Practical work number 7 on. Practical work on the geography of the federal state educational institution (Grade 7). Theme: Comparison of two oceans

1. Add hydrochloric acid solution. Gas is released in a test tube with sodium carbonate.

The remaining substances are dissolved in water and
phenolphthalein is added to the resulting solutions.
In one test tube with alkali, the solution turns pink.
To the remaining solutions, add a solution of nit-
rata of silver. In a test tube with magnesium chloride,
a white precipitate forms.

To the remaining solution, add concentrated
wrought sulfuric acid and a piece of copper. Heating
vaem. A brown gas is released, which is evidence
indicates the presence of sodium nitrate in the test tube:

2. Add hydrochloric solution to all substances
acids. In a test tube with carbonate,
carbon dioxide:

Gas is released in a test tube with sodium sulfide
with the smell of rotten eggs - H2S.

After dissolving the remaining substances in water
add sodium sulfate solution.
In a test tube with strontium nitrate,
white precipitate.

To the remaining solution, add a solution of chlorine
barium rida. A white precipitate of sulfate is formed
barium:

3. Add a solution to the given substance
barium chloride. A white precipitate falls out, which
indicates the presence of a sulfate ion.

When interacting with alkali or hydroxy-
ammonium hydroxide white precipitate
aluminum:

4. Sodium chloride colors the flame of the burner in
yellow.
Strontium chloride is determined by reaction with sul-
ammonium fatom, as a result of which
white precipitate:

We prove aluminum chloride by reaction with hydro-
sodium oxide

5. Dissolve the crystals in water and add
NaOH solution. Green and brown precipitates are formed.


If iron (II) sulfate contained Fe3+, then in
green sediment will have streaks or spots of brown
colors.
6. In water containing MgSO4, add dis-
creat Na2CO3. A white precipitate forms.

Mg2+ ions cause a constant hardness
water bone. This water can be softened by adding
sodium carbonate solution, since this
binding of Mg2+ ions.
In water containing Ca (HCO3) 2, add:
Na2CO3 solution, milk of lime, that is, saturated
brine solution of Ca(OH)2; boil it. Formed
white precipitate.


The presence of Ca(HCO3)2 causes the time
water hardness. This water can be softened
by adding milk of lime, soda or boiling
value, since all these processes are accompanied by
the formation of CaCO3.
7.

Practical work 7th grade

World Maps	Country maps	Continent maps	general geographic	Thematic	small scale	Medium scale	large scale
Physical map of the world The structure of the earth's crust	Physical map of Russia	Australia		The structure of the earth's crust Climate map of the world	Physical map of the world mother cards	Ulyanovsk region	Topographic maps of the Ulyanovsk region

Practical work 2

Similarities:

Young mountains in the west, old ones in the east

In the center of the continents - plains

Difference features:

In S. America, there are fewer lowlands in area, and more in South America

In South America, there is more contrast (mountains - lowlands).

Practical work 3, 4

Signs for comparison	equatorial belt africa	subequatorial
	Around the equator	Between the tropic and the equator
air masses
	1000 - 2000 mm	In summer - 1500-2000 computers (wet) Winter - 250 mm TVM (dry)
	Floods, high humidity - negative.	Winter droughts - negative.

Practical work 5

Practical work 6

		Population density, person/km²
S. America
South America
Australia

Practical work 7

2. Eskimos, Evenks, Indians

Practical work 8

Practical work 9

O. Madagascar

Lakes. Most are of tectonic and volcanic origin. Of the large lakes stand out: Alautra, Mantasua

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"Practical work Grade 7"

Practical work Grade 7

Grouping textbook and atlas maps according to different criteria

Give examples in the atlas of the following maps:

World Maps	Country maps	Continent maps	general geographic	Thematic	small scale	Medium scale	large scale
Physical map of the world The structure of the earth's crust	Physical map of Russia	Australia	Topographic maps of the Ulyanovsk region	The structure of the earth's crust Climate map of the world	Physical map of the world mother cards	Ulyanovsk region	Topographic maps of the Ulyanovsk region

Practical work 2

Reading maps, space and aerial photographs of the continents. Description on the relief map of one of the continents. Comparison of the relief of two continents, identification of the causes of similarities and differences.

1. Description of the relief of the African continent.

In Africa, plains predominate, because. at the base of the mainland lies a platform.

In the north of the mainland are the Atlas mountains, in the south the Cape and Drakon.

2. Comparison of the relief of North America with South America.

Similarities:

Young mountains in the west, old mountains in the east

Plains in the center of the continents

Difference features:

In S. America, there are fewer lowlands in area, and more in South America

The belt of mountains in S. America is wide, in South America it is wider

In South America, there is more contrast (mountains - lowlands).

Practical work 3, 4

Signs for comparison	equatorial belt africa	subequatorial
	Around the equator	Between the tropic and the equator
air masses
Annual amount of precipitation, their regime; reasons for differences	1000 – 2000 mm	In summer - 1500-2000 computers (wet) Winter - 250 mm TVM (dry)
The impact of climate on the life of the population	Floods, high humidity – negative. Growing tropical crops, large yields pos.	Winter droughts - negative.

Practical work 5

Analysis of maps of anthropogenic landscapes. Identification of continents with the largest areas of such landscapes.

1m. Eurasia, 2. Africa, 3. South America, 4. North America, 5. Australia, 6. Antarctica (number of population)

Practical work 6

Comparative description of the number, population density of the continents

		Population, million people		Population density, person/km²
S. America
South America
Australia

Practical work 7

Simulation on contour map accommodation of the largest ethnic groups and small peoples, as well as large cities

1. Chinese, Arabs, Hindustanis, Americans, Bengalis, Brazilians, Russians, Mexicans, Japanese.

2. Eskimos, Evenks, Indians

Practical work 8

Identification and reflection on the contour map of the transport, commercial, raw material, recreational and other functions of one of the oceans.

Practical work 9

Description on maps and other sources of information, features of the GP, nature and population of one of the large islands

O. Madagascar

1. GP. Located in the western part of the Indian Ocean. It is separated from Africa by the Mozambique Channel.

2. Relief. In the central part it is elevated 1000 m, along the lowland coast 200 m.

3. Minerals: titanium, copper, lead, zinc. Especially significant are the reserves of graphite and mica, in which Madagascar ranks first in Africa and, respectively, fourth and second in the world.

4. Subevatorial (humid), tropical (dry). The amount of precipitation is 1000-1500 mm per year.

t° - 25°- 30°. Precipitation is mainly in summer.

5. Rivers. Many Large - Manguru, Mananara, Bemarivu

Lakes. Most are of tectonic and volcanic origin. Of the large lakes stand out: Alautra, Mantasua

6. Natural areas: evergreen forests, tropical deserts. There are no large mammals, except for imported domestic animals, but lemurs and small insectivorous animals are diverse here, among which tenrecs and geckos are endemic.

7. Malagasy. agriculture. Catch a fish

Evaluative practical work in the 7th grade according to the Federal State Educational Standard (total 15 works)

Practical work No. 1
Designation on the contour map of lithospheric plates and seismic belts of the Earth A. 1. Using the atlas map, draw the boundaries of the Earth's lithospheric plates and sign them;
2. Select platforms within the continental part of the plates using the map of the structure of the earth's crust in the atlas;
3. Find the same places on the physical map and determine the landforms. Sign the name on the c / c in the platform area;
4. Apply hatching belts of earthquakes and volcanism of the Earth;
5. Apply without a signature the direction of the mountain systems of the world on the continents.
B. In the oceans - the direction of underwater ridges.
What conclusion can be drawn from the overlay of maps about -
a) the location of the plains;
b) the location of mountain systems
within the lithospheric plates?

Practical work №2
Designation on the c / c of the climatic zones of the Earth and a description of the climate of the place on the climate map

Find on the map "Climatic zones of the Earth" approximate average parallels for each climatic zone:

a) ek 0?; b) sub 10?; c) trope. 20?; d) subtr. 40?; d) died. 50?; e) 60?

draw approximate boundaries of the Earth's belts on a c / c and sign them in abbreviated form;

show the directions of constant winds in the tropical, temperate and polar zones with arrows;

map the city from the map. Describe the climate in this city (6 options):

a) - cf. t? January;
b) - cf. t? July;
c) - amplitude;
d) - min t?;
e) - max. t?;
f) - annual amount of precipitation;
g) - the direction of the winds in summer;
h) - wind direction in winter;
i) the climatic zone of the city.

Practical work No. 3

See textbook p.70

Practical work No. 4
Description of the geographical location of the mainland Using a physical map of the hemispheres and the mainland, describe its position:

Extreme points:

What oceans do they wash? Which side.

What seas and bays are washed by?

How does it lie relative to other continents?

In what climate zones is it located?

One column of the table for each option remains empty .

Practical work No. 5
Characteristics of PC Africa on maps.
Using maps of the structure of the earth's crust of the world, a physical map of Africa, climatic natural zones and a comprehensive one, give a description of the PC:
a) - the northwestern part; b) - southwestern part.
According to the plan:

Geographical position PC;

The relief of the territory depending on the structure of the earth's crust;

Minerals in PC;

Climatic zone and its features;

Water objects and their characteristic features;

Typical plants and animals in PC;

Possibilities of economic activity of people.

Practical work No. 6 "Description of the country according to the plan"
Country profile

Human economic activity
a) types of work
b) big cities

Ecological problems

Practical work No. 7

Comparison of the geographic location of Africa and Australia The basis for the performance of the work is practical work No. 5.

Fill in the empty column in the PR. No. 5;

Determine the geographical coordinates of the extreme points;

Name the similarities in the position of Africa and Australia (write in a notebook as a conclusion);

What is the main difference between the position of the continents?

Practical work No. 8

Comparison of the GP of the continents of South America and Africa, similarities and differences.

Practical work No. 9
Description of the South American river (Orinoco, Parana) Describe the Orinoco River, Parana, using atlas maps, atlas tables and plan.
The description can be arranged in a table or in a narrative text, or it can be made in a short film using conventional notation.
Plan:

Geographical position:

a) in what part of the mainland;
b) source, direction of flow, mouth;
c) which ocean basin;
d) the length of the river.

What is the terrain along which the river flows. How does this affect its nature of the flow? The nature of the river.

Nutrition and regime of the river. In what climatic zones does the river flow, how does this affect its nutrition and regime?

Man's economic use of the river.

How might the nature of the river change in the future?

Practical work No. 10
Characteristics of the nature of the country and the population of one of the countries of South America Give a description of the country: Chile, Venezuela. Plan:

Geographical location (part of the mainland, neighbors, access to the ocean, sea, capital).

Relief features (basic forms, heights). Minerals, impact on economic activity.

Climatic conditions (belt, t? January, t? July, annual precipitation), the presence of seasons. Impact on economic activity.

Rivers and lakes. Use in the economy.

Natural areas (vegetation, soil, animals).

The peoples of the country, their main occupations. Tools of labor, dwellings, clothes, traditions.

Big cities.

What crops are grown, what animals are bred.

Practical work No. 11

Designation on c / c routes of scientific expeditions in 4 oceans of the world. Designation on the map of 1-2 travel objects, whose names the objects are named. A. 1. On the world map, mark 2-3 routes of any travel within the ocean with arrows, indicate the years and the leader of the trip on the arrow;
Use the list "The most important geographical discoveries and travels"
2. Find 1-2 objects in the ocean that bear names associated with people who participated in the designated expeditions.
You can, on the contrary, apply 1-2 objects, and then the expeditions of these scientists.
B. Model your own expedition to one of the oceans, write the purpose of your trip on the arrow.

Practical work No. 12
Characteristics of the climate of North America. Fill in the table using the map:

0 -8?

16?

10?

16?

2000 m

500 m

All year long
More in summer

Moderate
moderate

temperate continent

Peninsula California
thirty? NL
Peninsula Florida

16?

16?+24?

24?+30?

250-500

1000-2000

More in winter

All year, more in summer

Subtr.

Subtr.

Mediterranean.

monsoon

similarities

Practical work No. 13

Characteristics of one of the countries of North America (according to the contour map) Using different maps of the atlas, give a description of the country:
Mexico - Canada in a cartographic way. On the c / c put the features of the countries in accordance with the plan for describing the country.

Geographical location (borders, neighbors, seas, oceans);

Relief and minerals;

Rivers and lakes;

Borders of climatic zones;

Hatching natural areas;

Big cities;

Conventionally, what is grown, who is bred;

Select the areas most developed by man.

Practical work No. 14
Features of the geographical location of Eurasia and its influence on the nature of the mainland
The relationship of geographical location and features of nature

Practical work No. 15
Characteristics of the climate of the place according to the climatogram A. Using the chart card to determine:

January average temperature

July average temperature

Amplitude -

Annual rainfall -

Their routine throughout the year is

Wettest month -

The driest month

Are the seasons expressed? Which?

Conclude: what is the climate zone and type of climate.

B . Get two charts of Eurasia and North America. Draw conclusions about similarities and differences

Practical work number 1.

Designation on the contour map of the continents and oceans.

Progress:

Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, on the contour map, in black, sign the names of the continents, indicate their area and sign the names of their discoverers, and in blue - the names of the oceans.

Practical work number 2.

Solving problems on a geographical map.

Progress:

Using a physical map of the world (pp. 2 - 3) or a globe, fill in the table:

Option 1.

geographical feature	Geographical coordinates	Direction from Moscow	Distance from Moscow	Altitude
London Volk. kilimanjaro Cape Chelyuskin South Pole

Option 2.

geographical feature	Geographical coordinates	Direction from Moscow	Distance from Moscow	Altitude
New Orleans North Pole Aconcagua cape byron

Practical work number 3.

Determining the direction of movement of lithospheric plates on the map and predicting their position in the distant future.

Progress:

The work is carried out according to the following plan:

Using the map of the atlas "The structure of the earth's crust", determine

1. in what direction and at what speed does each lithospheric plate move.

2. Name the regions of the Earth where the divergence occurs, and where the collision (compression) of lithospheric plates occurs.

3. What forms of relief are formed at the places of divergence and collision of lithospheric plates?

4. Imagine how the continents and oceans will be located in many millions of years.

5. Make a schematic drawing of the location of the continents and oceans in the distant future.

Practical work number 4.

Identification on the map of coasts and shelf as special territorial-aquatic natural complexes.

Progress:

Using the physical map of the world (atlas, pp. 2 - 3) and the list of geographical nomenclature (see below), on the contour map of the world, shade the shelf zone of the World Ocean in blue (shelf - continental shelf to a depth of 200 m), sign the names of the oceans in blue , the largest seas, bays and straits, and in black - the names of the continents, the largest islands and peninsulas of the Earth.

List of geographical nomenclature:

Oceans:

Atlantic;

Indian;

Arctic;

Seas:

Baltic;

Beringovo;

East Siberian;

Mediterranean;

Tasmanovo;

Philippine;

South China;

Bays:

Bengal;

Big Australian;

Guinean;

Hudson;

Mexican;

Straits:

Beringov;

Gibraltar;

Magellan;

Mozambican;

Islands:

Great Britain;

Greenland;

Iceland;

Kalimantan;

Madagascar;

New Guinea;

New Zealand;

Japanese;

Peninsulas:

Arabian;

Hindustan;

Kamchatka

Practical work number 5.

Designation on the contour map of areas of high population density, directions of migration in the past and current population movements.

Progress:

Using a political map of the world, on a contour map, mark the boundaries of the 10 largest countries in the world by population and sign their names;

Using the map “Peoples and population density of the world” on pages 12-13 of the atlas, shade the main areas of population distribution:

1. Eastern, Southeast and South Asia, Central and Southern Europe and the eastern United States;

2. Arrows of blue color outline the main routes of population migration in the 16th - early 20th centuries: from Europe to North and South America, Australia and South Africa, from Africa to North and South America;

3. Use red arrows to indicate the paths of modern population migration: from the CIS countries to Russia, from Russia and Eastern Europe to Western Europe, from East Asia and Mexico to the USA, from North Africa and Southwest Asia (Middle East) - to the countries of Western Europe;

4. Make a conclusion about the distribution of the world's population and changes in the direction of migration.

Practical work number 6.

Designation on the contour map of the names of the objects under study and definition geographical coordinates extreme points.

Progress:

When studying the topic “Geographical position of Africa”, using the physical map of Africa (atlas, p. 14), on the contour map of Africa:

Mark the equator in red, the zero (Greenwich) meridian in blue, the North and South tropics in yellow;

Determine the length of Africa from north to south along 20o E. and from west to east along the equator and along 20o N;

Sign the names of the following geographical features:

oceans: Atlantic and Indian;

seas: Mediterranean and Red;

bays: Guinea and Aden;

straits: Gibraltar, Bab el-Mandeb, and Mozambique;

islands: Canary, Comoros, Madagascar and Zanzibar;

peninsula: Somalia;

extreme points: Cape Ben Secca (Ras Engel, El Abyad), Cape Agulhas, Cape Almadi, Cape Ras Hafun;

channel: Suez.

Determine the coordinates of the extreme points of Africa.

Practical work number 7.

Designation on the contour map of large landforms and mineral deposits.

Progress.

Mark on the contour map:

Plains, East African Plateau;

mountains: Atlas, Draconian, Ethiopian Highlands;

the highest point of the mainland: Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m);

the lowest point of the mainland: the level of Lake Assal (-157 m).

Practical work number 8.

Determining the types of African climates from climatograms.

Progress:

According to the climatograms given in the atlas (p. 15), determine the type of climate in the cities of Addis Ababa, Algeria, Wallen and Debunja, substantiating your answer by the annual variation in air temperature and precipitation.

Practical work number 9.

Make a description of the humid equatorial forests of Africa.

Progress:

Using atlases, a textbook, compose a story about the humid equatorial forests.

Plan:

Geographic location of the zone.

Climatic conditions.

Soils.

Vegetation.

Animal world.

Describing the natural area, reveal the relationship between the components of nature.

Practical work number 10.

Compilation of maps and other sources of knowledge describing the nature, population and economic activities of one of the African countries.

Progress:

The work is carried out in the form of a report, abstract, essay according to a standard plan:

Plan of the physical and geographical characteristics of the country:

The name of the country and its capital;

Physical and geographical position of the country:

a) the position of the country on the mainland;

b) the area of ​​the territory;

c) with which countries and where it borders;

d) the position of the country in relation to the seas and oceans surrounding it;

d) natural areas;

e) dominant soils;

4. Population and its economic activity:

b) the dominant peoples;

c) the largest cities;

Practical work number 11.

Comparison of the geographic location of Australia and Africa.

Progress:

Plan	similarities	Features of difference
		Australia	Africa
1. The size of the continents
5. The nature of the coastline
7. Conclusion

Practical work number 12.

Substantiation of the reasons for the modern distribution of the indigenous population of Australia.

Progress:

The work is carried out in the form of an essay according to a standard plan:

Natural features of the country:

a) features of the structure of the earth's crust, the main landforms and minerals;

b) characteristic features of the climate (climatic zones, average temperatures in January and July, annual precipitation and their seasonality);

c) inland waters (largest rivers and lakes, their characteristic features);

d) natural areas;

e) dominant soils;

f) typical representatives of flora and fauna;

2. Population and its economic activity:

a) the number and location of the population;

b) the dominant peoples;

c) the largest cities;

d) what minerals are mined;

e) leading industries;

f) the main agricultural crops and livestock sectors;

g) the impact of human economic activity on the natural environment.

Practical work number 13.

Comparison of the geographical location of South America and Africa.

Progress:

Using the maps of the atlas, fill in the table "Comparison of the geographic location of Australia and Africa":

Plan	similarities	Features of difference
		South America	Africa
1. The size of the continents
2. The position of the continents relative to the equator and the prime meridian
3. In which hemispheres are
4. Oceans washing the shores of the continents
5. The nature of the coastline
6. Position relative to other continents
7. Conclusion

Practical work number 14.

Comparison of major river systems in Africa and South America.

Progress :

Using the maps of the atlas, the textbook test and other literature, fill in the table (the work is done according to the options):

Plan	similarities	Features of difference
		Africa river	South American river
Position on the mainland
Which ocean basin does it belong to?
Pool area
Location of the source and its coordinates
View of the mouth and its coordinates
Main river length
Current direction
The nature of the flow
Feeding the river
River mode
The largest left tributaries
Major right tributaries
Countries located in the river basin
Largest cities
Man's use of the river

Option 1.Comparison of Congo and Parana.

Option 2.Comparison of the Nile and the Amazon.

Practical work number 15.

Designation on the contour map of the countries of South America and their capitals.

Progress:

Using the atlas (p. 10 - 11), mark on the outline map of South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana (fr.), Colombia, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Falkland islands (brit.), Chile, Ecuador and sign the names of their capitals (administrative centers).

Color in black the colonial possessions of France and Great Britain.

in green fill in the countries that do not have access to the sea.

Color in red a country located on two continents.

Practical work No. 16.

The image on the contour map of the shelf zones of the oceans.

Progress:

Mark the oceans, sign their name.

Mark the shelves in blue.

Mark in red the routes of scientific, industrial, recreational expeditions of one of the (selected) oceans.

Conventional signs show the types of economic activities of the population in the ocean.

Practical work number 17.

Comparison of the nature of the Arctic and Antarctic

During the classes:

Fill the table:

Plan	similarities	Features of difference
		Arctic	Antarctic
1. Features of the geographical location
2. The nature of the underlying surface
3. Character traits climate
4. Features of the animal and flora
5. Conclusion

Protection of projects for the practical use of Antarctica or the Arctic Ocean in various fields of human activity.

Practical work number 18.

Comparison of the climate of individual parts of the mainland located in the same climatic zone.

Progress:

Using the maps of the atlas, fill in the table and draw a conclusion about the differences in the climate of individual parts of the mainland located in the same climatic zone:

Option 1.Comparison of the climates of the Florida Peninsula and the California Peninsula .

Territory	Geographical position	climate zone	Climate type	Average temperature ( O WITH)		Annual precipitation	Precipitation regime
				January	July
Florida
California

Option 2.Comparison of the climate of the Alaska Peninsula and the Labrador Peninsula .

Territory	Geographical position	climate zone	Climate type	Average temperature ( O WITH)		Annual precipitation	Precipitation regime
				January	July
Alaska Peninsula
Peninsula Labrador

Practical work number 19.

Drawing up a project of a possible trip to the countries of North America.

Creative work, presented in the form: (one thing)

computer presentation

booklet

Works.

A description of modern landscapes and differences in the nature of the development of the territory along the line is obligatory.

Practical work number 20.

Comparison of natural zones along the 40th parallel in Eurasia and North America, identification of the causes of similarities and differences in the alternation of natural zones.

Progress:

Option 1.

Using atlas maps:

3) Enter the results of the work in the table:

natural areas		similarities	Features of difference
in Eurasia	in North America

Option 2.

Practical work number 21.

Comparison of natural zones along the 40th parallel in Eurasia and North America, identification of the causes of similarities and differences in the alternation of natural zones.

Progress:

Option 1.

Using atlas maps:

1) write down all the natural zones of Eurasia and North America from west to east along 40 ° N;

2) Identify the similarities and differences in natural ingredients natural areas ( average temperature January and July, annual precipitation and its seasonality, inland waters, soils, vegetation and animal world) and their location on the territory of the continents;

3) Enter the results of the work in the table:

natural areas

similarities

Features of difference

in Eurasia

in North America

4) Make a conclusion about the reasons for the diversity of natural zones and the nature of their location on the continents.

Option 2.

Using the maps of the atlas, on the contour map of Eurasia, mark and sign the names of all natural zones located at 40 ° N with different colors. and answer the following questions:

1) What natural zones of Eurasia at the 40th parallel are absent at the same latitude in North America?

2) What are the natural zones of North America at 40 ° N.L. absent on the same parallel in Eurasia?

3) How does the location of natural zones differ in Eurasia and North America? What are the main reasons for these differences?

Practical work number 22.

Drawing on the contour map of the largest countries of Eurasia and their capitals.

Progress:

Using the political map of the world (atlas, pp. 10 - 11):

1) mark the borders and sign the names of Bangladesh, Great Britain, Vietnam, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Ukraine, Philippines, France, Japan;

2) sign the names of the capitals of these countries;

3) Color in red the territory of the largest country in terms of area, and in yellow - the largest in terms of population.

Practical work number 23.

Compilation of a "catalog" of countries in Europe and Asia.

During the classes:

Using various sources of information, compile a “catalog” of the countries of Eurasia, noting the most important statistics of the countries listed:

· the name of the country;

· state flag;

state structure;

· the area of ​​the land;

· Population;

the capital.

Enter data on countries in the table:

A country	State flag	State structure	The area of ​​the land (thousand km 2 )	Population (million people)	Capital

Option 1. Asian countries.

Option 2. European countries.

Practical work number 24.

Compilation of the simplest maps of the placement of cultural and historical centers of Europe and Asia.

Progress:

Using the maps of the atlas and additional literature, on the contour map of Europe or Asia (depending on the option), mark at least 10 most important historical and cultural centers with conventional symbols different countries these continents and sign the names of countries and marked centers.

Option 1. Historical and cultural centers of Europe.

Option 2. Historical and cultural centers of Asia.

Practical work number 25.

Work on the ground to identify the components of natural complexes and draw up the simplest plan of the area.

Progress:

1) During the tour, conduct route shooting and draw up a plan of the area.

2) In a notebook, give short description the route of movement, indicating the observed changes in the nature of the relief, inland waters, soils and vegetation.

Topics of practical work:

• Practical work №1. Entering data into cells, editing data, changing the width of a column, inserting a row (column)
• Practical work №3. Table Formatting
• Practical work No. 4. Absolute and relative cell addressing
• Practical work No. 5. Built-in Functions
• Practical work No. 6. Logic functions
• Practical work No. 7. Linking worksheets
• Practical work No. 8. Data processing with ET
• Practical work No. 9. Solving problems with the help of ET
• Practical work №10. Formalization and computer modeling

Practical work №1. Entering data into cells, editing data, changing the width of a column, inserting a row (column)

edit:

1) select the desired cell;
2) click with the mouse in the formula bar or double-click with the left mouse button inside the cell;
3) edit the contents of the cell;
4) press Enter or click the mouse in another cell.

Change column width (row height):

1) move the mouse cursor to the border of the column (row), the cursor will take the form of a double arrow;
2) move the border to right size without releasing the left mouse button;
3) release the left mouse button.

Inserting a row (column)

1) select the row (column) before (left) which you want to insert a new row (column);
2) select Insert, Rows (Columns)

Exercise.

1) Enter the data of the following table:

Adjust the column width so that all entries are visible.

2) Insert a new column before column A. In the cell A1 enter No. p / p, number the cells A2:A7, using autocomplete, for this into a cell A2 enter 1, into the cell A3 enter 2, select those cells, drag the marker Autocomplete down to line 7.

3) Insert a line for the table name. In cell A1, enter the name of the table Individual deposits of a commercial bank.

4) Save the table in your folder as bank.xls

Practical work №2. Entering formulas

The formula entry begins with the "=" sign. Formulas contain numbers, cell names, operation signs, parentheses, function names. The whole formula is written in a line, the characters line up sequentially one after another.

Exercise.

1) Open the file bank.xls "Sheet 2" table with "Sheet 1".

2) To cell C9 enter the formula to find the total amount =C3+C4+C5+C6+C7+C8, then press Enter.

3) To cell D3 enter the formula for finding the share of the total contribution, \u003d C3 / C9 * 100, then press Enter.

4) Similarly, we find the share of the total contribution for the cells D4, D5, D6, D7, D8

5) For a group of cells C3:C9 install Thousand separator and digits Two digits after the decimal point, using the following buttons , , .
6) For a group of cells D3:D8 set bit depth Integer using button
7) Add two lines after the table name. Enter the text Date in cell A2, the current date in cell B2 (for example, 09/10/2008), the text Time in cell A3, and the current time in cell B3 (for example, 10:08). Select the date and time format in the corresponding cells as you wish.
8) As a result of the task, we get a table

Practical work №3. Table Formatting

1) To change the format of cells, you must:

• select a cell (group of cells);
• choose Format, Cells;
• in the dialog box that appears, select the desired tab ( Number, Alignment, Font, Border);
• select the desired category;
• press OK.

2) To merge cells, you can use the button Merge and center on the toolbar

Exercise. 1) Open the file bank.xls created in the previous lesson.

2) Merge cells A1:D1.

3) For cells B5:E5 install Format, Cells, Alignment, Wrap, having previously reduced the size of the fields, for the cell AT 4 install Format, Cells, Alignment, Orientation - 450, for cell C4 install Format, Cells, Alignment, Horizontal and Vertical - Center

4) Using the command Format, Cells, Border set the necessary boundaries
5) Format the table according to the sample at the end of the job.

9) Save the document with the same name.

Practical work No. 4. Absolute and relative cell addressing

1) The formula must begin with the "=" sign.
2) Each cell has its own address, consisting of a column name and a row number, for example: B3, $A$10, F$7.
3) Addresses are relative (A3, H7, B9), absolute ($A$8, $F$12 - both column and row are fixed) and mixed ($A7 - only column is fixed, C$12 - only row is fixed). F4 - a key for setting an absolute or mixed address in the formula bar.
4) Relative cell address changes when copying a formula, absolute address does not change when copying a formula
5) To find the amount, you can use the button Autosummation, which is located on the toolbar

Exercise.

1) Open the file bank.xls created in the previous lesson. Copy to "Sheet 3" table with "Sheet 1".
2) To cell C9 enter a formula to find the total amount, to do this, select the cell C9, press the button Autosummation, select a group of cells C3:C8, then press Enter.

3) To cell D3 enter a formula to find the share of the total contribution using an absolute cell reference C9: =C3/$C$9*100.

4) Copy the given formula for a group of cells D4:D8 in any way.
5) Add two lines after the table name. Enter the text Date in cell A2, the current date in cell B2 (for example, 09/10/2008), the text Time in cell A3, and the current time in cell B3 (for example, 10:08). Select the date and time format in the corresponding cells as you wish.
6) Compare the resulting table with the table created in the previous lesson.
7) Add a line after the third line. Type in cell AT 4 text dollar exchange rate, to cell C4- number 23,20 , to cell E5 enter text Deposit amount, rub.
8) Using absolute reference, in cells E6:E11 find the value of the deposit amount in rubles.

9) Save the document with the same name.

Practical work No. 5. Built-in Functions

Excel contains over 400 built-in functions to perform standard features to perform standard calculations.
The input of the function begins with the sign = (equal to). The function name is followed by a semicolon-separated list of arguments in parentheses.
To insert a function, select the cell in which the formula will be entered, enter the = sign from the keyboard, and press the Function Wizard button on the formula bar. In the dialog box that appears

select the required category (mathematical, statistical, text, etc.), select the required function in this category. Functions SUM, SUMIF are in the category Mathematical , functions CHECK, COUNTIF, MAX, MIN are in the category Statistical .
Exercise. Given a sequence of numbers: 25, –61, 0, –82, 18, –11, 0, 30, 15, –31, 0, –58, 22. To cell A1 enter the current date. Enter the numbers in the cells of the third row. Fill in the cells K5:K14 the corresponding formulas.

Format the table like this:

Sheet 1 rename to Numbers, delete the rest of the sheets. Save the result in your folder under the name Numbers.xls.

Practical work No. 6. Linking worksheets

In formulas, you can refer not only to data within one sheet, but also to data located in cells of other sheets of this workbook and even in another workbook. A reference to a cell in another sheet consists of the sheet name and the cell name (there is an exclamation mark between the names!).
Exercise. Create a table on the first sheet Wage for January"

On the second sheet, create a table "Salary for February"

Rename the workbook sheets: instead of Sheet 1, enter January salary , instead of Sheet 2 enter February salary , instead of Sheet 3 enter Total accrued . Fill in the sheet Total accrued initial data.

Fill in the empty cells, to do this, enter the formula in cell C9, enter the formula in cell D9, enter the appropriate formulas in the remaining cells.

Save the document with a name salary .

Practical work No. 7. Logic functions

Boolean functions are designed to test whether a condition is met or to test multiple conditions.
IF function allows you to determine whether the specified condition is met. If the condition is true, then the value of the cell will be expression 1, otherwise - expression 2.
=IF(condition; expression 1; expression 2)
For example, \u003d IF (B2\u003e 20; "warm"; "cold")
If the value in cell B2>20, then a message is displayed warm, otherwise - Cold.

Exercise 1.

1) Fill in the table and format it like this:

2) Fill in empty cells with formulas. The applicant is enrolled in the institute if the grade in mathematics is 4 or 5, otherwise not.
3) Save the document with a name student.
Together with IF function boolean functions are used AND, OR, NOT.
For example, =IF(AND(E4<3; Н8>=3); "will win"; "lose"). If the value in cell E4<3 и Н8>=3, then the message will win, otherwise it will lose.

Task 2.

1) Open the "Student" file.
2) Copy the table to Sheet 2.
3) Add an empty line after the table name. Enter in cell B2 Passing score, in cell C2 the number 13. Let's change the condition for enrolling an applicant: an applicant is enrolled in the institute if the total score is greater than or equal to passing score and a math score of 4 or 5, otherwise no.

4) Save the received document.

Practical work No. 8. Data processing using ET

1. Fill in the tables.
2. Fill in empty cells with formulas. A dry month is one in which the amount of precipitation is less than 15 mm (use the COUNTIF formula).
3. Fill in the column Forecast:

• drought if rainfall< 15 мм;
• rainy if rainfall >70 mm;
• normal (otherwise).

4. Present table data Rainfall (mm) graphically, placing the diagram on sheet 2. Choose the chart type and design elements of your choice.
5. Rename Sheet 1 V Meteo, Sheet 2 V Diagram. Delete extra workbook sheets.

6) Set the sheet orientation to landscape, specify in the header ( View, Footer) your last name, and in the bottom - the date of the work.
7) Save the table with a name meteo.

Practical work No. 9. Solving problems using ET

Task 1. Imagine yourself as one of the members of the jury of the game "Formula of Fortune". You are instructed to track the number of points scored by each player and calculate the total winnings in rubles in accordance with the current exchange rate, as well as announce the winner based on the results of the game. Each point scored in the game corresponds to 1 dollar.
1. Prepare a table according to the model:

2. In cells E7:E9 enter formulas for calculation Total winnings per game (rubles) each participant, into cells Q10:D10 enter formulas to calculate the total points for a round.
3. To cell AT 12 enter a logical function to determine the winner of the game (the winner of the game is the participant in the game who has the largest total winnings for the game)
4. Check that when changing the exchange rate and the number of points of participants, the contents of the cells in which the formulas are set change.
5. Save the document with a name Luck Formula.

Additional task.

Complete one of the tasks below.

1. For a currency exchange office, create a table in which the operator, entering a number (the number of dollars exchanged), would immediately receive an answer in the form of an amount in rubles.
Reflect the current dollar exchange rate in a separate cell. Rename Sheet 1 V Exchange office. Save the document with a name Exchange office.

2. Young trees were planted in the park: 68 birches, 70 aspens and 57 poplars. Count the total number of trees planted, their percentage. Build a three-dimensional version of the pie chart.
Save the document with a name A park.

Practical work №10. Formalization and computer modeling

When solving a specific problem, it is necessary to formalize the information presented in it, and then, on the basis of formalization, build a mathematical model of the problem, and when solving a problem on a computer, it is necessary to build a computer model of the problem.

Example 1 Every day air temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure are transmitted by radio. Determine on which days of the week the atmospheric pressure was normal, high or low - this information is very important for weather-sensitive people.

Formalization of the problem - atmospheric pressure is considered:

• normal if it is in the range from 755 to 765 mm Hg;
• reduced - within 720-754 mm Hg;
• elevated - up to 780 mm Hg.

To simulate a specific situation, we use the logical functions of MS Excel.

2. To cell C3 enter a logical function to determine what (normal, high or low) pressure was on each of the days of the week.
3. Check how the value of the cell containing the formula changes when the numerical value of atmospheric pressure changes.
4. Save the document with a name Atmosphere pressure.

Additional task.

In 1228, the Italian mathematician Fibonacci formulated the problem: “Someone placed a pair of rabbits in a certain place, enclosed on all sides by a wall. How many pairs of rabbits will be born at the same time during the year, if the nature of rabbits is such that every month, starting from the third month after their birth, a pair of rabbits produces another pair?

Formalization of the task:

This problem is reduced to a sequence of numbers, later called the "Fibonacci Sequence": 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...,
Where the first two terms of the sequence are equal to 1, and each next term of the sequence is equal to the sum of the two previous ones.
Perform a computer simulation of the Fibonacci problem.