virtual alphabet. Games alphabet. Getting to know Montessori materials: rough letters

Hello! Did you know that an active and inquisitive kid is ready for primary education as early as 3-4 years of age?

Therefore, if your son or daughter does not go to kindergarten or the kindergarten program is very easy, you can additionally work with your baby at home, gradually preparing for school.

For example, you can learn easy counting or letters of the alphabet. You can do this in game form, interesting and fun.

And from this article you will learn exactly how you can learn the alphabet with small ones.

Develop, learn new things, learn fun and with pleasure! If the material is useful to you, put your fingers up, share comments and repost.

Introduction

Written language is an important milestone in human development. In fact, writing is the result of reaching a certain level of comprehension of spoken language. This is true for humanity and for man. Alas, parents often lose sight of the fact that the ability to read and write is based not so much on the fact that you teach your child to write letters, but on a good speech development and some general level of maturity of the individual.

So that you do not have to force the child to learn letters, the little person should have enough life experience to be able and willing to express and write it down. If a child has enough books suitable for his age, then the desire to learn something new from them appears even before the child begins to speak.

But the child acquires the ability to understand what he has read much later. Later than he starts talking. Later, than he begins to recognize letters, write letters. Later than learning how to put letters into words.

So we can say that the letters themselves are a small component of the ability to read. Frankly, the meaning of letters in teaching preschoolers is overblown and commercialized.

Images of letters of different quality cover a lot of toys and items intended for younger preschoolers: tables, cubes, rattles, magnets from baby food, sound alphabets ... From what age is it really better to learn letters and how to do it, what to choose to help yourself among the vast sea toys and supplies?

At what age to learn letters

At what age should children be taught letters? There is a fairly reasonable consideration that it is appropriate to introduce complementary foods to infants at the moment when they begin to show interest in adult food. Modern children are surrounded by inscriptions and signatures, and most of them can be seen at the moment when they begin to ask about letters and numbers "what is this?" or even indicate a single large letter. It makes sense to respond to the child's request and teach him letters when he shows interest in them.

If you name any image or object, the child will certainly want you to repeat again and again a new or difficult name for him, a word. Your task is to clearly, distinctly and slowly pronounce what the baby asks for, and as many times as he asks. It is at this moment that the sound alphabet may come in handy.

Sound alphabet

As an idea, the sound alphabet largely meets the criteria of Montessori material:

However, the actual performance of most didactic aids of this kind does not stand up to scrutiny. A significant part of the products of the Chinese industry is voiced by non-native Russian speakers, which is why the proposed sound sample is completely unacceptable.

Even if the alphabet is voiced with high quality, I only once managed to find one in which the letter would be read as "r", and not called as "er". About why the alphabet, intermediary pictures and the names of letters instead of reading them are harmful for learning to read, I told in more detail in the article “When to start teaching a child to read?”.

Manufacturers probably think that if you just make clear and large letters, when you click on each of which the letter is read distinctly and clearly, the manual will be boring. It's a delusion. Any colorful pictures, letters in the form of men or decorated with curls, additional melodies, flashing lights create an annoying background that makes it difficult to focus on the connection of the grapheme and its reading.

The disadvantages of sound alphabets, I would also include the high cost: a quality-made copy, which is not harmful to offer to children, costs quite a lot. Meanwhile, it is quite possible to do without an automated letter namer if you read the letters that he asks to the child, just in the course of life, in books and signs, signatures and labels.

Yes, at the same time, the baby will depend on the adult, but, on the other hand, along with reading books, reading individual letters is a good reason to chat with each other, including in “camping” situations when you need to take the child in line, in transport , on the way home. Thus, in order to teach a child letters, the sound alphabet for babies is more of a luxury than a necessity.

Basic concepts

As already mentioned, you can read the letters to the child when the baby himself asks you about it. The knowledge of the letter is that:

Accordingly, in order to learn letters, it is necessary that the child not only speaks in sentences, but also pronounces most of the sounds of his native speech.

Before you start teaching a child to write letters, it is necessary that there are opportunities for fine control of the hand, the ability to properly hold a pencil, a pen, and the ability to control movement well in writing. By the way, this is an argument in favor of not rushing into learning to write: in the first three years of life, the dominance of the dominant hand is just manifesting itself.

The safest way is to let your child experiment with drawing and eating with both hands. Gradually, the child will feel with which hand he is able to act more subtly and accurately, and will establish himself in choosing the leading hand. Retraining left-handers is extremely dangerous for their development and mental well-being.

The child's brain is plastic enough to succumb to environmental pressures, but not enough to remain maximally efficient when the non-dominant hand has to be used. So when teaching writing too early, there is a risk of dooming the child to the burden of overlearning, without even knowing that this has happened.

In free drawing, the child learns to understand the space of the sheet. In coloring - purposefulness, the ability not only to write, but also to stop the line on time.

If the child is well prepared for the perception of written speech, then the question: “How to make the child learn letters?” does not arise - a ripe need gives rise to interest.

How to learn Montessori letters

In the Montessori system, there is a well-thought-out chain of materials that sequentially prepare the child for writing and reading, and then allow them to master them directly. One of the key ideas of M. Montessori, formulated on the basis of observations of children, is that the mastery of written speech comes from writing to reading, and not from reading to writing.

There are many benefits to moving from writing to reading. It generally corresponds to the logic of the emergence of writing. Reading what you yourself have already written, and therefore you know what the text is talking about, is much easier than unfamiliar someone else's text. In addition, in Russian the same letter conveys different phonemes, but phonemes are almost always transmitted by the same letter. That is, to write down [c ‘] you definitely need the letter “c”, but if you see the letter “c” in the word, then it can mean both [c] and [c ‘].

It is much clearer to first write down “jozhik”, and read such a lightweight record, and only then learn how to replace “yo” with “ё”. Based on the understanding of the presence of "y" in a number of vowels, it is much easier to correctly read vowels that either represent two sounds in writing or affect the reading of the preceding consonant. If you go from letter to sound, it is more difficult to feel this logic.

Getting to know Montessori materials: rough letters

Montessori didactic materials for teaching writing involve an initial introduction to capital letters because they are easier to write. Printed letters you need to write with strokes, so when writing, you need to simultaneously monitor the quality and direction of the line, and when the stroke should end.

Stopping, interrupting an action is a complex skill in itself, so capital letters, where line interruption is minimized and the letters themselves are rounded, are easier in their own way to write.

If a child goes to a Montessori class, then he has enough time to work through the entire chain of mutually continuing materials of the language zone. If the kid goes to a regular kindergarten, where he spends most of the day, and there he encounters the requirements of a different approach to learning to read, then additional classes directly with Montessori materials will overload and confuse the child.

There will be too little time for full-fledged free work with Montessori materials. It is unlikely that the benefit of such extra classes outweighed the harm.

Nevertheless, to some extent, the logic of the Montessori approach to teaching writing and reading can be taken into account, even if this approach is not the main one for the child.

How to learn letters with children from 3 years old?

At an early age, it is important to do more common development gross and fine motor skills, the development of colloquial speech, to acquaint children with the very idea that the book tells a story, and this story is fixed, that this immutability of the text is associated with inscriptions. If the child directly asks about letters: “What is this?”, And you see that he highlights a single letter in a word, then you can read it.

The best preparation of the hand for writing is free drawing and shading, coloring, as well as sewing, modeling, grabbing small objects with fingers.

Creativity in a toddler group

Reading is important to the ability to maintain attention, and it develops in any focused activity that arouses enough interest in the child that he repeats it over and over again. A useful skill is to follow a moving object with your eyes, for example, a ball in a ball: we perform a similar action by running our eyes over a line of text.

If the child is older

By the age of 4-5, children are likely to recognize letters visually, but the motor representation of the letter will require development. Feeling large letters, tracing wavy lines and letters (very large, 5-10 cm), drawing letters and ornaments prepare for understanding how a letter is made up of elements, and form its motor image.

It is still important to listen to the books that parents read. At this age, these may already be quite voluminous texts, with a complex plot and a small number of illustrations.

A little about preschoolers

At six or seven years old (if the child has not shown interest in reading before), you can start reading simple words and then texts. For this, any good primer will do, in which there is enough interesting material for reading, selected from simple to complex.

I especially like the reading material provided in E. Fedorin's manual “I'm learning to read! A practical guide for parents and tutors" and the book by O. Uzorova, E. Nefyodova "Quick learning to read". The most important thing is not to stop reading aloud to children when they have already learned to read a little on their own. Keep the tradition of reading together for at least a few more years, until the child can fluently read whole books “to himself” .

It is important to encourage children to use written language in Everyday life: write letters and notes to each other, postcards and messages in fortune cookies, sign works in albums together, make labels and instructions. This is a huge scope for creativity and collaboration, which gives writing its true meaning.

[Source: http://mchildren.ru/]

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What else do you need to know?

Hello dear parents! If your children are still small, then I think you will be interested in the topic of how to learn letters with a child correctly. After all, it is from this step that learning to read begins.

To date, my daughter is already 11 years old, and her educational success began at an early age. At the age of 2, she spoke quite clearly in compound and complex sentences. And at the age of 5 she was already reading books on her own. The whole period between these ages was spent on teaching my daughter to read. A lot or a little - judge for yourself.

How to teach a child to speak is a separate topic, today we will focus only on how to learn the alphabet correctly. The word "correct" in this case has a subjective connotation, since I will only share personal tips that have worked in life. But if you are a supporter of evidence-based methods, then they are also there. I will list them very briefly. And then I will share my experience.

Techniques for learning the alphabet

Most often, such developments are called by the name of the author. If you have a desire to get to know them better and use them in your practice, then it will not be difficult to find their description - they are all on the Internet.

How to determine the readiness of the child?

This question does not have a clear and categorical answer. Child psychologists and educators call different age brackets. Someone thinks that you should start learning as early as 2 years old, someone recommends it at 5-6 years old. I remember when Lera went to first grade, one of the parents asked our teacher at the first meeting: “Does a child have to be able to read by the age of 7?” To which our teacher replied: "Don't worry, we will teach you everything."

It is believed that the earlier a child learns new knowledge and skills, the better. The development of thinking, logic, memory is more active. Later, it is easier for the child to study at school and absorb information from different areas of knowledge.

However, this point of view is not shared by everyone. Some psychologists believe that you should not rush - you need to acquire new skills according to age. In particular, to learn letters and start reading - at 6-7 years old (as programmed by the school curriculum).

In my opinion, there is only one conclusion - in relation to your child, you have the right to choose any path of development. If the baby shows curiosity, a desire to learn new things, he has the potential for more active development, then should he be restrained and wait until 5-6-7 years old? And, on the contrary, if the child is not yet ready for the voluntary development of the alphabet, does not show interest and does not have enough perseverance, then one should not rush things.

Criteria by which it is determined that it is already possible to start learning letters:

If you put a plus sign under all the items, then it's time to start learning letters. Although with regard to the last thesis, I would not be so categorical. Life shows that not all children love books. And waiting for them to love them is pointless. For such kids, you can find other ways to learn letters, since there are a lot of them.

How to learn letters - basic tips

As for my personal experience, my daughter and I started getting acquainted with letters at about 2.5 years old. None modern techniques I did not use and did not even spend time reading and mastering them. And it all began very unobtrusively - with a gradual reading of the alphabet. There were no special lessons of 10-15 minutes. I used only these things and tricks that I recommend to you:

The order of mastering letters

Most often there are recommendations to start learning with vowels. And last but not least, master the letters that are considered difficult - "Sch", "Ts", "Ch" and the like. You can follow this rule, or you can not follow 🙂 As for me, I did not adhere to such a principle. We studied the alphabet with my daughter randomly and the first were both vowels and consonants. Only "Y", "L", "B" were left at the finish line.

Letter pronunciation

The child needs to be called the sound that the letter gives, and not its name according to the Russian alphabet. That is, a jerky "B", not "Be", a short "M", not "em". It is also necessary to read the alphabet correctly, but this can be left “for later” (closer to 7 years old or already at school itself), when the child learns the alphabet strictly in order.

Repetition

Do not just call the letter to the child, but ask him to repeat it. Even sing the sound together. Those alphabetic characters that the child has already met can be found anywhere for consolidation.

For example, you walk down the street, you see a sign "Pharmacy", ask what the first letter is. Bought cookies in the form of the alphabet, ask the child to find familiar letters. Walking around the zoo, ask by the way what the word "Peacock" on the sign begins with.

gradualism

In no case should you rush to learn the alphabet, especially if you started learning early - from 2, 3 or even from 4 years old. Excessive pressure on your part can suppress interest and desire to learn letters. And don't forget to praise your child! The compliment received from you is an incentive to move forward!

Does your child need praise?

Proceed to the acquaintance and memorization of the next letter only after the child has firmly remembered all the previous ones. And reading and folding into syllables should be started in general only after the child knows the entire alphabet (albeit not in order), that is, he can name each letter without hesitation.

Moderation

Do not overload children with such activities. Still, for preschoolers, learning the alphabet is not a paramount task. If you see that the baby has lost interest in mastering a new letter after five minutes, switch his attention to another matter. And return to the alphabet another day. It will take more than one month to learn letters with a child, so take your time.

What you need to learn letters

Books and ABCs

It is impossible to do without these helpers. Buy your child several different alphabets (at least two). They should be bright and colorful. It is better if each letter is described - children perceive rhyme faster.

Now there are alphabets in which sound applications are mounted. That is, you press the button in the book and the letter sounds. With these books, the child will be able to study independently.

Read as much as you can to your child to develop an interest in books. And you need to start reading from birth, and not wait for X hour. And books should be different in design and quality. For example, in our home library there were several colorful books with CDs on which the text of a fairy tale from a book was recorded.

I turned on the disc, and my daughter sat with a book in her hands, listened and “read”, turning the pages in time. She could not read then, but I think that the desire and desire were spurred on well.

Games

The easiest way to learn letters is in the game. And this type of activity in children is constant, so you just have to play along with your baby. There are many ready-made games and creative supplies that can be adapted for learning letters:

Didactic material

This includes various cards with written letters, a magnetic board, cubes, posters with the alphabet (including sound ones). Many of these things will come in handy later, when you have to add syllables and words. We have magnetic letters, and as a result, even the refrigerator was plastered with words from them - from a child's point of view, it turns out that it is so much more interesting than on the blackboard.

If there are problems with the choice of the alphabet and other printed materials for studying letters, then you can look for the right one on this showcase. There are many wonderful colorful alphabets and manuals, so choosing the materials you need for your child will not be difficult. Many of these items were in our home.

cartoons

Children's life is hard to imagine without cartoons. And it's great when they can be combined with home schooling. To reinforce a new letter, turn on the desired cartoon series for the baby.

Now there are a lot of different animated series on this topic. These are the series with Luntik, with Aunt Sovunya, with the truck Leva. There are other, less famous cartoons. Here is one of them. See how the letter "A" is introduced in this cartoon:

[Source: http://r-kopilka.ru/]

What do professionals say about age?

Mariana Bezrukikh, director of the Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Education, answers:

- At 3-4 years old, a child should not memorize letters. At this age, the structures responsible for distinguishing between alphabetic characters have not yet been formed in the brain. Of course, the child can be trained. If every day you show him a card with the letter "I" and repeat: "And, and, and ...", he will remember. But the monkey will also remember it. For him, this is not a sign, not a letter, but abracadabra. And the further, the worse.

If a child under 4 is forced to read, an inadequate reading mechanism is formed. He grabs the first 2-3 letters with his eyes and guesses the word. I did not guess - I have to return to the beginning. The endless “shuttle” eye movement is tiring, the child loses the meaning of what he has read, and as a result, interest in the book is lost.

The maturity of the brain necessary for reading in most children is formed by the age of 5-6, and only in 20% - by 4-5. Moreover, at 3 years old, the child is not required to know colors. You can tell, but do not demand. At 3-4 years old, you need to broaden your horizons, develop speech, correct pronunciation, learn to answer questions and ask them correctly.

Movement is very important - walking, standing, climbing stairs, taking small parts, teach yourself to eat, sing, dance, listen to music, form a sense of rhythm. There are no trifles in the development of a child.

Even catering is important - beautifully set the table, put napkins. A lot of parents almost never sit down at the table with a child. They try to feed him quickly, then send him to play with toys and sit at the table themselves. This is wrong, just as it is wrong to force you to eat up. This forms an aversion to food.

[Source: http://www.aif.ru/]

4 games for children

When the method of the Italian teacher Maria Montessori had just become known in Russia, parents, keen on the early development of their children, cut out rough letters on their own - one of the main elements of the method of teaching reading. Today, this work has already been done by the publishing house, and fans of the method just need to get ready-made cards and a manual with exercises. We offer several games that will introduce the child to letters.

In order to write letters, the child must be able to control the muscles of his hand. The following tasks will help the baby learn to control his hand with greater accuracy and strengthen his fingers - because in the future they will have to hold the writing instrument firmly.

You can offer your child very early to do exercises that, among other things, will add to his autonomy and independence in everyday life. The farther, the easier it will be for him to pour water into a glass, spread butter on bread, cut fruit, open and close jars and bottles. And the more the baby develops the strength of his hand, the sooner he masters the control of her actions, the easier it will be for him to learn to write.

Draw with your finger in the sand. or semolina

What children do on the beach can be done at home, in the kitchen - just pour semolina on a baking sheet or in a baking dish.

Draw a circle with your finger on the surface of the cereal, and inside it are two eyes and a smile. Gently shake the baking sheet, and when your drawing disappears, invite the child to draw something himself.

Drawing with the child in turn, you can also make a common picture - one for two - a picture: one of you will depict the cat's head, the other - the ears, the first - the cat's body, the second - the tail, and so on.

Acquaintance with rough letters

In Montessori schools, kids learn the alphabet with rough letters: Maria Montessori found that little kids learn best when they touch, listen, and look at the same time. If a child touches rough letters by looking at them and listening to their corresponding sounds, it is easier for him to learn which shape of the letter represents which sound.

Prepare for the beginning of the lesson with rough letters a basket filled with objects whose names begin with the sounds corresponding to each letter of the alphabet.

Choose from a set of rough letters three that are very different from one another in style and sound corresponding to the letter, for example: m, s and a.

Take one letter - for example, m - and put it on the table in front of you and the child. Say: This is the letter that makes the sound [mmm] (This is [m]). Slowly run your index and middle fingers together over the letter while making the sound [mmm]. Repeat this one more time. The index and middle fingers are the ones that will have to remain pressed against each other when the child later picks up a pencil.

Ask the child: Can you pronounce the sound that is indicated by this letter? Sound [m]? Usually the child, repeating after you, answers such a request with a lowing: M-M-M. Confirm to him that he was not mistaken: Yes, it is [mmm]. The repetition of sounds is very important.

Now invite the child to run his fingers over the letter, while pronouncing the sound. Thanks to this, he will be able to perceive the letter in all sensory parameters at once: auditory (he pronounces the sound, therefore he hears it), tactile (he touches the letter) and visually (he looks at the letter).

Take out from the basket an object whose name begins with the sound indicated by the selected letter. Let's say it's a tangerine. Say: [M] - the word tangerine begins with this sound and put the tangerine in front of you.

In exactly the same way, work with the child on the second, and then the third letter of your choice. Conduct such classes daily - and daily, before you get acquainted with new letters, you can repeat with your child those already known to him so that he realizes how many letters he knows.

If the kid has forgotten one of the letters he knows, do not hesitate to include it in the top three with which you are going to work today.

At the end of the lesson, tell the child that he can ask you to play rough letters with him at any time, but that he can play them alone. The stronger the child's desire to do this, the faster he will move forward. Try to spend ten minutes playing with the three rough letters every day, but don't show your child more than three new letters at a time. But when he plays alone, he can, if he wants, discover new letters himself.

Sounds, letters and pictures

You will need rough letters and envelopes with cards: they will depict objects whose names begin with sounds corresponding to various letters of the alphabet.

How to make cards? Take magazines, postcards, old books to cut out, scissors, glue, sheets of cardboard, envelopes, and a marker. Cut out six to eight pictures of objects whose names begin with sounds corresponding to each of the letters of the alphabet (for example: avocado, pineapple, arch, car, aquarium, asters).

You will notice that some letters are easier to illustrate, others are more difficult. Glue each picture onto a 10 cm square cardboard card, place each set of cards in a sturdy envelope, and carefully write the appropriate letter (eg, a) on each envelope.

How to play? Choose a sound - for example, [a] - and invite the child to run his fingers over the corresponding rough letter in the right direction, while saying: [a-a-a].

Take out of the envelope pictures with objects whose names begin with [a]: avocado, pineapple, and so on. Invite the child to circle the letter, pronounce the sound that corresponds to this letter, and attach the letter denoting this sound to the picture.

Now invite him to open another envelope, a third, and more - up to five. You can continue classes as long as the child is full of energy, and they must be stopped before he gets tired.

This type of activity will help the baby to combine in the mind the concept of a letter and the sensations that arose from its image and the sound corresponding to it.

Ask the child, standing on tiptoe, to reach the letter t, put his hand on the letter f, jump on one leg to the letter c, then put his elbow on the letter and so on. Pronounce the letters clearly, remembering the rules of phonetics.

Further - more interesting!

Modern parents sometimes go to extremes in matters of development and education of the child. Some are engaged with the baby literally from the cradle, others believe that you need to leave the child alone and not deprive him of a happy and carefree childhood. But if you are thinking not only about how to teach a child the alphabet, but also about whether it is necessary to do this, we will answer unequivocally: it is necessary.

After all, letters are all around us. And if you unobtrusively introduce your son or daughter to them from an early age, the child will know that this is such and such a letter as easily as knowing that this is a dog, this is a cat, and this is a dove.

In addition, some children themselves are interested in letters, and parents have no choice but to teach the child the alphabet as early as 2-3 years old. Remember the main rule: unobtrusiveness.

Why teach a child the alphabet

Of course, a 4-5 year old toddler will learn all the letters much faster than a two or three year old kid who quickly loses interest in classes and quickly forgets everything. This leads parents to think about the inappropriateness of such work. But with early learning, letters will come naturally into your child's life.

Remember that early development is not necessary at all in order to praise your baby on the playground in front of other mothers. Some babies at the age of one and a half years know all the letters, by the age of two they begin to merge them into syllables, and by three they safely forget about this merger. There is simply no need for a two-year-old to read.

Early acquaintance with the alphabet does not make children geniuses, but only contributes to the development of their natural abilities, being at the same time a useful and exciting way for children to spend time together with their parents.

How to teach the alphabet to a child 1-3 years old

There are parents who lead the motto "it's never too early to learn." They hang letters drawn on an A4 sheet in a baby's room up to a year old. There should be only one letter per sheet. When the child is awake, he is brought to the letters and called them. From time to time, you should change the location of the letters on the wall and replace one letter with another.

Interesting toy letters

For a child older than a year old, you can buy a puzzle mat with letters, and after two years, a magnetic alphabet (you just need to make sure that the magnets do not fall out of the letters - the child can accidentally swallow them).

Please note that you need to teach your child sounds, not letters. That is, pronounce H, not EN, M, not EM. That is why electronic aids should be abandoned, in which the child clicks on the image, hears the letter and the word that begins with it, and sometimes also a song or tongue twister.

The child is unlikely to understand why a football player is drawn under the letter EF, and cheese under the letter Y. It will be much easier for him if this letter is simply called F and Y.

Very tasty letters

You can lay out letters from fruits or bake cookies in the form of letters. Offer such an alphabet to a child as early as 1.5-2 years old. After all, the little one explores the environment by touch and taste. Why not take advantage of this. An ordinary meal can be turned into a fun activity. It is better to start with vowels, because they are easier to sing. Fold the alphabet from straws, crackers, marmalades, green sprigs.

Hand-made letters

Make letters from plasticine or salt dough, cut them out of colored paper. You can attach legs to the letters, and they will visit each other. You can draw a letter on a piece of paper and ask your child to color it in. And you can “kill two birds with one stone” in one lesson. Having drawn any letter on A4 sheet, cut out many identical geometric shapes, for example, triangles. Having sealed the large letter A inside with small triangles, the child will remember both the letter and the figure.

Letters relatives and friends

An original way to teach a child the alphabet is to associate letters with photographs of relatives and friends. M - mom, P - dad, D - grandfather, V - Vova, I - Irina, etc. The game is exciting, the photo collection can be constantly replenished, as well as supplemented with a collection of drawings.

For example, after going to the zoo, a tiger may appear next to the letter T, and a monkey may appear next to the letter O. You can take pictures and draw buses, cars, trees, a playground. Everything that surrounds the child can be reflected in your home alphabet.

How to teach the alphabet to a child over 4 years old

Sandbox at home

In children of this age fine motor skills is already better developed, so the guys can be offered to fold letters from twigs, constructor, pebbles and cereals. Pour various cereals into a large tray, draw a letter on a piece of cardboard and coat it with glue. Let the baby sprinkle small cereals on top - buckwheat, rice, corn.

This will develop both fine motor skills and imagination.

Board games with letters

Pay attention to the loto and dice with letters: the simpler the image of the letter, the better. After all, drawings can come across unfamiliar, which will only confuse the baby. By the way, the cubes can be made together with the child from colored cardboard. Repeat the sounds of the letters as you play. On sale you can find dominoes with the alphabet and other rpg games with letters.

There are many ways to help parents. Choose the one that is closer to you and the child. Consider the most popular of them.

The methodology of Elena Bakhtina is based on associations. The main teaching tool is the book "ABC book for kids from two to five." On each page - one letter and explanations for parents in small print. In addition, there are pages with the same letters that need to be cut out and pasted onto thick cardboard.

It turns out that you can play with letters. They become friends. The letter G has a beak and red paws, the letter Z has soft fluffy bunny ears, the D is made in the form of a house, and the letter I is covered in sweets (what kid doesn’t love sweets?).

The method of Nikolai Zaitsev implies teaching not letters, but immediately warehouses, although there are letters here too. The main set is cubes (Zaitsev's cubes), which parents must glue on their own, filling them with metal and wooden elements strictly according to the instructions, as well as tables with warehouses that will occupy half the wall. But the child will see all the warehouses in the system, and the content, size and color of the cubes will help him distinguish between deaf and voiced, soft and hard warehouses.

Having taught the child the alphabet and taught him to read, parents will only have to maintain their child's interest in reading by acquiring exciting children's literature. Then he will love books no less than cartoons. And a child who has read a couple of hundred books before school is noticeably ahead of his non-reading peers in development. In the future, the baby will be provided with leading places everywhere - at school, gymnasium, university. After all, reading is the foundation of any learning.

Modern children begin to use computers early and have knowledge that their parents did not yet have at that age. Therefore, modern interactive teaching aids are becoming especially relevant now.

The teachers of the "Presidential School" have created a series of teaching aids, taking into account the developmental characteristics of a modern child, the latest achievements in pedagogy, psychology, developmental physiology, their own many years of experience working with preschoolers and offer an effective solution for the quality preparation of modern children for further education!

Lessons from the book will help the child:

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The book was compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education and upbringing and will be an excellent assistant to parents and teachers in the education and development of children 3-4 years old. Performing simple exercises, the kid will quickly learn the letters and learn to circle them along dotted lines, will connect objects, names that begin with the same letter, will be able to develop creative abilities, turning letters into various objects, as well as attention, memory, thinking.

Tasks are focused on the real possibilities of children and are arranged as they become more difficult. The book is addressed to talented inquisitive kids, their parents and teachers and can be used both at home and in group classes.

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The benefits of learning the alphabet at an early age have been proven by many studies of psychologists, observations of educators and parents. Knowledge of letters is the basis for further successful development of reading, writing, development of speech and literacy, in fact, this is the beginning of education.

And it is impossible to let this process go by itself, hoping that the child will receive knowledge in a kindergarten or school. However, it is best for a child to get acquainted with the alphabet in an easy, playful way. Therefore, we will further describe the main approaches and methods for studying letters.

What is the best age to learn the alphabet?

You can show your baby letters even up to a year. Most likely, he will forget them if he does not regularly return to them. But even in this case, the information will be stored in the subconscious, and later the alphabet will be easier to remember. However, a one-year-old child still has other tasks. He actively learns the surroundings by taste and color, systematizes the outside world in his mind, etc., and letters for him will be something abstract, increasing even more the chaos that appeared to his eyes after birth.

But 2-3 years is the age when the child can already understand and accept the alphabet. Perhaps sooner or later - after all, each baby is individual, and development programs, abilities, inclinations are different for everyone. Someone wants to learn letters, but someone is more interested in drawing dogs and cats ... You also need to take into account different periods of development in children. For example, from 3 to 4, a child actively develops motor activity and is more interested in running, jumping than reading. Therefore, you need to start mastering the alphabet unobtrusively, without pressure, from a few minutes a day. And the child should be easy and fun at this time. Do not rush if the baby does not want to deal with letters at all.

What time of day to choose for mastering the alphabet

The time must be chosen so that the child is fresh and energetic. This is not necessarily morning - maybe evening after a nap, but there are children equally active almost all day. Much depends on the chosen method of study. You can show your child letters during the day during games, reading, everyday activities ... For example, put them out of spaghetti, on a walk - from chestnuts, find them in inscriptions on clothes, etc.

Study Methods

There are several methods for mastering the alphabet. Let's take a look at some of the principles. Where to stop each parent decides based on their own sympathy and perception of the child. Some combine or take something as a basis and add their own inventions.

ABC

A mnemonic picture is attached to each letter: A - bus, B - bicycle ... The method is good for remembering the alphabet, but there is a risk that clear associations of letters with objects will form, and it will be difficult for the child to subsequently understand how from A-buses and M-bears it turns out "mom".

Primer

The old classic way of learning sounds and putting them together into words. Here the processes of mastering letters, adding them into syllables of various combinations and into words occur in parallel. At the same time, the child sees eloquent illustrations of what he adds up.

The method is suitable for children after 5-6, when there is more perseverance. Primers are good for left-brained kids with a predominance of analytical thinking.

Montessori Method

Based on the study of the alphabet in three sensory aspects: tactile, sound and visual. Those. the child touches the letter, hears its sound and sees the image at the same time. Rough letters and objects are prepared for classes, they are called on them. First, mother (or another teacher) takes out a letter, runs her index and middle fingers from top to bottom and calls it: “Here is the letter [y-y-y]”. You can repeat the action several times, and then invite the child to do the same. When the baby has learned this well, you need to take out the objects to the letters and show the baby, explaining that, say, a pear begins with [g]. So you need to deal with the child every day, studying 3 letters and repeating those already passed.

To fix it, you can play with the baby. It is necessary to prepare in advance cards with drawings of objects whose names begin with certain letters (“d” - house, tree, door ...), sign them and put them in envelopes. For the game, select a letter that has already been passed and invite the child to take out cards from the corresponding package, name the object and the sound that its name begins with, and also circle the letter. If such a game seems difficult, try laying out the studied rough letters on the floor and ask the baby to reach one or another of them on tiptoe (jump with a toad, crawl ...).

Zaitsev's technique

It is impossible not to say about the famous Zaitsev cubes. However, in pure form With this technique, children immediately learn warehouses, without studying the letters separately, i.e. immediately learn to read. On the cubes are served all possible combinations of letters. The child first masters and memorizes them, and then the folding of syllables into words begins. This has both pluses and minuses. Subsequently, it can be difficult for a child to understand the structure of a word, and the child simply loses the opportunity to put two letters together on his own. Speech therapists also note the swallowing of endings.

Zaitsev's cubes are suitable for right-brained children with developed imaginative thinking and "limping" analytical.

Polyakov's technique

Relatively new technique. First, vowels are studied in rhyming pairs "A-Z", "U-Yu", etc. by repeatedly repeating and showing the letters on the cards, changing the order and composition of the pairs. To do this, letters are written on the cards (one card - one letter), and quickly shown to the baby with the sound "A-Z", "Oh-Yo". In this case, the child should see only the letter in question. After several repetitions, you can ask the baby to name the letters. In the first lesson, two pairs of vowels are studied. On the second - these four letters are repeated, mastered in a non-rhyming form (A, O, Z, E) and a new pair is added, etc. Between lessons (held 2 times a week), 5 times a day, you need to show the letters to the baby to consolidate. Consonants are studied using 20 tables of 6 pairs of combinations. One consonant develops with hard and soft rhyming vowels, i.e.:
B-B-B
BA-BY
BU-BY
etc.

Then you need to sing these pairs in a low and high voice. First, a clear sound is pronounced and repeated several times, then warehouses. The tables are sung several times a day. In the first lesson, the child goes through 6 vowels and, as they learn, new ones are added.

As a result, children learn pure sounds and their combinations.

How else can you learn letters

It is better to start learning the alphabet with vowels, gradually introducing consonants and showing the child how they combine. To do this, you can come up with a variety of games. Hang cards with letters and tables around the house, stick a new letter to the window in the morning, telling the baby that the bird brought ... To interest the child, you can offer him to help teach his favorite toy, fashion the alphabet from dough, lay it out of the mosaic, accidentally find a ribbon in the form of a letter etc. Children really like to stick magnetic letters on the walls of the bath while bathing.

What can be used to teach a child the alphabet

Cubes, magnets, coloring books, alphabets can become assistants in learning the alphabet ... There are good educational cartoons, like "Aunt Owl's Lessons." You can lay out letters from sticks and pencils, sculpt from plasticine and dough. Easels are very convenient, on which you can write the alphabet, warehouses, attach magnets. There are also a lot of toys for sale that help in learning letters.

Whichever way you choose to learn the alphabet, the main thing is that the child accepts it. You also need to understand that without the efforts of both the parents and the baby, it will not be possible to learn the letters.

ABC is an educational and educational game for preschoolers 2-5 years old, with which kids can quickly and fun learn the alphabet, letters for children, and learn how to write them.

ABC features

Learning letters for children in Russian, in English language(studying English letters, as well as the English alphabet to learn letters), in Spanish and Portuguese;
The alphabet will teach you how to pronounce vowels and consonants correctly, syllables;
The alphabet for preschoolers includes assignments for writing letters;
Speaking alphabet for kids will develop phonemic hearing;
The alphabet game for children contains many cards with different subjects, the study of which will replenish vocabulary;
Educational alphabet game will train fine motor skills.

Advantages

Learning the alphabet is 100 bright and memorable pictures to illustrate words that begin with different letters for kids.
The alphabet game is a sequential study of each letter for children in Russian: we hear, pronounce, write capital and capital letters, guess and learn words that begin with a given letter.
The alphabet includes tasks to consolidate the learned letters: contour puzzles, as well as a quiz.
Learning the Russian alphabet with voice acting: a fun alphabet for kids has a professional voiceover, thanks to which the baby will learn to correctly perceive all sounds by ear and pronounce them.
ABC is an opportunity to learn the alphabets of 4 languages - the Russian alphabet (the Russian alphabet for the smallest and the Russian alphabet for preschoolers), the English alphabet (the English alphabet to learn letters with pronunciation for the smallest and the English alphabet for children), Spanish and Portuguese alphabets.
You can download our children's educational games for free for 2 years from 5 years.

Suitable for children of what age

alphabet for children 3 years old;
alphabet for children from 4 years old or alphabet for children 4 years old, as well as learning the alphabet for children from 4 years old and learning letters for children from 4 years old;
alphabet for children 5 years old or alphabet for children 5 years old for free, and we also learn letters for children from 5 years old.

How to play alphabet for toddlers

The ABC offers a consistent study of letters. Playing the alphabet for children, the kid will be able to gradually learn each letter, namely: its pronunciation, spelling, and also hear and see examples of words that begin with this letter. Starting to learn the alphabet for kids with the letter A, we consistently learn letters and sounds with the child and open all the letters for him, while we learn the alphabet for children from 3 years old!
Children's alphabet learning letters: Learning to write letters. Having started to study the children's alphabet with the letter A and having mastered it, the child will be able to play an exciting game of learning letters by painting the outline of this letter drawn on the fence with yellow paint with a finger. The alphabet shows the baby correct technique writing letters. After successfully completing the task of the game “learning letters”, the child will hear words of praise.
Learn the alphabet for kids: A fun game with the alphabet. We study the alphabet and consolidate knowledge by playing children's educational games and completing tasks - the baby is given 3 contours, into each of which you need to transfer the corresponding letter.
Children's developing and educational games and applications for children from 3 to 5 alphabet in the form of a fun quiz will help your child remember what letter words begin with and replenish their vocabulary!

We can say that today the paper primer for little ones and the primer for preschool age for free are in the past, because the game that allows you to learn the letters of the Russian alphabet is full of bright colors and fun virtual toys to make learning the alphabet fun. In addition, children's educational and educational games and applications for children from 2 to 3 years old have a simple interface that a child can understand in a minute.

The optimal age for learning the alphabet is 5-6 years. By this time, the baby will no longer distort the spoken sounds, will quickly perceive information and remember it. Cognitive interest, aimed at studying the world around us and actively manifesting just at this period of a child's development, will be of great help in mastering letters.

Introduction to the alphabet

The study of the alphabet should take place regularly and systematically, but at the same time, classes should not tire the little student.

To this end, you can not only, but also consider illustrations for fairy tales, guess what the work will be about, and reflect on the behavior of the characters. Gradually developed reader interest will encourage the study of the alphabet and.

When the child is ready to learn, you can start learning letters. So that after getting acquainted with the letters the child does not lose interest in reading activities, it is important to take into account several points.

Sounds or letters?

You need to choose one option: learn either letters or sounds.

At the same time, it is important to understand that it is easier for children to distinguish sounds in a word ([b] is a drum, compared to “be” - “drum”), and in the process of learning to read it will be easier for them to combine 2 sounds than 2 letters (“be” and “a they will read "bea" instead of "ba").

If the kid grasps everything on the fly, then he will be curious to know that the letters are the icons with which the emitted sounds are encrypted, and their name is not always read as the called sound.

Immediately or gradually?

No need dump all the information on the child at once. Acquaintance with letters should occur gradually.

You can spend not one, but several days on one letter, until it becomes recognizable. Only then can you move on to the next one.

Where to begin?

It is not always advisable to study the letters in alphabetical order. It is better to start with vowels, and then proceed to get acquainted with consonants. The most difficult letters are left in the end (b, b).

What time are the classes?

Not worth it allocate strictly defined time for classes: it is difficult for a child to engage in one type of activity for more than 10-15 minutes, and if you do not consolidate what you have learned all the time, then everything will be forgotten very quickly.

It is better to introduce the process of learning the alphabet into the life of a student: in the morning they got acquainted with the letter, laid it out for breakfast from vegetables, during a walk they found words starting with this letter, and in the evening they painted or made a model from improvised material.

Whip or gingerbread?

Definitely the second - any punishment ultimately provokes the appearance of a negative attitude towards the activity that provoked them. And if the child is not interested in what he is doing, then all efforts will be in vain.

To motivate the student , increase self-confidence, you need to praise him as often as possible for any success. For the same purpose, you should not conduct various kinds of checks and exams: all children are different, and they learn the material in different ways.

Methods for learning the alphabet

Any lesson should be conducted in a playful way using a variety of methods that will help to remember all the information issued (or at least most of it).

Learning will be easy and interesting if you use in the process:

Entertaining tasks (puzzles “A letter is hidden”, “How many letters are on a line”, coloring books, riddles, poems).
word games (“Highlight the first sound”, “What letter is hidden in the house, if the owners are known”, “Find as many words as possible for the desired letter”).
association method (an adult calls a letter, a child - a word starting with this letter).
Practical Methods (making an alphabet from plasticine, salt dough, natural material, fabrics, etc.).
Magnetic letters or cubes , from which it will be possible to add even whole words.
Educational cartoons and videos.
Computer games .

Letters learned in a non-standard situation are quickly remembered . For example, joint baking of cookies - letters, drawing letters on the snow or sand during a walk, edible letters (from peas or corn on the surface of a salad, from cream on the top of the cake).

It will also be interesting and exciting to find the letters hidden around (a cloud in the form of "o", tree trunks - "k", pillars - "l"). If you use all the methods of memorization, then the process of learning the alphabet will be easy and fast.

When a child of preschool age lives in a family, he wants to show the world as soon as possible, tell what the alphabet is, learn the alphabet and numbers with them. But too early such classes will not bring any result, because no one has canceled the physiological characteristics of children and they must be reckoned with.

For example, from the age of 2, a child consciously learns the world through touch, taste and vision, but it is almost impossible to interest him in learning at this time, since the child's mind has not yet understood the meaning of numbers and letters.

Most often, they begin to learn letters with a child from the age of 4, because he is already beginning to analyze his actions and gradually understand why he needs to study. In addition, it will take a little time - 10-15 minutes a day.

At 6-7, children improve their memory, thinking and perception, so they are probably ready to play at school. So if before your baby did not show any interest in learning, now is the time to teach him new activities.

Maria Monsessori is a famous Spanish teacher who founded her own school for toddlers and offered one of the most famous methods that will help you learn the alphabet with your child through the game. It consists of 4 parts and is designed for children of all ages from 3 to 6 or even 7 years old.

Draw in the sand - develop speech

Before a child can write letters correctly and quickly, he needs to develop the muscles of his hands and strengthen his fingers, which will soon have to hold the pen quite often. So the first Montessori game is finger drawing in the sand. If there is no opportunity to go to the beach, then it is enough to pour a little semolina onto a baking sheet, on which the lesson will take place. Start drawing something simple, for example, a smiling emoticon, a sun or a Christmas tree, and let the kid repeat everything after you. When you move on to more complex drawings, then work with the child together: he drew the head, you - the body, and so on.

"Rough Letters"

The next exercise that will help you learn the alphabet by playing is called "Rough Letters", which involves the presence of special letters. You can buy them online or watch a tutorial video on how to make them yourself for kids.

Next, we show the child one letter and say how it is pronounced, then let the baby repeat the sound you heard after you. At the end, be sure to give the opportunity to touch the card with the letter, while pronouncing its sound and showing the object that begins with the learned letter.

It is necessary to work out three letters at a time and at the beginning of each lesson repeat what has already been learned. If the child has forgotten something from the past material, then feel free to add the forgotten “comrade” to the new triple from the alphabet.

All other developing ways of learning letters for kids can be found in the book by Marie-Helene Place "Learning Letters Using the Montessori Method".

Methods and exercises for kids from 4 to 6 years old

Mosaic letters

As mentioned above, 4 years is the best period for learning and memorization. At this time, you can already use the mosaic, from which the child will have to put together the letter named by the parent. In a mosaic, it is easier to teach how to write letters with horizontal lines, and to complicate the task, ask to make a letter of a certain color, small or large.

"ABC from plasticine"

The next version of the game with a child already 5 and 6 years old is the “ABC from plasticine”. On the board for modeling with a pencil, draw the outline of the letters and ask the child to fashion a certain letter from plasticine. When you get to learn them well, you can complicate the task by completing the task quickly. "ABC" is good for playing with a child because it helps to quickly memorize the alphabet and develop finger motor skills.

There are many more methods that are suitable for young children. For some of them, you need to make an “inventory” with your own hands, in which videos from the Internet will undoubtedly help you.

Educational computer games for learning numbers

Children are very attracted to technology, including computers. And there is nothing wrong if girls and boys, starting from the age of 4, will learn and memorize numbers while playing on a laptop. After all, there are videos, methods that develop toys online that can correctly teach you how to memorize numbers. For example, an online program where a child has to paint a certain number in the color he likes and the more often he paints it, the faster he will remember.

If your child is already 5-6 years old, then more difficult simulators are chosen, such as “Find a pair - addition”, “Find a pair - subtraction” and use them to study calculation and addition. These toys are made in the form of closed squares, which the player opens, remembers what is written there (for example, 7+3=) and looks for the correct answer to it.

If you do not touch the computer, then simple exercises will help you remember the numbers. For example, while walking down the street, ask the child to memorize the number of a car standing in the yard or to find a specific number in it. Funny rhymes, songs and counting rhymes, which are easy to remember and tell about something interesting, have a good effect on memorization from a very young age.

As you can see, there are a lot of ways to teach a child to pronounce letters, memorize numbers: the methods of popular teachers and psychologists (in addition to the work of Montessori, the methods of Zaitsev and Polyakov are common), training videos, developing toys and exercises.

Methods cope with their task, provided that the educational process takes place correctly - they do not force the child to study in a bad mood, do not raise their voice, do not require too much and are proud of even minimal achievements. And most importantly, the chosen method should correspond to the age and abilities of the baby.

If you see that a preschooler is interested in learning, you want to constantly learn something new and quickly make out what is written on store signs, then the alphabet will be the ideal first book that your child will be interested in learning.