines. A leader is chosen from among them. At the signal of the leader, the “leader” tries to tarnish one of the participants in the game. Running away from the "leader", the player can perform any movement (stands, jumps, rotations, etc.). Before tarnishing the participant, the "leader" is obliged to repeat all his actions. If the evader does not have time to perform a new movement, then he can be tarnished. This participant becomes the "leader", but he cannot tarnish the previous "leader".

methodical instructions. Throughout the game, players do not have the right to leave the playing area.

Outdoor games with fitball

Fitball - This is a large elastic ball that can withstand weight up to 300 kilograms. Fitball games contribute to the formation of a muscular corset, correction of spinal deformities, relaxation (due to vibration) of spastic muscles, development of balance and coordination of movements, form motor skills, positively affect the emotional and volitional sphere.

"Hot Ball"

Target: the formation of a vertical posture in a sitting position, the development of balance, coordination of movements, attention.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. Children sit in a circle and, on command, begin to pass the fitball from hand to hand clockwise. On command "Stop!" the ball comes to rest on a player who is out of the game. The game continues until there is only one child left - the winner.

Options

At the command of the host, the direction of the transfer of the fitball changes.

With a large number of players in the game, two fitballs are used.

Methodical instructions. The facilitator should remind the children about posture.

"Two Sheep"

Target: development of balance, coordination of movements, formation of a muscular corset.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. Two people play. The teacher marks the “bridge” with a line, on which the battle of “two sheep” takes place. Two children sit on fitballs and try to push a partner off the ball or off the "bridge". The strongest wins, and the next participants are invited to the "bridge".

Guidelines. The host stands next to the players, insuring them from falling from the fitball.

« Funny ball"

Target: formation of a vertical posture in a sitting position, the skill of correct posture, spatial orientation, speech.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. 5-6 people play in the starting position, sitting in a circle in Turkish. Children, pronouncing poems about the ball, roll the fitball from one to another in an arbitrary direction:

You roll, merry ball, quickly, quickly on your hands, Whoever has a merry ball, He will sing a song to us.

Methodical instructions. The leader must monitor the correct posture of the children.

"Long Legs, Short Legs"

Target: strengthening the abdominal muscles, legs, developing attention.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. Sitting on the floor, in support with your hands behind (or on a fitball). At the command of the teacher "Long legs!" children straighten their legs and lift them up. At the command "Short legs!" children raise their legs bent at the knees.

Options

If the child is not sitting steadily enough, you can perform the task while lying on your back on the floor.

You can perform the task on the fitball.

Methodical instructions. The host stands next to the players, insuring them from falling from the fitball.

"Forbidden Movement"

Target: development of attention, coordination of movements and spatial orientation.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. The game is played in the starting position lying down. The teacher designates “Forbidden movement”, for example, a fitball in hands lowered down. Children repeat all the movements of the teacher, except for the “forbidden” one. The one who made a mistake is out of the game, only one winning child remains.

Option: the game can be performed in the initial position, sitting or standing, depending on the motor abilities of the child.

methodical instructions. The children who have left the game sit on the gymnastic bench with the correct posture.

"Hunter and Ducks"

Target: strengthening the muscles of the trunk, shoulder and pelvic girdle, developing coordination of movements of the arms and legs.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. Two stripes on the floor are designated "lake" on one side of the hall, and "reeds" on the other. A hunter sits in the "reeds". Children - "ducks" in the position on all fours push the fitball with their heads from the "lake" to the "reeds". The teacher says the following words:

Come on, ducks, who is faster To swims to the reeds, The most dexterous for the victory They will give sweets for dinner.

That “duck” wins, which will quickly get from the “lake” to the “reeds”.

Methodical instructions. The leader awards the winner.

"Okay"

Target: development fine motor skills, balance, coordination of movements, attention.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. Children sit on fitballs in pairs, opposite each other. At the command of the teacher, then simultaneously, then alternately come into contact with the palms of the partner.

Methodical instructions. The facilitator should remind the children about the correct posture.

"Dragon bites tail"

Target: the formation of a vertical posture in a standing position and when walking, the development of spatial orientation and attention.

Number of players 5-6.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. Children stand behind each other and hold on tightly to the one in front. In the hands of the first child, the fitball is the “dragon's head”, the last child is the “tail”. The “head” must catch the “tail” by touching it with the ball.

Methodical indications. The “head” must catch the “tail” by touching it with the ball so that the “dragon body” does not burst.

"Hop Stop"

Target: development of concentration of attention, coordination of movements, walking skill.

Inventory: fitball.

Instruction. Children walk in a circle, hitting the ball from the floor. At the signal "Stop!" stop, at the signal "Hop!" - moving forward. The one who makes a mistake is out of the game. The most attentive is the winner.

Option : Moe/set is played both clockwise and counterclockwise.

Methodical instructions. The leader must monitor the posture of the children.

« Relay race with fitballs "

Target: development of speed of reaction, speed of movement, attention, coordination of movements, differentiation of efforts.

Inventory: fitballs, rack.

Instruction. The game is played in the form of a relay race. At the starting line, all players line up in two columns. On command, the first begin to move forward, beating the fit-ball off the floor. They run to the wall (rack), catch the ball, come back, pass it to the next in the team. The team that finishes first wins.

Options

Football is played with the right hand, on the way back- left.

Two people start in each team and during the movement they pass the fitball (ball) to each other.

Movement is carried out in one direction facing forward, backward- back forward.

methodical instructions. When moving backwards, carry out insurance.

Games that form the ability to remember the order of the number of objects

This group of games not only forms motor skills, but also contributes to the development of logical thinking and imagination, helps to adapt to life situations. Such games are based on the use of circuit training, where all exercises are performed in "station" with a certain number of repetitions. For children with cerebral palsy, the circuit training method is simplified and presented as a complex role-playing games, including exercises with the manipulation of objects, unobtrusive performance of movements, which under normal conditions are mastered with great difficulty. Such games can be invented by yourself, depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the availability of inventory. An ordinary activity with children can always be turned into a fairy tale.

"Journey"

Target: development of imagination, fantasy, consolidation of motor skills.

Instruction. The hall is prepared in advance, each item in it receives a specific name, which is used during the journey.

Gymnastic wall - "Ship". The child has the right to move on it in any way, but it is impossible to stand on the floor.

Hoops - "Islands". If the islands are close to each other - the child makes a jump, if the distance is large - a jump to the island from foot to foot.

Basketball hoop - "Key to Open Doors" To continue the journey, you need to hit the ball in the ring.

Rope - "Lianes". You need to get up from a sitting position, holding the rope and moving your hands.

Targets for throwing on the walls - "Beasts of Prey". You need to hit the target with a tennis ball, if you miss, the attempt is repeated.

An inclined bench placed on a gymnastic wall (third rail from the bottom) - "Bridges to the ship". You need to pull yourself up and get on the ship.

Three benches together - "River Crossing". The child should crawl on all fours backwards.

Gate between two gymnastic benches - "Reconnaissance". It is necessary to crawl, trying not to touch the gate.

The players begin their journey With any station. The winner is not the one who finishes the distance first, but the one who successfully copes with obstacles.

Guidelines

At the end of the game, the children must exchange their impressions, and the leader determines the best traveler and appoints him to the next lesson as a captain. This approach forms the child's desire for the qualitative implementation of each instruction, which leads to an imperceptible, painless mastering of motor skills.

You can use not only stations of motor actions, but also stations of riddles, sayings, drawings, crossword puzzles, guessed together with parents.

MOBILE GAMES FOR WALKS

Walks in the forest or in the park are especially useful. During the walk, you can combine walking with outdoor games and entertainment, swimming, air and sunbathing.

To make the walk fun and interesting, you can organize games that do not require special equipment, a special platform. Having only volleyball or tennis balls with you, you can hold a wide variety of games and relay races.

"Fifteen Balls"

Target: development of dexterity, ability to navigate in space, accuracy and speed of movements. The number of players can be any. Inventory: ball.

Instruction. All players are randomly located on the lawn or clearing, in the center - the driver with the ball in his hand. On a signal, the game begins: the driver must spot any player with the ball, who then becomes the driver himself. Play 6-8 minutes.

Methodical instructions. If children remain interested in this game, it can be repeated after a short break.

"Circular bast"

Target: development of dexterity, a sense of distance, accuracy and speed of movement.

Number of players 6-15.

Inventory: ball.

Instruction. Two drivers are outside the boundaries of the conditional site at a distance of 10-12 meters, all the rest are in the center of the site. Drivers, throwing the ball to each other, try to tarnish those who are on the court. Those who are hit by the ball are out of the game, but those players who caught the ball can help them out. The winner is the one who is the last to remain on the court. The two who are the first to leave the game become the drivers.

Methodical instructions. They play 3-4 times, with short breaks for rest.

"Snake"

Target: development of coordination of collective actions, the ability to navigate in space.

Number of players 6-7.

Instruction. 5-6 participants, holding each other, line up in a column - a “snake”. The driver stands in front of the "snake" and tries to tarnish the latter. The one standing in the "neck" first - the captain - blocks the way for the driver:

spreads his arms wide, puts up barriers, performs various movements with his torso. "Snake" follows the captain and helps to block the path of the driver. If the driver has stained the player closing the column, he becomes the captain, and the stained player becomes the driver.

Methodical instructions. The game can be repeated several times, with short breaks for rest.

"Kick on the ball"

Target: development of balance and accuracy of movements, a sense of space in the absence of visual control. The number of players can be any.

Inventory: volleyball.

Instruction. IN A volleyball is placed six paces from the player. The driver is blindfolded with a handkerchief. Then, after turning 360°, he should approach the ball And kick him with your foot. Play in turn several times. The one who wins large quantity hit the ball once.

Methodical instructions. The place for the game should be chosen even, without ditches, bushes or stumps.

"Cones, acorns, nuts"

Target: development of attention, speed of reaction, accuracy of movements.

The number of players is more than six.

Instruction. The players stand in threes, one after the other, facing the center, where the driver stands. The first in triplets are “bumps”, the second are “acorns”, the third are “nuts”. On a signal, the driver pronounces any of the three names, for example, “nuts”. All playing "nuts" should change places. The driver seeks to stand in any vacant seat. If he succeeds, then the player left without a place becomes the driver.

You can shout out two names and even three. The winner is the one who has never been a driver.

Methodical instructions. At the request of the children, this game can be played several times.

"Fish, birds, animals"

Target: development of speed of reaction, attention, vocabulary enrichment.

The number of players can be any.

Inventory: volleyball or tennis ball.

Instruction. All players become a semicircle at a distance of 4-5 meters from the driver, who is holding a volleyball or tennis ball in his hands. The driver, throwing a ball to one of the players, pronounces one of three words: “fish”, “birds”, “animals”. If, for example, the word “fish” is named, the player must catch the ball, take a step forward and immediately return it to the driver, quickly naming any fish, for example, say: “Pike”. Anyone who does not have time to give the right answer or repeats it is out of the game. The winner is the one who did not make a single mistake. The winner becomes the leader.

Methodical instructions. The game is repeated 2-3 times.

"Volleyball in a circle"

Target: mastering the elementary skills of passing the ball, developing the accuracy of movements.

The number of players can be any.

Inventory: volleyball.

Instruction. The players stand in a circle and begin to pass the ball to each other in any way, as in volleyball. Anyone who could not receive or pass the ball receives a penalty point. The one with the fewest penalty points wins.

Methodical instructions. At the request of the participants, the game can be repeated 2-Zraza.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Afopkina E.Yu., Afonkina A.S. Rope games. SPb., 1997.

Bedarev G. Games and entertainment. M., 1985.

Berdykhova Ya. Mom, dad, take care of me. M., 1990.

Besova M.A. At school and on vacation. Educational games for children from 6 to 10. Yaroslavl, 1997.

Boguslavskaya Z.M., Smirnova E.O. Educational games for children of primary preschool age. M., 1991.

Byleeva L.V., Yakovlev V.G. Outdoor games. M., 1974.

Vavilova E.N. Learn to run, jump, climb, throw. M., 1983.

Vasilkov G.A., Vasilkov V.G. From game to sport. M., 1985.

Vasin Yu.G. Physical exercise is the basis of obesity prevention. Kyiv, 1989.

Volkova G.A. Game activity in the elimination of stuttering in preschoolers. M., 1983.

Vygodskaya I.G., Pellinger E.L., Uspenskaya L.I. Elimination of stuttering in preschoolers in the game. M., 1984.

Gavripa S.E., Kutyavina N.L. and others. We develop hands - to learn and write, and draw beautifully. Yaroslavl, 1997.

Geller E.M., Korotkoe I.M. Fun starts. M., 1978.

Gibson R., TylerD. Fun games (translated from English) M., 1994.

Grabenko T.N., Zinkevich-Evstigneeva T.D. Corrective, developing and adapting games. SPb., 2002.

Grishina G.N. Favorite children's games. M., 1997.

Children's outdoor games of the peoples of the USSR / Comp. A.V. Keneman. M., 1991.

Karabapova O.A. Game and correction of mental development of the child. M., 1997.

Kataeva A.A., Strebleva E.A. Didactic games and exercises in teaching mentally retarded preschoolers. M., 1993.

Short I.I. Mobile games for children. M., 1987.

MOBILE GAMES FOR CHILDREN WITH DIFFICULTY

Compiled by: instructor

in physical culture

1. Winders».

Inventory: wooden stick - length 20 cm, diameter - 1 - 1.5 cm, rope - 1 - 1.5 m. The rope is tied to a stick.

The game is first played for quality:

Option 1 - hold the stick with both hands;

Option 2 - a stick with one hand, a rope with the other hand.

Then the game can be played at speed.

2. "Goalkeeper". The game is held to develop the speed of reaction and mobility of the hands.

Inventory: gymnastic stick, 2 racks, ball.

The trainee sits on the floor, acting as a goalkeeper. Gates of certain sizes - as convenient for the child. In order to hit the ball, he holds a gymnastic stick horizontally in his hands. First, the ball is directed directly at the goalkeeper, then the direction of the ball is slightly changed to the left, to the right.

3. "Catch the ball" The game is played to develop the reaction and strengthen the muscles of the shoulder girdle.

Inventory: a large rubber ball suspended in a net from a crossbar.

The trainee sits on a chair (on a bench, on the floor). The ball is passed to him, which he catches at chest level. Having caught the ball, he tries to send the ball back to his partner.

When the child begins to confidently catch the ball, you can use not suspended, and then

Use balls of different sizes.

4. "Darts". The game is intended for the development of throwing skills and vision correction.

Inventory: target and darts.

The student sits on a chair or bench. The target is on the floor. From this starting position, the child first learns to throw the dart so that it hits the target. Then he tries to score the most points.

5. "Musketeers".

Inventory: plastic gymnastic sticks.

It is carried out in the style of fencing. To make it easier for the practitioner to perform movements with a stick, he holds it with both hands. The stick is placed vertically.

6. "Ready - I'm falling!". The game is held to establish a trusting contact between the student and the teacher.

The child sits on the floor or on a bench with his back to the teacher. He asks the teacher: “Ready?”. The teacher replies: “Ready!”. The student warns: "I'm falling!". Teacher: "Come on." After that, the student, leaning back, falls on the hands behind the sitting teacher.

7. "Fishing". The game is held for the development of the vestibular apparatus.

Inventory: fitball, objects of various sizes, a stick with a hook.

Option 1 - the student lies on the fitball with his stomach. The teacher, insuring him by the legs, lowers him upside down. The student must alternately lift objects from the floor that are in front of the ball with his left hand, right hand, and both hands at the same time.

Option 2 - the student sits on a chair, holds a stick with a hook at the end with both hands. With the help of a hook, he must get objects that are located on the floor, on a bench, at knee level.

8. "Weightlifter". The game is played to develop the shoulder girdle.

Inventory: 2 racks, gymnastic stick.

The student lies on the floor on his back, holding a stick with both hands. Racks are left and right. The trainee must first alternately pry the racks with a stick, and then, straightening his arms, rearrange the racks.

9. "Bowling alley". The game is played to develop the muscles of the shoulder girdle and lower extremities.

Inventory: skittles, balls, club, 2 racks.

Option 1 - the student, sitting on a chair or bench, pushes the suspended ball from the chest with both hands. He tries to knock down the skittles that are ahead at a certain distance.

Option 2 - sitting on a chair or on the floor throws the ball to knock down the largest number of pins. You can roll the ball on the floor.

Option 3 - sitting on a chair, a large rubber ball in front of your feet. Kicking the ball with one foot or both feet, knock down the skittles. Skittles are placed close to the player. As the exercise is successfully completed, the skittles can be set aside further.

Option 4 - the student sits on the floor or on a chair, he has a club in his hands. In front of it are gates in which there are skittles. Beating the ball with a club, the child must knock down the skittles. The stick must be the size of the practitioner

10. "Milk the cow." The game is designed to develop fine motor skills.

Inventory: a rubber glove with a hole in the index finger, a bucket, water.

Water is poured into the glove and tied. An impromptu udder is hung on a rope. The student must, by pressing on the glove, release it from the contents.

The task can be performed with one hand, two hands, slowly and for a while.

11. "Musician". The game is played to develop the muscles of the outer and inner sides of the thigh, for the muscles of the neck.

Inventory: musical plates, a hat with bells.

Option 1 - student to inside musical cymbals are tied to the knees. Spreading the knees to the sides and bringing them back, the student must perform the given rhythm.

Option 2 - the child wears a hat with bells. He performs turns to the right - to the left, circular movements, head tilts forward - backward.

You can create any melody.

12. "To tie a knot". The game is designed to develop fine motor skills.

Inventory: scarf, rope 30 cm.

The student is blindfolded with a handkerchief and given a rope in his hands. He must make as many knots on the rope as possible. You can play the game for quality, quantity and speed. It can also be done in pairs.

13. "Magic knot". The game is designed to develop fine motor skills.

Inventory: gymnastic stick, several knots.

The student must get a bundle with a gymnastic stick. Untie him and find inside the bundle a surprise for the good behavior and effort he showed in class. There may be several nodules, but there is only one surprise. The game is played at the end of class.

14. "Mushroom pickers". The game is played to develop speed of reaction.

Inventory: 2 baskets, paralon mushrooms and berries.

Option 1 - collect mushrooms and berries in one basket. Maybe for a while.

Option 2 - alternately berries in one basket, mushrooms in another, which hand is convenient.

Option 3 - pick berries with the right hand, mushrooms with the left hand and vice versa.

Option 4 - collect everything blindfolded.

15. "Make your own name."

Inventory: cards on which each letter of the student's first and last name is written.

The student lies on the floor on his back. There are cards on the sides to the left and to the right. For example: Ivanov - And on the right, B on the left, etc. Rolling to the left, the child must find a certain letter, the same to the right. So make up your first and last name. If there are an odd number of cards, you can add punctuation marks, for example, the exclamation mark "!".

16. "Crossing". The game is played to develop the strength of the shoulder girdle.

Inventory: gymnastic wall, rope, gymnastic stick.

Option 1 - the student sits in a chair facing the gymnastic wall at a distance of 1 m, 2 m, etc. A rope is tied to the wall, which the student holds with both hands. Rearranging the right rope left hand, drive up to the wall.

Option 2 - wind the rope on a stick. Fix the practitioner to the back of the chair and insure.

17. "Ring of Saturn". The game is played to develop dexterity.

Inventory: small rubber ball.

The student, seated on the bench, must circle the ball around the neck and around the torso. The task can be performed on quality, and then on speed.

18. "Web".

Inventory: 2 ropes.

The student sits in a chair or armchair. The teacher fixes the ropes on the left and right so that they cross. Having made a turn to the right, the child must unhook the rope with his left hand, the same in the other direction.

19. "Bee". The game is played in the preparatory part.

Inventory: 6 yellow paper strips.

The student is sitting in a chair. The teacher attaches the strips to the right and left so that they are parallel to each other. The student, turning either to the left or to the right, must unhook the strips in order: from top to bottom and from bottom to top.

20. "Kick the ball."

Inventory: hoop, balls, wooden blocks.

Option 1 - put a hoop on the floor, balls in it. The student, sitting on the floor, must push the ball away from himself, so as to knock the balls out of the hoop.

Option 2 - make a pyramid out of balls, which the child must knock down.

Option 3 - the same, "Gorodki".

21. "Meeting". The game is played in the main part.

Inventory: 2 rubber balls.

The teacher and student sit opposite each other. Their task is to roll the balls so that they meet.

22. "Journey". The game is played in the preparatory part.

Inventory: 6 pyramids, flags, balloons.

There are 6 stations in the hall, marked with pyramids.

Option 1 - a flag is placed behind one of the pyramids. The student in the chair must go around all the stations in turn and find the given object.

Option 2 - the route is chosen by the student himself.

Option 3 - different objects are placed behind the pyramids, but you only need to find a flag.

Option 4 - tied to each pyramid Balloons which the child must collect.

Option 5 - at each station, the student must perform a given exercise.

23. "Table Towns". The game is held for the development of the eye and dexterity.

When throwing, the player needs to control the bat - a catapult - this is a plank with two risers up to 80 mm high, between which an elastic band is stretched. With the help of this catapult, the gorodishnik sends his bat to the gorodki. A gorodish bat is a stick 4-5 cm long. The catapult is portable, it can be placed on the far line of battle and on the near one. In order to prevent the stick-bat from flying far, a side of 20x20 cm in size is attached to the edge of the table behind the square where the towns are placed.

Towns - round sticks 3-4 cm long. Towns are installed in figures, as in ordinary towns.

24. "The eye of the needle." The game is played to develop dexterity.

The game requires a wooden plank 40 - 50 cm long, attached to a rack 50 - 60 cm high. From below, for stability, the rack is mounted on a flat disk or cross. “Needles” cut out of thin plywood are hung on hooks to the crossbar. The length of the eye of the needle is 12 - 14 cm. A “camel”, which is located on a stick - a “thread”, must pass into this eye. The height of the camel is 10 - 11 cm.

A bell is suspended under each needle. The player's task is to guide the camel through the eye of the needle without hitting the needle. If the player leads the camel back and forth, he gets 1 point, for the second move - 2 points, for the third - 3 points.

25. "Gate". The game is played to develop dexterity.

Installed on the table wooden block with five arches-gates of various widths carved in it. A number is written above each arch - from 1 to 5. These numbers indicate the number of points that are awarded to the player who drove the white game ball into the arch by hitting his ball.

To prevent the ball from flying out of bounds playing field, protective sides are installed along the edges of the table. To play, you need several multi-colored balls (according to the number of players) and one white game ball.

The game ball is placed in the center of the field. You need to hit it with your ball first with your eyes open, then with your right eye closed, then with your left eye closed, perform with your eyes closed. If the white ball does not hit the arch, the player loses the right to move and the next one enters the game. In case of hitting the gate, the player is awarded the number of points that appears above the arch. The game is played up to 50 points.

26. "Trough". The game is played to develop dexterity.

The game requires an oblong wooden trough (it can be replaced with a rectangular elongated box with low walls). Eight partitions are installed inside the trough. They form sectors numbered from "0" to "9". The height of the partitions is equal to the height of the walls of the trough, but they block it only by half the width.

Before the start of the game, 10 balls should be placed in the zero sector. Taking the trough in your hands, carefully shake it so that the balls roll from the zero sector to the second, then to the third, etc., and you need to do this so that not a single ball falls into the ninth sector. As soon as one of the balls enters the penalty area, the game ends. Korytse put on the table and count the points. For example, if there are 2 balls in the second sector, then the player gets 4 points (2x2). There are three balls in the fifth sector, therefore, the player gets 15 points (3x5). The player with the most points in one turn wins.

27. "Precise throw."

For the game, small rubber balls and a house made of cardboard are used. The task of throwing the ball is to get into the window of the house. The student is sitting in a chair. The distance is determined by the capabilities of the child. First, the chair from the house is located close. The student is given 5 attempts to hit the window. If 4 out of 5 attempts are successful, the chair can be moved back a few cm.

28. Tennis.

When playing table tennis, the student holds the racket with both hands, resting his elbows on the table. The teacher sends the balls one by one directly in the direction relative to the student. The child must try to hit each ball.

In order for the student to complete the serve, the teacher throws him a ball low vertically upwards. You can also use a device to which the balls are suspended. The student tries to hit the ball accurately.

29. "Air billiards". The game is played to develop dexterity.

For the game, a frame and racks are made of wooden planks. The height of the frame is 50 cm, the length is 60-70 cm. 10 wooden balls are suspended from the horizontal bar of the frame on a string. They hang at the same level, 25 cm from the table surface. The balls are placed at an equal distance from each other. Each ball has its own number. Attached to the center of the crossbar wooden rack 25 cm high. A movable rail 60 cm long is screwed to it. A shock ball hangs from its end on a cord 75 cm long. With this ball, the player must hit the balls suspended from the frame. The impact ball is sent by the cue.

The player must hit the balls in the order of their numbers. Before hitting, he announces the number of the ball he is hitting. After a successful hit, he gets the right to one more turn. If he misses or hits a ball with a different number, he loses his turn and gives way to the next player.

The winner is the player who hits all the balls first.

30. "Berries, vegetables, fruits."

Inventory: three cards - red, green, blue.

Three cards are placed in front of the student: red - berries, green - fruits, blue - vegetables. On the instructions of the teacher, the student performs a movement (for example, turns to the right - to the left). Suddenly, the teacher pronounces one of the words (for example, “pear”), the student must raise a green card.

31. "Forward - back." The game is held for attention, as well as for warm-ups.

The teacher calls any number: if it is even, the student must drive forward; if the number is odd, then the player must drive back.

32. "Attention - let's start."

The teacher shows in a certain sequence exercises numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. Then he gives the command: “Exercise 3, start!” The trainee must complete exercise 3.

33. "Simple arithmetic." The game is held for attention in the final part of the lesson.

The teacher calls different numbers one after the other, and the student after each number calls the next one in order. If this number turns out to be zero - put your hands on your belt, two zeros - hands forward, three zeros - hands to your shoulders.

34. "It's the other way around." The game is held in the preparatory part of the lesson.

The teacher shows the exercises, and the student repeats after him, but in the opposite direction. For example, the teacher tilts to the right, and the student to the left.

35. "Sensitive sentry."

Inventory: balls, skittles, cubes, scarf.

A blindfolded student sits on the floor, balls, skittles, cubes are laid out around him. The teacher carefully approaches the objects to take one of them. The trainee, having heard steps or a rustle, must indicate the direction from which the sound is coming.

You can involve the parents present at the lessons in the game.

36. "Put your nose." The game is held to develop orientation in space.

Inventory: drawing paper with a clown's face painted on it, a paper nose with a piece of plasticine, a handkerchief.

Whatman paper with the face of a clown without a nose is placed on the wall so that it is easy for the student to reach the sheet. The player is blindfolded, the chair is turned three times.

After the chair is placed in front of the sheet, the student must drive up to him and put his nose on the clown.

The teacher provides insurance and directs the student's action (tells him how far to go and when to stop).

37. Free throw. The game is played while learning to throw.

Inventory: hoop, ball, scarf.

The student sits on a chair. A hoop is placed on the floor in front of him. Then they blindfold the student and give the ball. The player must throw and hit the hoop.

38. "Sense of time." The game is played at the end of the lesson.

The teacher gives the student a task that he must complete within a certain time. When time, in his opinion, expires, he must complete the exercise. For example, leave the hall and come back in one minute; shift the balls from right to left for 20 seconds, etc. The teacher marks the time.

39. "Black box". The game is played at the end of the lesson.

Inventory: box, ball, etc.

An object (for example, a ball) is placed in the box. The student asks questions to the teacher, to which he answers only “Yes” or “No”. The player can ask 10 questions, after which he must say what is in the box.

40. "Sun, fence, pebbles." The game is held for attention and in the preparatory part of the lesson.

The teacher, gradually increasing the pace in any order, gives the student commands: “Sun”, “Fence”, “Pebbles”. Engaged in the command "Sun!" spreads his fingers on his hands, at the command "Fence!" closes his fingers and straightens his palms, clenches his hands into fists at the command "Pebbles!".

41. "So and so." The game is held for attention, in the preparatory and final parts of the lesson.

When performing the exercise, the teacher pronounces the word “so”, the student must repeat the task. If the teacher says “that way” and performs some kind of movement, then the player does not repeat this movement.

42. "Decompose blindly." The game is played in the final part.

Inventory: 3 sets of sticks, each set contains 15 pieces. Each set different color and different lengths.

The student is blindfolded. The player's task is to sort the sticks by size and arrange them into separate piles.

The game can be complicated if the sticks differ in two ways: for example, in length and in thickness. You can also involve the parents present in the classroom into the game.

43. "Who flies?". The game is held to develop reaction and attention.

The teacher says: “The dove is flying,” and raises his hands up, the student does the same. Then he names other birds and insects. Suddenly he inserts: "The cow is flying" or "The table is flying." In these cases, you do not need to raise your hands.

44. "Turnip". The game is played to develop hand strength.

Inventory: a stuffed ball weighing 1 kg, a rope 3 m long. The rope is tied to a stuffed ball.

The student is sitting on a chair. The ball is placed opposite at a distance of 2.5 m. The end of the rope is given to the student. On a signal, the player must pull the ball towards him.

45. "What has changed?". The game is played with attention.

Inventory: toys.

10 -15 different toys (or other items) are placed in a conspicuous place in a mess, the Player must carefully consider them, after which he turns away. The teacher at this time rearranges 2 - 3 toys to other places (or removes, adds, replaces others). After the signal, the student turns and determines what has changed.

The teacher performs different movements and the student must perform them with him. But one movement is forbidden, it cannot be performed. For example, it is forbidden to perform the “hands to shoulders” movement. When the teacher performs the forbidden movement and the student repeats it, he will have to perform the given rhythm with his palms.

LITERATURE

Main literature

1. Adaptive physical culture in work with children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system (with cerebral palsy). Methodical manual / Under the editorship of .- St. Petersburg, SPbGAFK them. , 2003, - 228s.

2. Adaptive physical culture at school. Primary School. / Author compiler / Under the general editorship. - St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State Academy of Physical Culture named after, 2003, - 240s.

3. orientation along the trails. - Yekaterinburg, 1998, - 68 p.

4. Corrective outdoor games and exercises for children with developmental disorders / Ed. prof. . - M.: Soviet sport, 2002. - 212 p.

5. Socio-pedagogical rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy / Edited. - M.: MGSU, 2001. - 198 p.

6.Technologies of physical culture and sports activities in adaptive physical culture: Textbook / Authors, compilers, / Ed. . - M .: Soviet sport, 2004. - 296 p.: ill.

7. Private methods of adaptive physical culture: Textbook / Ed. . - M.: Soviet sport, 2003. - 464 p.

8. Portable and outdoor games for children and adolescents with disorders of the musculoskeletal system: Proc. allowance for students. defectol. fak. higher ped. textbook institutions / Per. with him. ; Scientific ed. Russian text. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2003. - 112 p.

additional literature

1. Litvinova folk outdoor games: A guide for

child educator. garden / Ed. . - M .: Education, 1986. - 79 p., ill.

2. Outdoor games for grade 2, like additional material in the content of the third lesson of physical culture / Comp. . - Petrozavodsk: 1995. - 48 p.

3. Educational games. - St. Petersburg: Delta, 1998. - 208 p.

4. 300 outdoor games for younger students. A popular guide for parents and educators / Artists,. - Yaroslavl: Academy of Development: Academy, K: Academy Holding, 2000. - 224 p.: ill.

The use of outdoor games in physical education classes in order to increase motor activity and remove the complexes of children with disabilities

To date, one of actual problems is the implementation of an inclusive approach in the upbringing and education of children with disabilities (hereinafter HIA) in conditions preschool.

Inclusive education is the process of creating an optimal educational space focused on finding new ways to meet the educational needs of each preschooler.

The stage of preschool childhood is the time when a child with disabilities enters the first public educational system - preschool education and upbringing.

At present, the so-called spontaneous inclusion of children with developmental disabilities among healthy peers often occurs, especially in rural areas. Children with disabilities stay in educational institutions, regardless of their mental and speech development, from the structure of the defect, from the psychophysical possibilities. The presence of children with disabilities in the same room and at the same time with normally developing peers helps to reduce the distance between these categories of preschoolers. However, the ability to be included in the usual group of children characterizes not only the capabilities of the child with disabilities, but also the quality of the work of the preschool institution, the presence in it of adequate conditions for the development of pupils with special needs. Therefore, for a full-fledged functional and social inclusion, a special organization of substantive interaction, interpersonal contacts and communication, equal partnership, and the removal of social distance are necessary.

So, for example, one can observe low physical activity of children with disabilities in physical education classes, which leads to embarrassment, embarrassment, and complexes due to the individual characteristics of the organism.

The specificity of physical education classes with children with disabilities lies in the fact that pedagogical influences should be aimed not only at correcting physical, but also mental health. The main tasks at each lesson are the correction and prevention of posture, flat feet, walking, running and other natural movements, the activation of autonomic functions and the strengthening of the muscular corset. That is why classes with these children should be of a correctional and developmental orientation, and should also be emotionally saturated.

As already mentioned, children with disabilities are often notorious both emotionally and physically. Only in games children are completely liberated, and only in games it is possible to achieve the best results in mastering their physical skills and abilities, to provide a natural need for movement. For the versatile development of body functions, a combination of various types of movement is of particular value. The free use of sufficiently mastered skills in different situations creates more opportunities for preschoolers to show activity and creativity.

Through games, it is easiest to introduce a child to physical education. Education of the ability to walk correctly, run fast, jump easily and boldly is carried out in the classroom with the help of physical exercises and outdoor games. The game puts the child in a position where his mind is working lively, energetically, feelings are tense, actions are organized.

Perhaps the game is the best remedy education of the personality of the child.

The widespread use of outdoor games in one's practice in conjunction with a holistic system of measures for physical education will help to achieve the desired result. The main goal is to activate all body systems: blood circulation, respiration, vision, hearing. The game should bring positive emotions to the child. Active actions in the game also help children with disabilities eliminate self-doubt, shyness, and timidity. All this taken together allows us to talk about the health-improving effect of outdoor games.

For a child, the greatest joy in the game is the satisfaction of the natural need for communication, emotional contact with other children, the opportunity to express their feelings. An atmosphere of goodwill, trust, mutual assistance, approval of actions, respect and recognition in a peer group - all this is a permanent incentive and a great value of an outdoor game as a means of increasing physical activity.

The very process of the game is always associated with new sensations and emotions. Games attract children with their cognitive content, emotional coloring, warmth of relationships, unique experiences. How effective, in terms of physical and mental education, outdoor games turned out to be, can be judged by the behavior of children: diligent, joy in their eyes, focused, active.

I note useful outdoor games in which a situation is created that increases interdependence from each other. Communication skills acquired in such situations are most easily transferred to other activities, to ordinary life conditions.

The following are examples of games that can be used in physical education classes as a way of mastering basic movement skills, taking into account some of the limited abilities of children:

"Zoo".

Target: development of imagination, looseness in movements.

Number of players - 4-20 people.

Instruction. All participants in turn show the movements characteristic of the animal conceived by them according to the conditions of the game. The rest are trying to figure it out. Then the participants are united in subgroups of 2-3 people. The host, pointing to any subgroup, gives the name of the animal. Participants, without saying a word, together depict one named animal. Further, the subgroup can also depict any animal, and the other participants guess which one.

"Recognize by voice"

Target: development of hearing and the ability to navigate in space.

The number of players is 5-20 people.

Instruction. The game is played in the gym or on the playground. All the players, holding hands, form a circle, the driver stands in the center. Players, at the signal of the driver, begin to move in a circle to the right (left), saying:

We frolic a little

All were placed in their places.

You solve the riddle

Who called you, find out.

With the last words, everyone stops, and the player, whom the driver touched with his hand while moving in a circle, calls him by name in a changed voice, so that he does not recognize him. If the driver recognizes the player, they change roles, but if he made a mistake, he continues to drive.

Option: the driver must recognize the voice of his mother.

Methodical instructions.

· During the game, complete silence must be observed.

· The driver with the rest of the vision or the one who sees normally must close his eyes or put on a blindfold.

"Catch the ball"

Target: development of attention, accuracy and coordination of movements.

The number of players is 10-12 children.

Inventory: two scored balls.

Instruction. The game is played on the playground. All players form a circle. Two players standing in a circle 3-4 players apart are given a ball each. At the signal of the driver, the players try to pass the balls to the player on the right as quickly as possible so that one ball catches up with the other. When this happens, the game starts again.

Methodical instructions.

· Balls can only be passed, not thrown.

· The number of balls can be increased.

· The ball is passed at waist or chest level.

"Catch up the bell"

Target: development of speed, dexterity, ability to navigate in space.

The number of players is 10-12 people.

Inventory: bell.

Instruction. The playing area should be marked with tactile landmarks. From among the players, two pairs of drivers are selected. One of the players is given a bell. The player with the bell runs away from the drivers, and they try to surround him, closing their hands. This can be done by one or both pairs of drivers.

The player with the bell at the moment of danger has the right to pass (but not throw) the bell to any of the participants in the game.

The caught player and the one from whom he had previously received the bell replace one of the pairs of drivers. The bell is handed to the most dexterous player, and the game continues.

Option (a game for the visually impaired and sighted):

Instead of a bell, a cap is used on the head. You can only catch the one who has a cap on his head.

Methodical instructions.

· Pairs should be completed as follows: blind - a child with a residual vision; sighted - blind.

· Players are not allowed to leave the area.

· All players on the court can wear sounded bracelets (with bells, etc.).

· If the leading pairs open their hands, the fleeing player is considered not caught.

"Catch the ball"

Target: development of attention, memory, acquisition of skills in throws and catching the ball.

The number of players can be any.

Inventory: one medium sized ball.

Instruction. The players sit in a circle. The driver is in the center. Throwing up the ball, he calls the name of the player. The named player must catch the ball. If he caught him, then he returns to his place, but if he didn’t catch him, then he changes place with the driver. The winner is the one who is the least ball leading.

Methodical instructions.

· The pace of the game depends on the number of participants standing in a circle.

· If the players do not know each other, then before the start of the game they need to be introduced to each other: each in turn calls his name, and the whole group repeats it in unison.

· Players are free to move around the circle.

It is known that children with various deviations in the state of health (with pathology of vision, hearing, consequences of cerebral palsy, with intellectual problems, etc.) have different physical abilities, and this feature must be taken into account when conducting outdoor games. It is important that the magnitude of the load is accessible to the child and does not cause him to overstrain.

Thus, physical activity preschooler should be purposeful and correspond to his experience, interests, desires, functional capabilities of the body, which is the basis individual approach to every child.

Outdoor games help to remove the child's complexes, increase his interest in physical activity.