Plate cooler SAC. Plate cooler for milk. Characteristics How the plate heat exchanger works

The plate cooler (Fig. 75) consists of a set of stamped stainless steel plates, which are isolated from each other by rubber gaskets. The plates are fastened with two sidewalls tightened with bolts. Channels for milk and coolant are separated. When cooling with cold water, a counterflow scheme of milk and water is used.

The number of plates in the working package determines the heat exchange surface and the performance of the cooler, which is calculated taking into account the initial temperature of the coolant and milk in heat exchange, and the required final temperature of the milk.

The coolers are designed for operation at a ratio of milk and cooling water supply equal to 1:3, and when cooled with brine - 1:2. Plate coolers are used as part of OM-1 and OM-1A milk cleaning units, OOT-M and OOU-M automated units, which provide two-stage cooling. In the first section, milk is cooled with tap water, and in the second section, it is additionally cooled with brine or water cooled in the refrigeration system.

Fig.75. Scheme of operation of the plate cooler:

1 - sidewalls; 2 - plate; 3 - gaskets; 4 - hot water outlet hose; 5 - milk supply hose; 6 - cold water supply hose; 7 - chilled milk outlet hose.

Cleaner-cooler OM-1 (Fig. 76) consists of a frame on which a separator-cleaner, an electric motor and a plate cooler are installed, connected in a single production line.

Fig.76. Cleaner-cooler OM-1:

1 - milk cooler; 2 - centrifuge; 3 - bed

In the cleaner, the drum speed is 100 s -1 . It is equipped with a pressure disc that provides the necessary pressure to move the milk. The performance of the cleaner is 1000 dm 3 /h, weight 200 kg, electric motor power 1.1 kW.

During the operation of plate coolers, they should not only be washed with water and disinfectant solutions after the end of milk processing, but also disassemble, clean and wash at least once a week.

7.6 Milk transport and storage equipment

Milk is transported in flasks and tanks. The tanks are equipped with an insulating layer that protects the milk from heating. Tank capacity 2000 ... 10 000 kg. They are self-propelled based on the chassis of the car and removable.

In our country, ATsPT-5.6 milk tanks with a capacity of 5600 liters (on the chassis of a MAZ-type car) are widely used; ATsPT-53 and ATsPT-2.8-130 - 2800 l (on the chassis of cars of the GAZ and ZIL types), ATsPT-2.1A- 2100 l (on the chassis of a GAZ car).

The tanks are covered with a layer of insulation, due to which in 10 hours summer time the temperature of the milk rises by 1.5 ... 2 "C.

A trailer with a capacity of 2800 liters is attached to the tank based on the chassis of a MAZ-type car.

Inside the farm, milk is transported using milk pumps (centrifugal, plunger and diaphragm), through pipelines and in technological equipment that does not have its own pressure devices.

For cream and other viscous liquids, gear pumps are used below the level of the container.

Milk is stored in tanks, and dairy products are stored in refrigerators.

LIST OF USED SOURCES

1. Mechanization and automation in the creation and production of plants / O.S. Marchenko, O.V. Datsishin, Yu.M. Lavrinenko and others; for red.

O.S. Marchenko.- K: "Harvest" -1995 - 416 p.

3. Heat power installations and systems in the agricultural state /B.Kh.Draganov, O.F.Bulyanda, A.V.Mishchenko. - K .: Harvest, 1995 - 224 p.

V.G.Koba, N.V.Braginets, D.N., Murusidze. Mechanization and technology of livestock production.-, M: "Agropromizdat".-2000-293 p.

4. Revenko I.I., Braginets M.V., Rebenko V.I. Machines that possession for creatures.-K: "Condor" -2009-730 p.

TESTS FOR CONTROL OF KNOWLEDGE ON MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Task 1. How is the degree of feed grinding on the Volgar-5 feed grinder regulated?

Task 2. How is the degree of feed grinding on the Volgar-5 feed grinder regulated?

Task 3. How to regulate the degree of grinding on the grinder IGK-F-4?

Task 4. How to regulate the degree of grinding in the universal hammer crusher KDU-2?

Task 5. How to regulate the degree of grinding in the universal hammer crusher KDU-2?

Task 6. How is raw material crushed in hammer mills?

Task 7. How is the distribution rate regulated on the KTU-10A feeder?

Task 8. How to regulate the rate of issue on the RSP-10 feeder?

Task 9. How is the feed rate regulated at the feeder KS-1.5?

Task 10. How is the rate of issue on the KUT-3.0A feeder regulated?

Task 11. Which of the feeders provides mixing of feed?

Task 12. What is the individual drinker?

Task 13. With the help of what working body is water supplied to centrifugal pumps?

Task 14. What water supply mechanism is used on individual cup drinkers?

Task 15. What water supply mechanism is used on group drinkers?

Task 16. What device is used to regulate the supply and pressure of water?

Task 17. What is the sequence of operations when removing solid bedding manure?

Task 18. What operation does the scraper manure conveyor TSN-3.0B (KSG-1) perform in a livestock building?

Task 19. What is the principle of movement of the scraper manure conveyor TSN-3.0B (KSG-1)?

Task 20. What is the working body of the manure transport TS-1?

Task 21. Which of the indicated milking units is used for milking in the milking parlour?

Task 22. Which of the indicated milking units is used in an individual farm?

Task 23. Which of the phenomena leads to a violation of the vacuum in the milking unit?

Task 24. How is the accuracy of the readings of the ADM-52 group milk meter regulated?

Task 25. Where is the KI-4840 device placed when determining the tightness of a vacuum system?

Task 26. Which of the following operations does not apply to the primary processing of milk?

Task 27. What operation is not provided by the pasteurization and cooling unit OPU-3M?

Task 28. Which of the operations does not belong to the list of preparatory operations for machine milking cows?

Task 29. Which of the following installations provides simultaneous cooling of milk and heating of process water?

Task 30. What is the structural difference between a water ring vacuum pump and a rotary one?

EXAM QUESTIONS

FOR MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Classification of farms by animal species and method of keeping.

Promising equipment for the preparation and distribution of feed in animal husbandry.

Classification of preparation methods for feeding coarse, succulent and concentrated feed.

Equipment for grinding stalked feed.

Crushers - feed grinders.

Equipment for cleaning and grinding root crops.

Feed mixing equipment.

Equipment for dosing bulk, concentrated and liquid feed.

Feed shops.

Stationary and mobile small-sized feed units.

Classification of equipment for the distribution of feed.

Trailed and self-propelled feeders for cattle. Farm harvesters.

Stationary feeders for cattle.

Trailed and stationary feeders for pigs.

Classification and characteristics of water sources and water supply schemes.

Pumps for lifting and supplying water to consumers.

Water towers and automatic water-lifting installations.

Individual and group drinkers for cattle and pigs.

Microclimate requirements, classification of air exchange methods in livestock and poultry buildings.

Equipment for air exchange and air heating in rooms.

Devices for heat recovery of exhaust air in rooms.

Classification and characteristics of methods and means of manure removal.

Scraper conveyors for removal of manure.

Manure disposal equipment.

Classification of milking units.

Individual and stationary milking units.

Classification and characteristics of equipment for the primary processing of milk.

Refrigeration and heat-refrigeration installations.

Equipment for the use of solar energy for heating water on livestock farms.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the universal feed crusher KDU-2.

The device, workflow and operating rules of a small-sized crusher

The device, workflow and operating rules of the crusher DB-5.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the universal grinder IKV-5A "Volgar".

The device, workflow and operating rules of the pin grinder IGK-F-4.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the IKM-5 washer-stone separator and the KPI-4 root cutter.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the S-2 feed mixer.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the small-sized feed mill UMK-F-2.

Device, workflow and operating rules for feeders KTU-10A and RMM-F-6.

Device, workflow and operating rules for feeders RSP-10 and ARS-10.

Device, workflow and operating rules for stationary feeders TVK-80B and KLO-75.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the feeder for pigs KUT-3A.

Device, workflow and operating rules for submersible pumps.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the water tower of the Rozhnovsky BR.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the automatic water-lifting installation VU-5-30.

The device, workflow and rules for the operation of cup automatic drinking bowls PA-1, AP-1A, PBS-1.

Device, workflow and operating rules for TSN-3.0B and TS-1 scraper manure conveyors.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the set of equipment for the fermentation of manure "KOBOS".

Device, workflow and operating rules for individual milking installations UID-10.

The device, workflow and rules for the operation of installations for milking in cans UDB-100.

Device, workflow and operating rules for milking installations in the milk pipeline UDM-50, UDM-100, UDM-200.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the heat-refrigeration unit THU-14.

The device, workflow and operating rules of the feeder for pigs KS-1.5.

Device, workflow, operating rules and testing of vacuum pumping units.

Produced by KR-Tech LLC (an analogue of OOL-10, OOL-15, OOL-25, 001-U10 milk coolers) is designed specifically for the rapid cooling of milk, as well as juices, beer, kvass, water and other products in a closed flow with taking into account modern technological and sanitary requirements. They are used at the enterprises of the dairy industry in the areas of acceptance and in auxiliary operations where the process of cooling milk is necessary, for example, in the production of baked milk.

It consists of a frame and a set of plates attached to it. In accordance with the terms of reference, the cooler can consist of 1, 2 or more sections, for example, 1 section - cooling with cold (artesian water), 2 section - cooling with ice water or brine. Plate coolers for milk are easy to maintain and allow for disassembly for visual inspection and replacement of seals.

In accordance with one of our principles, we use components only from trusted world manufacturers - for the production of plate coolers for milk, we use plates from the company API Schmidt-Bretten (Germany), providing highly efficient heat transfer and the best sanitary performance. The design of the heat exchangers ensures reliable sealing and eliminates the ingress of coolant into the product through the seals. The parts and assemblies of the cooler in contact with the product use metals, rubber and other materials approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for contact with food products.

As a rule, plate milk coolers are made entirely of stainless steel, but in many cases it is possible to use pressure plates made of painted steel. In this case, stainless pipes are provided in the plates, through which the product passes. The price of such heat exchangers is much lower than heat exchangers made entirely of stainless steel.

Plate cooler for milk. Characteristics

Plate coolers for milk produced by KR-Tech LLC are lightweight and small, which significantly reduces the occupied production area. Plate coolers for milk are installed on the floor on adjustable feet or rigidly bolted to other bases.

In the case of using highly concentrated brine as a coolant, we will produce for you plate cooler for milk made of titanium plates.

KR-Tech LLC has great experience in the production of various . Turning to us, you can be sure that you are dealing with an expert in heat exchange processes in food production.

FreshMilk plate heat exchanger using stainless steel plate for heat treatment fermented milk products in the stream. The heat exchangers eliminate the impact on the structure of the product (“does not break” the clot) and ensures perfect washing from the CIP station.

FreshMilk instant milk cooling units are flow coolers.

Ice water generators are used for cooling in the flow of fresh milk on farms and milk collection points.
These flow-through milk coolers allow you to quickly bring warm milk to the optimum storage temperature. One of the advantages of these devices is that the water in them moves in a closed cycle. With the help of ice, it is cooled to a temperature from zero to one and a half degrees, then it enters the heat exchanger, where it takes excess heat from the milk, and then returns to the ice tank. This process is called "cooling the milk in the stream".

Cold in such installations is accumulated with the help of ice. Thanks to this, ice water generators have small size and can accumulate a large amount of cold. The process of ice accumulation takes place in a special thermally insulated container. Ice is generated using tubular copper evaporators. It is important that the flow unit does not produce cold during milkings, but during the break between them, or even at night. The accumulated ice is enough to ensure the cooling of the amount of milk indicated in the technical passport to a temperature of 4-6 degrees. With an ice water generator, you can as soon as possible reduce large thermal loads and almost instantly cool the product entering the heat exchanger to the desired temperature. Thus, if such a generator is installed in a milk collection point or on a farm, then the milk enters the tanks at an already optimal temperature for storage.

Due to their compactness, such through-flow coolers can be installed not only on large farms, but also in milk collection points. Instant cooling in the flow of milk during acceptance improves the quality of the product, extends its shelf life, and slows down the reproduction of microorganisms. When equipping milk collection points, cooling plants with ice water generators are supplemented with a storage tank and industrial scales for receiving milk from the population.

The use of water as a refrigerant in the heat exchanger avoids freezing of milk, as is often the case in coolers using brine as the working fluid. Since the temperature of ice water cannot be below zero, the milk itself will not freeze under any circumstances. In this case, the cooling rate is not reduced.

Refrigeration unit MHU-8(Fig. 40). The MHU-8 unit consists of a compressor with an electric motor, a SKV-60 condenser with an axial fan, a receiver table, an OFF-YUM filter-drier, a TF4-25 heat exchanger, an IPP-12 evaporator and automation devices. Freon-12 is used as a refrigerant.

In evaporator 8, freon evaporates, taking away heat from the surrounding water or brine (cold accumulator). Cold water is fed into an irrigation heat exchanger (of any type), where it takes the heat from the milk, heats up and enters the evaporator again. When the water is cooled, the freon boils, and its vapors are sucked in by the compressor 1. The freon vapors compressed in the compressor (the vapor temperature rises to 70-80 ° C) are fed into the condenser 2, cooled and turned into a liquid. Liquid freon enters the receiver 3, then passes through a filter-drier, charged with a moisture-absorbing substance - silica gel, in which it is cleaned of mechanical impurities and moisture. From the filter-drier 5, liquid freon is supplied to the heat exchanger 4 - a copper coil. Toward the liquid freon, its cold vapor from the evaporator 8 goes. Due to the counterflow, the freon is additionally cooled, and the vapor is heated. From the heat exchanger, liquid freon enters the thermostatic valve 7; passing through its calibrated hole, freon is throttled (pressure drops sharply) and evaporates.

The valve is installed in the refrigeration unit in such a way that the direct evaporation of freon occurs in the evaporator. Then the cycle repeats. Consequently, the freon in the refrigeration unit moves through a closed system, taking heat from the water and giving it to the air, which blows the condenser.

Compressor 2FV-6.5 - two-cylinder, vertical, single-stage, air-cooled, designed to compress freon vapor. In an hour, 30.2 m 3 of freon vapor passes through the compressor. Electric motor power 4.5 kW.

The capacitor is a ribbed battery of seven sections with a total surface of 60 m 2 . For greater heat dissipation, the batteries are made of copper tubes. Freon vapor first enters three sections, and then the next four. A four-blade fan supplies air to the condenser. Fan supply 5500 m 3 / h. The entire assembly is designed to condense freon vapor.

The receiver, made of seamless steel pipes, frees the condenser from liquid freon and ensures its uniform flow to the expansion valve. The receiver has two fittings. Through one of them, liquid freon is fed into the receiver from the condenser, and through the other it exits the receiver into the filter. A fusible safety plug is installed in the receiver, which releases freon when the temperature rises above 70 ° C.

The heat exchanger is designed for dehumidification and heating of freon vapors sucked in by the compressor from the evaporator, and cooling of liquid freon supplied to thermostatic valves.

Freon dryer-filter consists of two elements (drying and filtering), enclosed in a steel case. The dehumidifier removes moisture from the freon and filters it. Moisture absorbs special Chemical substance, and freon is filtered through a special cloth. Freon first passes through a dryer and then is filtered. The direction of freon movement is shown by an arrow on the dehumidifier body.

The evaporator serves to cool the water. Water is supplied through pipes connected to the lower collector of the evaporator, and discharged through the upper collector. Twelve evaporator panels are held together with spacers.

The plant's automation devices include a pressure switch RD-6, a thermostatic valve TRV-20 and a temperature sensor. They turn off the compressor in case of an excessive increase in pressure in the condenser or an excessive decrease in the evaporator, regulate the filling of the evaporator with liquid freon, turn the compressor on and off.

The refrigeration unit is started an hour before the start of milking the cows so that the water temperature in the cooler drops to +2°C. Then the water pump is turned on, and the cooled water is supplied between the walls of the irrigation counterflow cooler. At the same time, milk is supplied to the cooler through the milk pipeline. The water, heated up, again enters the evaporator for cooling, and the cooled milk is drained into the milk tank. The time during which the water is cooled depends on the ambient temperature, the amount of milk and its final temperature.

During the preparation of the cold accumulators for operation, ice forms on the evaporator panels, which melts when the circulation water pump is started. During the operation of the refrigeration unit, it should be systematically inspected and at least once or twice a month, check the operation of the unit. Particularly carefully check the operation of the compressor valves, the adjustment of automation devices, the condition of heat exchangers and pipelines. At the end of the repair and adjustment work, all information is entered in a special journal.

Specifications refrigeration units are given in table. 8.

Plate milk coolers. The cooler (Fig. 41) consists of heat exchange plates suspended on two horizontal rods (the lower one is a guide). Plates made of stainless steel are tightly pressed against one another. Rubber gaskets between them form insulated channels for cooled milk and coolant.

The channels are connected to fittings for inlet and outlet of liquids. Milk, being distributed along odd channels between the plates, flows down, flowing around the corrugated surface of the plates. On the opposite side, these plates are washed by the coolant moving upwards. Thus, the milk is quickly cooled to the desired temperature.

Plate coolers have many shaped rubber gaskets that require careful and skillful handling. These coolers are equipped with centrifugal cleaners or lavsan filters.

High-performance plate coolers are equipped with devices for automatic control, regulation and registration of milk cooling temperature.

Plate milk cooler SAK gently and quickly cools milk to the temperature of the water in the water lines, thereby saving the total energy spent on cooling. The solenoid valve opens the water supply to the cooler only when the milk supply pump and the milk receiver are running. The SAK plate cooler is looped into the system when flushing the milk line.

The plate cooler is intended for preliminary cooling of milk. The use of a plate cooler prevents the rapid growth of bacteria by quickly cooling freshly milked milk from 35°C to approximately 12-20°C, and also reduces the load on milk cooling tanks that are used to further cool milk to a temperature of +4°C.

Milk pre-cooling is a very important process, especially for large and medium-sized farms. Large milk yields and rapid filling of cooling tanks means slower cooling and faster bacterial growth, and vigorous agitation of the incoming milk increases the risk of milk churning into butter. In practice, it has been proven that the rapid cooling of milk using a plate heat exchanger allows you to cool warm milk in a few seconds to a safe temperature. In addition, the pre-cooling of milk makes it possible to reduce energy costs by almost half, as a result of which the plate heat exchanger in most cases pays for itself after 1-2 years of operation.

The principle of operation of a plate heat exchanger.

During the milking process, the milk is pumped at a constant speed through the filter into the plate cooler. milk and cold water, separated by plates, flow opposite to each other. The milk flows on one side of the cooler plates, while on the other side water flows from the tap in the opposite direction. In this case, heat exchange occurs through the metal plates. At full passage milk through the plate cooler, the temperature of the milk is reduced to a certain value (depending on the temperature of the water and the type of cooler) and transported further to the milk tanks for further cooling or storage.

Plate coolers are available in sizes suitable for the milk pump on the milking machine. Well water plate cooler or optional well water/ice water combination. With the frequency-controlled milk pump SAC, low-cost and effective cooling is obtained.

It is also possible to use the water used for drinking cows, which allows you to reduce the temperature of the milk by up to 80%.