For making bookshelves. Do-it-yourself shelves on the wall: we make a shelf on the wall with step-by-step instructions. Interesting wooden shelf. Master Class

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Lesson Objectives:

to systematize and generalize students' knowledge on the topic "Text tasks";
contribute to the formation of skills to apply techniques: comparisons, generalizations, highlighting the main thing, transferring knowledge to a new situation, analyzing the condition of the problem, compiling a solution model;
to promote the development of skills and abilities to apply mathematical knowledge to solving practical problems, to navigate in the simplest drawings and tabular data when solving a problem;
to promote the education of interest in mathematics, activity, mobility, communication skills.

Lesson objectives:

To identify the level of preparation of students in mathematics on this topic, to systematize the knowledge gained
To help in the development and self-realization of the creative abilities of the individual; teach the methods of organizing intellectual work
Continue to educate students in a respectful attitude towards each other, a sense of camaraderie, a culture of communication, a sense of responsibility

Preparing for the lesson: Selection of tasks for the lesson, selection of presenters and speakers from students, preliminary solution of problems by the students and preparation of poster layouts or presentation slides with solutions to their tasks, compilation and preparation of a general presentation for the lesson, preparation of handouts.

Equipment: Interactive whiteboard, presentation for the lesson, posters - layouts with tabular data for tasks No. 2 and No. 3, handouts (Appendix 1), cards with tasks for independent work (Appendix 2)

During the classes

1. Organizational moment

Lead 1. Today our lesson is devoted to the repetition and consolidation of the topic “Text problems”.

Most often you hear from parents and teachers: solve as many problems as possible, be confident in yourself, love mathematics, because it puts the mind in order... After all, the Road will be mastered by the walking one, and mathematics by the thinker!

Unlike these “good advice”, in this lesson you will receive specific recommendations and algorithms for solving text problems. (Presentation. Slide 1-2)

Lead 2.“Why text tasks?” - you ask. (Presentation. Slide 3) Attention: In order to simply pass the exam and get a certificate, it is enough to solve five problems. Common sense dictates that you should choose the lightest ones. It is text problems that are simple, since you do not need to have mathematical abilities to solve these problems. It is important to know some secrets:

First: simple logic and the ability to count without a calculator. They have nothing but elementary arithmetic operations.

Second: A text problem requires only knowledge of the algorithm and the key solution formula, this will ensure success in the exam.

Attention! To learn how to solve text problems, you will need only three to four hours of independent work, that is, two to three lessons. All it takes is life experience common sense plus the ability to solve an equation or a system of equations.

2. Actualization of basic knowledge

Presenter 1. But before moving on to the tasks themselves, check yourself.

Let's remember what proportion is. (Presentation. Slide 4)

Presenter 2. In many tasks, the concept of percentage is used. (Presentation. Slide 5)

Presenter 1. Let us also recall the systems of measures that we know. (Presentation. Slide 6)

Presenter 2. Write it down as a mathematical expression (Presentation. Slide 7)

3. Main body

Presenter 1. So, let's move on to solving typical problems.

We give the floor to Valeria Kostinyuk (Presentation. Slide 8-9).

The library needs to order 52 identical glasses from one of three firms to make bookshelves. The area of each glass is 0.25 m 2 . Below are prices for glass as well as glass cutting and edge grinding.

How much will the cheapest order cost?

The speaker draws up a decision on an interactive whiteboard (Presentation. Slide 9), enters the actions in the table (Fig. 1).

Solution (Fig. 2):

Answer. 8840 rubles

We give the floor to Maria Utkina and Lisa Burdina (Presentation. Slide 10).

Received in the store ceramic tile three types: “Sea dreams”; "Japanese tunes"; "Sky Blue" Tiles come in different sizes and are packaged in boxes. Using the data in the table, determine in which case the price of one square meter of tiles will be the lowest. In response, indicate this price.

Name	Size of one tile (m?m)	Number of tiles in a box	Box price (rubles)
"Sea Dreams"	0,4?0,4	8	896
"Japanese tunes"	0,4?0,6	6	936
"Sky Blue"	0,6?0,2	10	864

Speakers explain the solution to the problem using a mock-up poster.

Solution (Fig. 3):

We give the floor to Sasha Suzdaltseva and Xenia Galich (Presentation. Slide 11).

The table shows the conditions of a bank deposit in three different banks. It is assumed that the client deposits 40,000 rubles into the account for a period of one year.

* After opening a deposit, the specified amount for servicing is withdrawn from the account. At the end of the year, the contribution is increased by the specified percentage.

Which bank will have the largest deposit by the end of the year?

In response, indicate the amount of this contribution in rubles.

Speakers explain the solution of the problem using a mock-up poster (Fig. 4,5)

Solution (Fig. 5):

Answer. 43164

Task 4 (for movement)

We give the floor to Alexander Shchemerov (Presentation. Slide 12-14).

On two parallel railway tracks, fast and freight trains follow each other, the speeds of which are respectively 85 km/h and 80 km/h. The length of the commodity - 600 meters. Find the length of the fast train if the time it takes for it to pass the freight train is 24 seconds? Give your answer in meters.

The speaker uses a drawing to explain the solution (Presentation. Slide 14), and writes the computational steps of the solution on the board (Fig. 6).

Let's find the speed of approach of trains: 80 + 85 = 165 (km/h).

Convert to m/s:

Using the Key Distance Formula S=?t, find the distance traveled by the fast train:

Subtract the length of the freight train from this distance and get the length of the fast train:

Task 5 (to work)

We give the floor to Anna Sokolova (Presentation. Slide 15-18).

Masha can weed a garden bed in 40 minutes, and Dasha in 35 minutes. For the first 14 minutes the girls worked together, and then Dasha left and Masha alone weeded the rest of the garden. How many minutes did it take to weed the bed?

The speaker uses a table (Presentation. Slide 16) and a drawing (Presentation. Slide 17) to explain the solution, and writes the solution of the equation on the board (Fig. 7).

Solution: Presentation. slide 16-18

Task 6 (percentage)

We give the floor to Tsaplina Valeria (Presentation. Slide 19).

Pants are 30% more expensive than a shirt and 22% cheaper than a jacket. By what percent is the shirt cheaper than the jacket?

The speaker makes a short note and writes out the solution to the problem on the board (Fig. 8-9).

Solution (Fig. 9):

Task 7 (percentage)

We invite Faizova Marina (Presentation. Slide 20-21).

On Monday, the company's shares rose in price by a certain number of percent, and on Tuesday they fell in price by the same number of percent. As a result, they began to cost 4% cheaper than at the opening of trading on Monday. By what percent did the company's shares rise in price on Monday?

The speaker tells the solution of the problem (Fig. 10).

Solution: Presentation. slide 21

Task 8 (for mixtures and alloys)

We give the floor to Irina Bazhenova (Presentation. Slide 22-25).

The first solution contains 40% acid and the second solution contains 60% acid. By mixing these solutions and adding 5 liters of water, a 20% solution was obtained. If 5 liters of an 80% solution were added instead of water, a 70% solution would be obtained. How many liters of a 60% acid solution were there originally?

The speaker tells a step-by-step solution to the problem (Presentation. Slide 23-24), and then, after compiling the system, allows students to solve it on their own. Each student checks the result of the system solution (Presentation. Slide 25).

Solution: Presentation. Slide 23-25

4. Independent work by cards (Appendix 2)

Presenter 1. At this point, we have completed the consideration of all the main types of tasks.

We remembered the algorithms for solving text problems, analyzed the ways to solve them, clearly demonstrated the condition and the course of solving each problem, and, thanks to this, we saw all their pitfalls.

Thank you for your help in preparing and conducting the lesson. Your work will be highly appreciated.

Lead 2. But in order for this work not to be in vain, it is necessary to consolidate the material, i.e. independently solving such problems. And now we give you the opportunity to independently test yourself in solving word problems. You will learn the results of independent work in the next lesson.

So let's get started. (Presentation. Slide 26)

We will send the material to you by e-mail

The age of electronics is inexorably pushing books out of our lives. Indeed, an electronic gadget can hold a whole collection of popular reading material in a small tablet. But you must admit, how pleasant it is to leaf through a real tome, admire the embossed cover, enjoy the comfort of a home library. The editors of the site have prepared tips for you on how to choose the right shelves for books. We will talk about how to fix the rack on the wall, and consider original design ideas.

Books in the house are a sign of the education of its owners

Not everyone can afford to dedicate to a home library separate room. Most often, favorite books are placed in or in the bedroom, children's literature - in the child's room.

Modern designers offer many original and practical ideas. Recently, it has been especially popular, including modular shelving. They can change their appearance and design, move around, gather in or podiums. Such models will appeal to lovers of rearrangements.

Classic wall shelves never go out of style. They are reliable, static and can be decorated in the style of your interior. And there are many interesting ideas for implementation. Consider several options that can be used in a house or apartment.

Classics of the genre: wall-mounted bookshelves

Hanging shelves for books can be bought at any furniture store. Their range is quite wide, and you can easily pick up models that fit the main headset.

Conventionally, wall shelves can be divided into several types:

View	Description
Classic	Simple and lightweight shelves different shapes attached to bearing walls and can be assembled in rows or complex compositions. They can be in the form of a simple board, located flat or at an angle.
corner	Corner rooms for maximum use of space bookshelves- a great option. They fill the usually empty corner, and are attached to both adjoining walls. Shelves can be mounted on internal and external corners.
Suspended	If you want something unusual - hang the shelf on a beam or from the ceiling against the wall. The hinged structure must be reliable and firmly fixed, because books weigh a lot.

Wall shelves for books are good because they save space.

Built-in drywall book shelves

If your walls have suitable niches, drywall shelves can be installed in them. With the help of drywall, unusual shelves for books are obtained on the walls near windows and doors. It is easy to integrate lighting into such racks.

The only disadvantage of this solution is the fragility of the material. Such structures need additional frame reinforcement; heavy tomes should not be installed on them.

Related article:

Methods for attaching shelves to the wall

Neat and strong fastening - important point in the installation of shelves. There are several types of fasteners:

Hidden- bolts or nails are invisible on such fasteners. The shelf seems to be hanging in the air, and the main load is distributed to the metal console, hidden behind the back wall.

bracket- the metal holder is attached to the wall separately, and then the shelf is put on it and fixed in special grooves.

Corner or loop- this type of fastener does not look as neat as others, but it is distinguished by increased strength. Corners increase the strength of the structure, and built-in hinges allow you to raise or lower the shelf as needed.
Glass fasteners- this is a special type of canopies, which allows you to accurately and firmly fix the glass panel on the wall.

Important! When choosing a mount for a shelf, pay attention to the indicator of the permissible load.

If you are going to use original idea, pre-evaluate it according to several parameters:

Shelves made of wood or plywood are easy to cut yourself with a saw or saw, but it is better to order glass surfaces in the workshop. At home, it is difficult to qualitatively process the edge or perform curly cutting. You might like the ideas of using scrap materials in the manufacture of bookcases.

Master class: a small do-it-yourself wooden bookshelf

A small shelf is suitable for you, which can be installed on a windowsill, table or even on the floor. To make it, you will need a sheet of plywood, a jigsaw, a ruler, sandpaper and wood glue. Step by step description of the process:

Photo	Description
	On a sheet of plywood, you need to draw the outline of a sheep, horse, dog or any other animal if this is a shelf for a child. For an adult's room, you can limit yourself to abstract contours.
	Using a jigsaw, cut out the main part along the drawn outline.
	On the workpiece, you need to draw three grooves: two - from below and one - from above.
	The thickness of the groove should be equal to the thickness of the material from which you are making the shelf.
	This is how the workpiece looks with finished lower grooves.
	The legs of the shelf are two semicircular parts with grooves cut out from above.
	The third vertical part is made with a groove from below. When assembled, it looks like this.
	For the surface on which the books will stand, you need to mark a perpendicular line on all inserts. Use the building level for this purpose.
	On vertical inserts, cut out the guides for the shelf with a jigsaw.
	The shelf itself is a long piece with three slots.
	During final assembly, all grooves must be treated with wood glue.
	Shelf for children's books is ready. It can be painted, decoupaged or left as is.

Master class: do-it-yourself bookcase

The simplest rack can be made from ordinary planed and sanded boards.

For a job well done, you can get 1 primary score.

Approximately 12 minutes.

What you need to know when completing the 12 tasks in basic mathematics:

Task 12 in mathematics at the basic level in the exam is divided into several types:

creating a kit;
choice the best option out of two/three/four possible options.

Tasks for training

Task #1

To service an international seminar, it is necessary to assemble a group of translators. Information about the candidates is presented in the table.

translators	Languages	Cost of services (rubles per day)
1	Chinese, English	7000
2	Japanese, Chinese	6000
3	Japanese	3000
4	Japanese, French	6000
5	French	2000
6	English	4000

Using the table, gather at least one group in which the translators together are proficient in four foreign languages: English, French, Chinese and Japanese, and the total cost of their services does not exceed 12,000 rubles per day. In your answer, please indicate exactly one set of translator numbers, in which there is a translator who knows only Japanese, without spaces, commas and other additional characters.

Task #2

In order to knit a sweater, the hostess needs 1000 grams of woolen yarn. of blue color. You can buy blue yarn at a price of 120 rubles per 100 grams, or you can buy undyed yarn at a price of 80 rubles per 100 grams and dye it. One bag of paint costs 70 rubles and is designed for dyeing 500 grams of yarn. Which purchase option is cheaper? In the answer, write how much this purchase will cost.

Task #3

To make bookshelves, you need to order 40 identical glasses from one of the three companies. The area of each glass is 0.2 m 2 . The table shows prices for glass, as well as glass cutting and edge grinding. How much will the cheapest order cost?

Task #4

Some rating firm determines the value for money rating of electric shavers. The rating can be calculated based on the average price P and functionality evaluations F, quality Q and design D. Each individual indicator was rated by experts on a five-point scale with integers from 0 to 4. The formula for calculating the final rating:

R = 3(F + Q) + D - 0.01P

The table gives estimates of each indicator for several models of electric shavers. Determine which model has the lowest rating. In response, write down the value of this rating.

Shaver model	average price	Functionality	Quality	Design
A	1500 rub.	1	2	0
B	2100 rub.	2	3	2
C	3200 rub.	2	0	4
D	2800 rub.	3	3	3

The main difficulty of this task is to understand how much glass you need to buy to make bookshelves.

Task B4. For the manufacture of bookshelves, it is required to order 44 identical glasses from one of the three companies. The area of each glass is 0.25 m2. The table shows prices for glass, as well as glass cutting and edge grinding. How much will the cheapest order cost?

Typical mistakes in solving such problems:

Students completely forget that we are buying not one large glass with an area of 44 0.25 = 11 m ^ 2, but 44 small glasses. As a result, the third column remains unaccounted for;
For some reason, some people believe that glass is sold in pieces of 1 m^(1), since the price in the table is given exactly for 1 meter. In this case, the answer may also turn out to be wrong.

The second point I would like to discuss in more detail. Of course, in today's problem, the area of each small glass is 0.25 m 2, i.e. glass with an area of 1 m 2 is cut into a whole number of pieces. But sometimes the numbers are chosen so that this number turns out to be non-integer. And then what to do with the "stubs"? Throw them out? Then the answer will be wrong.

Therefore, the most correct approach would be to consider that in the task we are given one huge glass, from which we cut off as many pieces of 0.25 m 2 as we need. In this case, no extra cores will appear, and the answer will always be correct.

Today, reading books is not as important as, say, a few years ago. Modern gadgets have successfully replaced paper sources of information and not only books. Nobody argues that a computer or a smartphone has a lot of advantages. A huge amount of information is placed here, and any book can be read online anywhere and at any time. However, nothing can replace the rustle of pages and the unique smell of a book. And now, as before, there are many lovers to sit with a book in hand.

Do-it-yourself bookcase - perfect solution for any interior

The question of where to store your favorite publications is most often solved traditionally. For this, bookshelves or cabinets for an extensive library are used. You will say that the time of dusty bulky bookcases has sunk into oblivion. We agree, but they were replaced by unusual hinged shelves, interesting double-sided racks, glass display cabinets and similar design delights. In this article, we will figure out how to make a variety of bookshelves, as well as a bookcase and something else.

Choosing a place to place books and material for making shelves

All sorts of pieces of furniture designed to store books are not uncommon for modern stores. However, only do-it-yourself book shelves will fit into the interior of your home as well as possible. Such shelves or a cabinet built from improvised materials, great opportunity save money on upgrades. In addition, homemade furnishings can become a real art object that attracts the attention of guests.

Before you make a shelf, you will need to choose a suitable place for it. Remember, books are afraid of excessive moisture and bright sunlight. Therefore, when choosing the ideal place to store books, keep in mind that you can not place shelves for books near a source of moisture, as well as opposite a south window.

Design - the project of shelves or racks can be thought out independently. Usually such pieces of furniture are made of wood. Among the advantages of this material, availability and environmental friendliness should be indicated. In addition, you can use any other materials that can only be purchased at hardware stores:

laminated MDF and chipboard;
parquet boards;
laminate;
plastic.

Many of them don't even need to be customized. required dimensions, their width is often the same as the width of the books.

Advice! Remember chipboard contains toxic compounds that can adversely affect health. If using this material, it is necessary to edge the parts with a malamine edge. It is easily glued with an iron.

Who said shelves are boring. Bookshelf a la wood, your children will definitely be delighted with this. A shelf in the form of a Christmas tree can be dressed up all year round In addition, it is easily transported to another place. Consider how to make such a bookshelf with your own hands and at the same time bring joy to the little household.

It can be made from plywood. Having an approximate diagram at hand, it will not be difficult to create drawings with your own hands. The diagram in the figure is suitable as a starting point. It can be modified when preparing drawings of individual elements in accordance with the dimensions of the desired result.

Operating procedure:

After the diagrams of the elements of the product are ready, transfer them to the material and cut out the parts with an electric jigsaw or a fine-toothed saw.

Finished elements, connect with glue and carnations of a suitable size.

You will need very small nails and must be handled carefully so as not to damage the fragile material.

Before assembling the parts, treat the plywood with a special antiseptic solution. So you can extend the life of a wood product.

Also, do not forget to process all the cuts with sandpaper. This will protect you and your children from splinters and abrasions.
If there is a desire, the parts can be painted before assembly. To achieve the final resemblance to the forest beauty, use green paint.

A Christmas tree isn't the only thing your book stand can look like. Designs in the form of honeycombs look very unusual.

To create such beauty, you need to have minimal skills and knowledge, have a standard set of tools and materials, and of course desire.

It is very easy to make the scheme of such a shelf yourself. All wooden elements must have the same length and end cuts at an angle of 30º. It is only necessary to carefully consider the number of cells and their location.

It is advisable to immediately assemble the entire structure and only then fix it on the wall.

Operating procedure:

Cut out the required number of wooden elements.
Carefully sand the saw cuts with sandpaper or a grinder.
Treat with a protective agent.
Fasten the structure with glue and screws, bolts or metal brackets.
Paint or stain, it will give the wood a more expensive look. Coat the product with varnish.
After drying, place in the intended place.

For a small apartment and a small number of books, you can make a cozy hanging shelf, although it will also fit in the kitchen with success. Even a novice carpenter can make such bookshelves.

All you need is the right material wooden planks, furniture boards or plywood), as well as ropes for fastening the structure.

Operating procedure:

Make the required number of shelves according to your size.
Drill holes for the rope.
Process the blanks with a grinder or sandpaper.
Cover with stain, paint, varnish (to your taste).
It remains to secure the structure with a rope. To do this, strong knots are knitted or pegs are inserted.
Such a shelf should be fixed to the wall using metal carbines and hooks.

Advice! When creating a shelf for a nursery, do not forget to ask the child to take part in decorating the product. So you will not only give him pleasure, but also let him feel his significance and the value of his advice to you.

classic shelving

Do-it-yourself racking is a bit more troublesome than just a shelf. Its production needs to be approached more deliberately. Let's figure out how to make a classic rack yourself.

This option for storing books seems to be the most preferable due to its functionality. The rack, depending on its size, can be attached to the wall, or it can help to zone the space in the room. You can use it not only for storing books, but also for placing various little things.

With the help of the rack you can zone the space.

To create a rack, you will need detailed drawings of the product. In addition, you should decide in advance on the choice of material from which it will be made, the budget of the event directly depends on this. Precious wood shelving looks great in classic interior. However, this is not a cheap option. In this case, we advise you to use modern means for coating wooden products. They will ennoble cheap material.

However, wood can be used if the interior of your house is designed in classical notes. If the apartment is dominated by high-tech or techno style, then it is advisable to prefer other materials. For example, drywall, which is perfect for creating wall structures.

To create a classic wooden shelving unit, you will need the usual carpenter's kit:

material (wood, plywood, MDF, chipboard or other material at least 2 cm wide). The approximate width of the shelves of the bookcase is 20 cm;
saw or jigsaw;
sandpaper or grinder;
self-tapping screws and a screwdriver;
protective antiseptic;
stain, paint, varnish (at your discretion);
drill;
level;
roulette.

Operating procedure:

First of all, you will need to prepare drawings of the desired result. It is also desirable to draw a scheme for cutting the material.
Apply the drawings to the material and saw it into the required number of parts. You can use the services of the store where the material was purchased. Modern hardware stores offer services for sawing material, as well as its edging.
Next, make notches at the junction of the vertical and horizontal parts. AND through holes in the side walls at the attachment points. Attention, the diameter of the drill should be slightly smaller than the size of the screws.
Treat the cut areas with a grinder.
Using a screwdriver or screwdriver, connect the parts. Before joining, if necessary, treat the material with prepared means for protection and coloring, apply varnish.
If a back wall is also needed, then it is best to make it from fiberboard. To do this, cut out a part of the appropriate size and attach it at the back.

It remains to install the manufactured piece of furniture.

Bookshelf

DIY bookcase, what could be better? It is this option with doors that is most suitable for storing books. Storing books in a closed place will keep them for longer. long time and also protect you from dust exposure.

Before you do bookshelf its design must be carefully considered. Fortunately, there simply can not be restrictions. Cabinets can be:

with or without doors;
horizontal or vertical;
case or built-in;
modular, corner and so on.

To create a cabinet, it is preferable to use MDF boards, and for the back wall of fiberboard or masonite.

Traditionally, shelves in a cabinet are attached using brackets or corners, however, shelves cut into the sidewalls look more aesthetically pleasing, but this requires a milling tool and a special nozzle for routing the drill.

After all the details are ready, you can start assembling. It is recommended to fasten the shelves for structural strength using screws. However, you can get by with glue.

The cover is fastened with screws with preliminary countersinking. The faceplates are connected with glue and wooden dowels. The top and bottom pads are attached with glue and connecting pads screwed on from the inside.

For decoration, you can use moldings.

The bookcase is ready.

Storage space for books and small items from improvised materials

As you can see independent production storage places for books are not troublesome, and if you use obsolete objects for this, then it is very affordable. To create bookshelves with your own hands from improvised materials, it is enough to show a little ingenuity and imagination and the old useless thing can get a second life.

Moreover, a shelf can be made from a book with your own hands.

Unusual will look and invisible coasters creating the effect of levitation of books.

Now you know how to make all kinds of bookshelves with your own hands. It remains to bring your most daring projects to life.