Bayezid Mosque in Istanbul. Panorama of Bayezid (mosque). Virtual tour of Bayezid (mosque). Attractions, map, photo, video. Suleymaniye Mosque in Eminonu

Baezid Mosque (Beyazit; tour. Bayezid Camii, Beyazıt Camii) - one of the great mosques in Istanbul, has two minarets. Located in the old part of the city on Beyazit Square. Adjacent to the mosque are the gates of the Grand Bazaar and the main gate of Istanbul University.

The mosque was built by order of Sultan Bayezid II in -1506. Dome diameter - 17 meters. The minarets are decorated with brick ornaments. Baths and madrassas have been preserved at the mosque.

Story

The mosque was built by order of Sultan Bayezid II in -1506 and became the second major mosque to appear in Constantinople after its conquest in 1453. The first was the Fatih Mosque (1470), but it was badly damaged during the earthquake of 1509 and was later completely rebuilt. In this regard, the Bayazid Mosque has a much greater historical and architectural significance, since the earthquake only partially destroyed its dome.

Little is known about the architect who built the Bayezid Mosque. He built a caravanserai in Bursa. However, the style of the mosque shows the influence of early Ottoman and Western architectural techniques. The Bayazid Mosque was designed as a cullie ( in English.) - a large complex in which there were madrasahs, Primary School, public kitchen (imaret) and hammam.

Damaged in 1509, the dome was soon restored. The building of the mosque was further renovated in 1573–1574 by the architect Mimar Sinan. The minarets burned separately in 1683 and 1764. The inscription above the entrance to the courtyard of the mosque also reports repair work 1767.

Architecture

Appearance

A courtyard of approximately the same area adjoins the mosque building from the northwest. It is a peristyle with a colonnade. The twenty columns standing in the courtyard are composed of porphyry, ophicalcite and granite, they were found in Byzantine Orthodox churches and ancient ruins. The roof around the courtyard is crowned with 24 small domes. On each side, portals lead into the courtyard, the floor is made of multi-colored marble.

The mosque itself has an area of ​​approximately 40 × 40 m², the diameter of the dome is 17 m. The central dome is supported by semi-domes on four sides. The mosque is built entirely of hewn stone; the builders also made use of colored stones and marble recovered from nearby ruined Byzantine buildings.

Interior

The interior of the Bayezid Mosque is modeled after the Hagia Sophia, only on a smaller scale. In addition to the huge central dome, the east and west semi-domes form the central nave, while the north and south extend the side naves, each of which has four small domes and increases the length of the mosque, and they are not divided into galleries. The room is illuminated by twenty windows at the base of the dome and seven windows in each semi-dome, in addition to three tiers of windows in the walls.

In the western part of the mosque there is a wide long corridor, which protrudes significantly beyond its limits. Initially, in its place were four domed rooms in which wandering dervishes could take shelter. The outbuildings of the mosque were equipped as chapels in the 16th century and now consist of three rooms with an arched passage. At the end of the wings there are two minarets.

nearby area

Behind the mosque is small garden, where the turbe (crypts) of Sultan Bayezid II, his daughter Selçuk Sultan and Grand Vizier Mustafa Reshid Pasha are located. The arcade, below the level of the garden, was built by Mimar Sinan in 1580 and expanded in the 1960s. From the very moment of construction, shops were located here, whose income was supposed to go to the maintenance of the mosque. It is still a trading place. The former public dining room was turned into the Beyazit State Library under Sultan Abdul-Hamid II in 1882, now it holds more than 120 thousand books and 7 thousand manuscripts. The former building of the madrasah now houses the Istanbul City Library.

Gallery

Bayezid Camii Dome.JPG

central dome

Interior of Bayezid II Mosque.JPG

right nave

Mosque interior

Calligraphy Above Bayezid II Mosque Door.JPG

Calligraphic inscription above the entrance

İstanbul 5493.jpg

Courtyard

see also

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Notes

Sources

• Freely John Blue Guide Istanbul. - W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. - ISBN 0-393-32014-6. (English)
• Ochsenwald William The Middle East: A History. - McGraw-Hill Humanities, 2003. - ISBN 0-07-244233-6. (English)

Links

• (English)

An excerpt characterizing Bayezid (mosque)

One of the most shocking cases in my very long "practice" of contacts with the essences of the dead occurred when I once calmly walked on a warm autumn evening home from school ... Usually I always returned much later, because I went to the second shift, and our lessons ended somewhere around seven o'clock in the evening, but that day there were no last two lessons and we were allowed to go home earlier than usual.
The weather was extremely pleasant, I did not want to rush anywhere, and before going home, I decided to take a little walk.
The air smelled of the bittersweet scent of the last autumn flowers. A playful light breeze rustled in the fallen leaves, quietly whispering something bashfully to the bare trees blushing in the reflections of the sunset. Peace and silence breathed soft twilight ...
I really loved this time of day, it attracted me with its mystery and fragility of something that had not happened and at the same time had not even begun ... When today had not yet gone into the past, and the night had not yet come into its own ... Something "no one's" and magical, something, as it were, hung in the "between times", something elusive... I adored this short period of time and always felt very special in it.
But on that day, something “special” happened, but certainly not something special that I would like to see or experience again ...
I calmly walked to the crossroads, thinking deeply about something, when suddenly I was sharply pulled out of my “dreams” by a wild screech of brakes and screams of frightened people.
Directly in front of me, a small white passenger car somehow managed to hit a cement pillar and with all its might hit a huge oncoming car right in the forehead ...
In a matter of moments, the essences of a little boy and a girl “jumped out” from a crumpled white car, looking around in confusion, until they finally stared stunned at their own physical bodies, mutilated by a strong blow ...
– Is that something?! the girl asked in fear. – Is that really where we are?... – pointing to her bloody physical face, she whispered quite quietly. – How so... but here, it's also us?..
It was clear that everything that was happening shocked her, and her greatest desire at that moment was to hide somewhere from all this ...
– Mom, where are you?! the baby suddenly screamed. - Mom-ah!
She looked to be about four years old, no more. Thin light pigtails, with huge pink bows woven into them, funny “pretzels” bristled on both sides, making her look like a kind faun. Wide open large grey eyes they were perplexed looking at the world so familiar to her and so familiar, which suddenly for some reason became incomprehensible, alien and cold ... She was very scared, and she did not hide it at all.
The boy was eight or nine years old. He was thin and fragile, but his round "professor" glasses made him a little older, and he seemed very businesslike and serious in them. But at the moment, all his seriousness has suddenly evaporated somewhere, giving way to absolute confusion.
A cheering, sympathetic crowd had already gathered around the cars, and a few minutes later the police appeared, escorting ambulance. Our town was still not large at that time, so the city services could respond to any “emergency” incident in an organized and fast enough manner.
The ambulance doctors, having quickly consulted about something, began to carefully remove the mutilated bodies one by one. The first was the body of a boy, whose essence stood in a stupor next to me, unable to say or think anything.
The poor thing was shaking wildly, apparently for his childish overexcited brain, it was too hard. He only looked with goggle eyes at what had just been "him" and could not get out of the protracted "tetanus".
- Mommy, Mommy!!! the girl screamed again. - Vidas, Vidas, why can't she hear me?!
Or rather, she screamed only mentally, because at that moment, unfortunately, she was already physically dead ... just like her little brother.
And her poor mother physical body which was still tenaciously holding on to its fragile, slightly glimmering life in it, could not hear it in any way, since at that moment they were already in different worlds inaccessible to each other ....
The kids got more and more lost and I felt that a little more, and the girl would begin a real nervous shock (if you can call it that, speaking of an incorporeal entity?).
- Why are we lying there?! .. Why is mom not answering us ?! the girl was still screaming, tugging at her brother's sleeve.
“Probably because we are dead ...” the boy said, chattering his teeth.
- And mom? - the little girl whispered in horror.
“Mom is alive,” my brother answered not very confidently.
– But what about us? Well, tell them that we're here, that they can't leave without us! Tell them!!! The girl still couldn't calm down.
“I can’t, they don’t hear us... You see, they don’t hear us,” the brother tried to somehow explain to the girl.

Bayezid Mosque (Türkiye) - description, history, location. Exact address and website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.

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Despite the cosmopolitanism of Istanbul, the number of mosques in the city is growing and growing. According to the latest data, the figure has already exceeded 3000. Many temples have a rich history, but it is almost impossible to visit all of them. Fortunately, with light hand some tourist guide, the concept of "Seven Imperial Mosques" came into use among the guests of Istanbul. The list includes temples built on the personal orders of the sultans. Near the ruins of the Theodosius Forum stands one of them, the oldest mosque in Istanbul - Bayezid.

What to see

The Bayezid Mosque was erected in 1506 by the decree of the Ottoman Sultan Bayazid II. True, today the eyes of residents and guests of Istanbul are presented with a temple rebuilt in the 19th century - an authentic building was seriously damaged due to an earthquake. But the mosque retained all its main medieval features, many of the techniques that were used in its construction later became widespread. It can be said that Bayezid is the canon of the mosque in Ottoman Empire.

During the construction of the mosque, columns and other elements from the neighboring Byzantine forum of Theodosius were widely used.

In front of the entrance there is a courtyard surrounded by a domed colonnade, harim, with a fountain for ablution. A decision subsequently repeated many times in Turkish temple building. But two minarets located at a decent distance from the mosque - a feature that, on the contrary, is very rare.

The main dome is placed on the side aisles, which are separated by columns and "bear" 4 smaller domes. Otherwise, everything is traditional: light domes framed with ornamental drawings, and a giant chandelier hanging almost to the floor.

Practical information

Address: Istanbul, Beyazıt Mh., Ordu Cad.

The mosque is located 500 meters from the Vezneciler metro station.

Opening hours: 5:00-23:00 daily.

Mosque of Sultan Bayezid II

All the mosques built in the Ottoman Empire before the 16th century were similar in their layout and appearance to the earlier ones built in the cities of Bursa and Iznik. And only in the mosque of Sultan Bayezid II received its expression new type religious buildings, which later became "classic". It was based on the plan of the Hagia Sophia, which is immediately reminiscent of the impressive size and shape of the mosque, as well as its prayer hall.

The mosque of Sultan Bayezid II, the son and heir of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, began to be built on the site of the ancient forum of Emperor Theodosius. This mosque is popularly known as the Pigeon Mosque, as they will not have time to marble floor scatter food around the yard, as a large flock of pigeons soar ... According to one of the legends, the sultan once bought a pair of forest pigeons from a hunter, and a whole offspring divorced from them. According to another version, the doves bred from a dove that cooed something important in the ear of the Prophet Muhammad when he had to flee from Mecca to Medina. Pigeons have been kept in the mosque for several centuries. Similarly, here every Friday they distribute portions of bread to street dogs.

The great Sultan's mosque was built by the architect Hayreddin for five years. According to some sources, its construction was completed in 1501, according to others - in 1498. The prayer hall in the Bayezid II mosque, as in the Hagia Sophia, is located under a large dome and two semi-domes, which are located along the longitudinal axis on semicircular axes . This gives the mosque of Sultan Bayezid II an original look. Inside the mosque, the dome and arches are painted with colored ornaments on a white background.

To the right of the mihrab is a maksura of carved marble resting on marble columns. On the same side there is also a minbar.

Two wings open to the right and left of the main entrance, extending beyond the side parts of the central hall and forming a kind of porch, decorated with sharp vaulted arcades.

In front of the mosque there is a courtyard with a colonnade covered with domes; the columns are supported by lancet arches of pink and white marble(alternately). In the center of the courtyard there is a fountain for ablutions, arranged in the 17th century. Three entrances lead to the courtyard: one - from the facade, the other two are located on the sides. There are several cypress trees growing in the yard, which give it a very picturesque look.

In former times, a significant part of the courtyard of this mosque was occupied by Sahavlar-charshi (Book Market) - one of the most ancient in the world. It was located in the place where even in times Byzantine Empire traded books and paper. After the conquest of Constantinople, it was captured by turbaners and metal engravers, but in early XVII V. from the "Covered Market" booksellers again began to move here. In the second half of the 18th century, when book printing was allowed in the Ottoman Empire, book dealers occupied almost the entire territory of the courtyard.

In front of the mosque there is Bayezid Square, surrounded by new buildings. Crowds of Istanbulites came here on Fridays, squatted down near the lush fountain, nibbled on candied nuts and spent a long festive leisure in pleasant idleness. And in the cozy marble courtyard of the mosque, in booths made of thin shingles, smelling of drugs and aromatic oils, they conjured falji - masters of interpretation and medicine.

In these fortune-telling shops in the courtyard of the mosque, the most brilliant Turkish poets of the 16th century were born, and poetry itself grew, one might say, from the art of interpreting dreams and playing patience on scattered sand. The first critic, lyricist and father of the romantic poem was Eyvaz Zati, who can rightly be called the "Karamzin of Turkish literature." He was born in the small town of Asia Minor Balykkissir in the family of a shoemaker. At first, like his father, he made dudes, and then he went to Istanbul for happiness. Here he offered a eulogy to Sultan Bayezid II and quickly gained his favor. Zati was ugly and deaf, besides he liked to drink, so he did not become a court poet. And then he opened a fortune-telling shop in the courtyard of the mosque, which quickly became a kind of literary club. Novice authors began to come here to present their poems to Zati's judgment. He made comments and even, at the request of the young poets themselves, corrected their works. And then, not at all embarrassed, he used them as his own. It happened that young poets protested, but, to Zati's credit, it should be said that he nevertheless brought out his best students into people. Among them were Mahhamed Fezli, Hyyali (the future court poet) and the son of muezzin Baki, the author of immortal qasidas and gazelles.

The mosque has a library founded by Sultan Bayezid II, which was previously considered the largest in Istanbul. At present, this richest collection of priceless manuscripts in all branches of knowledge is housed in a separate modern building.