Natural side lighting. natural lighting standards. Types of natural lighting

9.1 Feasibility study various options natural and combined lighting of premises should be carried out for the whole year or its individual seasons. The duration of the use of natural lighting should be determined by the intermediate time between turning off (in the morning) and turning on (in the evening) artificial lighting, when the natural illumination becomes equal to the normalized illumination value from the artificial lighting installation.

In the premises of residential and public buildings, in which the calculated value of KEO is 80% or less than the normalized value of KEO, the norms of artificial illumination are increased by one step on the illumination scale.

9.2 The calculation of natural illumination in the premises should be made depending on the groups administrative regions by light climate resources Russian Federation and the period under review:

a) when buildings are located in the 1st, 3rd and 4th groups of administrative districts for all months of the year - according to the cloudy year;

b) when buildings are located in the 2nd and 5th groups of administrative districts for the winter half of the year (November, December, January, February, March, April) - according to the cloudy sky, for the summer half of the year (May, June, July, August , September, October) - over a cloudless sky.

9.3 The average natural illumination in a room with overhead illumination from a cloudy sky at any time of the day is determined by the formula

Where e cf- average value of KEO; determined by the formula (B.8) of Appendix B;

Outdoor horizontal illumination in overcast conditions; taken according to Table B.1 of Appendix B.

Note - The values of outdoor illumination in Appendix D are given for local mean solar time T M. The transition from local standard time to local mean solar time is carried out according to the formula

T M = T D – N+ l - 1, (14)

Where T D- local standard time;

N- time zone number (Figure 25);

l is the geographical longitude of the point, expressed in hours (15° = 1 h).

9.4 The value of natural light at a given point A at side lighting in conditions of continuous cloudiness is determined by the formula

where is the calculated value of KEO at the point A rooms with side lighting; determined by the formula (B.1) of Appendix B;

Outdoor illumination on a horizontal surface with a cloudy sky.

Calculation of natural light at a given point M rooms from windows in a cloudless sky should be done:

a) in the absence sunscreen in light openings and opposing buildings according to the formula

; (16)

b) when windows are shaded by opposing buildings according to the formula

c) in the presence of sunscreens in the light openings according to the formula

, (18)

where e b i- geometric KEO, determined by the formula (B.9);

b b- coefficient of relative brightness of the area of the sky, visible through the aperture; take according to table 11;

outdoor illumination on vertical surface, created by the scattered light of a cloudless sky; taken depending on the orientation of the surface of the facade of the building and the time of day according to Table B.3 of Appendix B;

Figure 25- Map of time zones

b f i- average relative brightness of the facades of opposing buildings; determined according to Table B.2 of Appendix B;

Determined by the formula (B.5);

r f- weighted average reflection coefficient of the facades of opposing buildings; accept according to table B.3 of Appendix B;

Outdoor total illuminance on a vertical surface, created by diffuse skylight, direct sunlight and light reflected from earth's surface; taken according to Table B.4 of Appendix B.

The calculation of the average natural illumination in the room from a cloudless sky with overhead lighting, depending on the type of light opening, is carried out:

a) with light openings in the plane of the coating, filled with light-scattering materials, according to the formula

; (19)

b) with light openings in the plane of the coating, filled with translucent materials, according to the formula

; (20)

c) with lanterns shed according to the formula

; (21)

d) with rectangular lanterns according to the formula

where t O- see formula (B.1);

r 2 and k f- see formula (B.2);

e Wed- see formula (B.7);

The total outdoor illumination on a horizontal surface, created by a cloudless sky and direct sunlight; accept according to Table B.3 of Appendix B;

Outdoor illumination on a horizontal surface, created by a cloudless sky; accept according to Table B.3 of Appendix B;

b B- coefficient of relative brightness of cloudless sky areas visible through light openings; take according to table 12;

See formula (16);

I - outdoor illumination on two opposite sides of the vertical surface; taken according to Table B.4 of Appendix B.

Notes

1 Direct sunlight in the calculations of illumination is taken into account if there are sunscreens or light-scattering materials in the light apertures; otherwise, direct sunlight is ignored.

2 The values of the calculated coefficients in tables 11 and 12 are given for local mean solar time.

Table 11

Orientation of light apertures	The value of the coefficient b b
Time of day, h

IN		3,1		1,9	1,4	1,25	1,2	1,3	1,4	1,55	1,7	1,8	1,9	1,95	1,85
SE	1,05	1,1	1,45	2,5	2,6	1,9	1,5	1,3	1,25	1,3	1,35	1,45	1,6	1,85	1,9
YU	1,5	1,35	1,1	1,2	1,3	1,5	1,7	1,85	1,7	1,5	1,3	1,2	1,1	1,35	1,5
SW	1,9	1,85	1,6	1,45	1,35	1,3	1,25	1,3	1,5	1,9	2,6	2,5	1,45	1,1	1,05
W	1,85	1,95	1,9	1,8	1,7	1,55	1,4	1,3	1,2	1,25	1,4	1,9		3,1
NW	1,3	1,5	1,7	1,75	1,75	1,7	1,6	1,5	1,4	1,3	1,25	1,25	1,3	1,9	2,9
WITH	1,2	1,2	1,3	1,45	1,5	1,6	1,6	1,65	1,6	1,6	1,5	1,45	1,3	1,2	1,2
SW	2,9	1,9	1,3	1,25	1,25	1,3	1,4	1,5	1,6	1,7	1,75	1,75	1,7	1,5	1,3

Table 12

Light opening type	The value of the coefficient b B
Time of day, h

Rectangular lantern	1,3	1,42	1,52	1,54	1,42	1,23	1,15	1,14	1,15	1,23	1,42	1,54	1,52	1,42	1,3
In-plane coverage	0,7	0,85	0,95	1,05	1,1	1,14	1,16	1,17	1,16	1,14	1,1	1,05	0,95	0,85	0,7
Shed (NW, N, NE oriented)		1,17	1,13	1,04	0,95	0,9	0,85	0,8	0,85	0,9	0,95	1,04	1,13	1,17

Examples of calculating the time of using natural light in rooms

Example 1

It is required to determine how the duration of use of natural lighting in March will change for an average day in a workroom with overhead natural lighting through skylights and with a general fluorescent lighting system if the designed area of skylights is halved and switched to combined lighting.

The working room is located in Moscow, the accuracy of the visual work performed in it corresponds to the B-1 category of the norms according to Appendix I SNiP 23-05.

The originally designed area of the lanterns provided an average KEO in the working room of 5%; when the area of the lanterns is halved, the average value of KEO is 2.5%. The work is carried out in two shifts from 07:00 to 21:00 local time.

Solution

1 In accordance with Table 1 of the list of administrative districts according to the resources of the light climate of the Russian Federation, Moscow is located in the first group and, therefore, the calculation of natural illumination in the room is performed for cloudy sky conditions.

2 From table B.1 of Appendix B, write out in table 13 the value of the external horizontal illumination with continuous cloudiness for different hours of the day in March.

Table 13

Time of day (local solar time)	Outdoor horizontal illumination, lx	Average natural light indoors E Wed, OK
at KEO = 5%	at KEO = 2.5%












	-	-	-
	-	-	-
	-	-	-

3 Sequentially substituting the value in the formula (13), determine for the corresponding time points the values of the average illumination inside the room E cp. The calculation results are recorded in table 13.

4 According to the found values E cp build a graph (Figure 26) of changes in natural light in the room during the working day at KEO = 5% and 2.5%.

5 In Appendix AND SNiP 23-05, they find that for a workroom located in Moscow, the normalized KEO value for B-1 work category is 3%.

1 - change in natural illumination in the room at KEO equal to 5%; 2 - the same, 2.5%; A- point corresponding to the time of turning off the artificial lighting in the morning;

B- a point corresponding to the time when artificial lighting is turned on in the evening

Figure 26- Graph of changes in natural light in the room during the working day

The normalized illumination is 300 lux. When the area of the lanterns is halved, the average calculated value of the KEO is 0.5 of the normalized value of the KEO; in this case, in the working room, the normalized value of illumination from artificial lighting must be increased by one step, i.e., instead of 300 lux, 400 lux should be taken.

6 On the ordinate of the graph of Figure 26, a point is found corresponding to an illumination of 300 lux, through which a horizontal line is drawn until it intersects with the curve in the first and second half of the day. points A And B intersections with the curve are projected onto the x-axis. Dot A on the x-axis corresponds to the time ta= 8 h 20 min, dot b - t b= 15 h 45 min.

The time of using natural lighting in the working room with an average KEO of 3% is determined as the difference t b - t a= 7 h 25 min.

7 From Figure 26 it follows that the horizontal corresponding to the illumination of 400 lux does not intersect with the curve of change in natural illumination at an average KEO = 2.5%, which means that the time of using natural lighting in a workroom with a halved area of lamps is equal to zero , i.e., during the entire working time, constant additional artificial lighting should work in the working room.

Example 2

It is required to determine the natural illumination and the duration of the use of natural illumination during the day in September with continuous cloudiness at three points A, B and C (Figure 27) of the characteristic section of the school class at the level of desks (0.8 m from the floor). The points are located at the following distances from outer wall with windows: A- 1.5 m, B- 3 m and IN- 4.5 m. Estimated value of KEO at the point A e A= 4.5%, at the point B e B= 2.3, at the point B e B= 1.6%. The normalized illumination in the classroom from the installation of artificial lighting is 300 lux. The school is located in Belgorod (50°N) and operates in one shift from 8 am to 2 pm (local solar time).

Solution

1 From table B.1 of Appendix B, write out the values of outdoor illumination during the day for September. By successively substituting the values into formula (15), we obtain the values of natural illumination at given points E ha, E GB, E gV. The calculation results are recorded in table 14.

A, B, IN- Estimated points

Figure 27- Schematic cross section of a school classroom

Note - Given that in Table B.1 of Appendix B for 50 ° N. sh. outdoor illumination is not given, find the required value of outdoor illumination by linear interpolation.

Table 14

2 According to table 14, a graph of figure 28 is built, for this, a horizontal is drawn through the point of the y-axis, which corresponds to an illumination of 300 lux, until it intersects with the illumination curves E ha, E GB, E gV(curves 1 , 2 , 3 ).

3 Project the intersection points of the horizontal with the curves on the x-axis; time of use of natural light at the point A determined from the ratio:

t 2 - t 1 = 14:00 - 8:20 = 5:40

From figure 28 it follows that at the points B And IN with continuous cloudiness in autumn, it is necessary to have constant additional artificial lighting, since throughout the day on the second and third rows of desks, natural illumination is below the normalized value.

1 - at the point A; 2 - at the point B; 3 - at the point IN

Figure 28- Graph of changes in natural light at three calculated points of the school class during the working day

When illuminated industrial premises use daylight, is carried out due to direct and reflected light of the sky.

From a physiological point of view, natural lighting is the most favorable for humans. During the day, it varies within a fairly wide range depending on the state of the atmosphere (cloudiness). The light, having entered the room, is repeatedly reflected from the walls and ceiling, hits the illuminated surface at the point under study. Thus, the illumination at the point under study is the sum of the illuminations.

Structurally, natural lighting is divided into:

lateral(one-, two-sided) - carried out through light openings (windows) in the outer walls;

upper- through light openings located in the upper part (roof) of the building;

combined– a combination of top and side lighting.

Natural lighting is characterized by the fact that the created illumination varies depending on the time of day, year, meteorological conditions. Therefore, as a criterion for assessing natural lighting, a relative value is taken - daylight factor(KEO), or e, independent of the above parameters.

Daylight ratio (KEO) - the ratio of illumination at a given point inside the room E ext to the simultaneous value of the external horizontal illumination E n, created by the light of a completely open sky (not covered by buildings, structures, trees) expressed as a percentage, i.e.:

(8) Where E ext– illumination indoors at the control point, lx;

E n - simultaneously measured illumination outside the room, lx.

For measuring actual KEO needs to be carried out simultaneous measurements indoor lighting E ext at the control point and outdoor illumination on a horizontal platform under the fully open sky E n , free from items(buildings, trees ) covering parts of the sky. KEO measurements can only be carried out with continuous uniform ten-point cloudiness(overcast, no gaps). Measurements are taken by two observers using two lux meters simultaneously (observers must be equipped with chronometers).

Checkpoints for measurements should be selected in accordance with GOST 24940–96 “Buildings and structures. Methods for measuring illumination.

The KEO values for various premises lie in the range of 0.1–12%. Rationing of natural lighting is carried out in accordance with SNiP 23-05-95 "Natural and artificial lighting".

In small rooms with unilateral lateral illumination is normalized (i.e. the actual illumination is measured and compared with the norms) minimum value of KEO at a point located at the intersection of the vertical plane of the characteristic section of the premises and the conditional working surface at a distance of 1 m from the wall, most remote from light openings.

Working surface- the surface on which the work is performed and on which the illumination is normalized or measured.

Conditional work surface- a horizontal surface at a height of 0.8 m from the floor.

Typical section of the room- this is a cross section in the middle of the room, the plane of which is perpendicular to the plane of the glazing of the light openings (with side lighting) or the longitudinal axis of the spans of the room.

At bilateral lateral lighting rationing minimum value of KEO- in the plane in the middle premises.

IN oversized industrial premises at lateral lighting, the minimum value of KEO is normalized at the point remote from light openings:

at 1.5 heights of the room - for works of I-IV categories;

at 2 heights of the room - for works of V-VII categories;

at 3 heights of the room for work of the VIII category.

At upper and combined lighting is normalized average value of KEO at points located at the intersection of the vertical plane of the characteristic section of the room and the conditional work surface or floor. The first and last points are taken at a distance of 1 m from the surface of walls or partitions.

(9)

Where e 1 , e 2 ,..., e n - KEO values at individual points;

n- number of lighting control points.

It is allowed to divide the room into zones with different conditions of natural light, the calculation of natural light is carried out in each zone independently of each other.

At inadequate by standards natural light in the production premises supplement with artificial lighting. Such lighting is called combined .

In industrial premises with visual work of I-III categories, combined lighting should be arranged.

In large-span assembly shops, in which work is carried out in a significant part of the volume of the room at different levels from the floor and on work surfaces differently oriented in space, overhead natural lighting is used.

Natural light should evenly illuminate workplaces. For overhead and combined natural lighting, determine irregularity natural lighting of industrial premises, which should not exceed 3:1 for works I–VI discharges according to visual conditions, i.e.

(10)

certain according to table 1 SNiP 23-05-95 KEO value, to be specified taking into account the characteristics of visual work, lighting systems, location of buildings in the country according to the formula

, (11)

where N- number of the natural light supply group (Appendix D SNiP 23-05-95);

e n- coefficient of natural light (Table 1 SNiP 23-05-95);

m N- coefficient of light climate, determined depending on the location of the building on the territory of the country and the orientation of the building relative to the cardinal points (see Table 4 SNiP 23–05–95).

Natural lighting systems are ideal for almost any building and structure. Indeed, unlike artificial light, natural light does not flicker, provides full light transmission, is comfortable for the eyes and, of course, is completely free.

And in general, a pleasant, warming beam of light always fills the room with a special atmosphere. Therefore, it is not surprising that since ancient times people have been trying to provide maximum natural light in their buildings.

During its development, mankind has come up with many ways to provide its home with sunlight. But all these methods can be conditionally divided into three methods.

So:

The most commonly used is side lighting.. In this case, the light streams through the opening in the wall and falls on the person from the side. Where did the name come from.

Side lighting is quite simple to implement and provides high-quality illumination inside the house. At the same time, in wide halls, when the walls opposite from the window are located far away, sunlight does not always reach all corners of the room. To do this, increase the height of window openings, but such an exit is not always possible.

More interesting for such rooms is overhead lighting.. In this case, the light falls from the openings in the roof and streams onto the person from above.

This type of lighting is almost ideal. After all, with proper planning, you can provide illumination to any corner of the house.

But as you understand, it is possible only with one-story planning. Yes, and the heat loss of this type of natural lighting is an order of magnitude higher. After all, warm air always rises, and there are cold windows.

That is why there is natural combined lighting. It allows you to take the best of the first two types. After all, lighting is called combined, in which light falls on a person both from above and from below.

But as you understand, this type of lighting is also possible only in a one-story building or on the upper floors. multi-storey buildings. But the cost of such window systems is not an unimportant limiting factor in their use.

Methods for Proper Planning of Natural Lighting

But knowing the types of natural lighting, we are not one step closer to uncovering the question of how to organize the right lighting at home? To answer it, let's take a step-by-step look at the main stages of planning.

Standards for natural lighting in buildings

In order to properly plan lighting, we must first answer the question, what should it be like? The answer to this question is given to us by SNiP 23 - 05 - 95, which establishes KEO standards for industrial, residential and public buildings.

KEO is the coefficient of natural light. It is the ratio between the level of natural light at a certain point in the house and the amount of light outside.
The optimality of this parameter was calculated by research institutes and summarized in a table, which has become the norm in the design. But in order to use this table, we need to know our latitude.

From the lessons of the Belarusian Railways and geography, you must remember that the further south, the higher the intensity of the solar flow. Therefore, the entire territory of our country was divided into five light climate zones, each of which has two subspecies.
Knowing our light climate zone, we can finally determine the KEO we need. For residential buildings, it ranges from 0.2 to 0.5. Moreover, the further south, the smaller the KEO.
Again, this has to do with geography. After all, the further south, the higher the illumination outdoors. And KEO is the ratio of illumination outside the room and inside it. Accordingly, to create the same level of illumination for houses in the south and north, the latter will have to make more efforts.

To move on, we need to find out where is this point in the house for which we will determine the level of illumination? The answer to this question is given to us by paragraph 5.4 - 5.6 of SNiP 23 - 05 -95.
According to them, with two-sided side lighting of residential premises, the normalized point is the center of the room. With one-sided side lighting, the normalized point is the plane one meter from the wall opposite the window. In other rooms, the normalized point is the center of the room.

Note! For single, double and three-room apartments this calculation is done for one living room. IN four-room apartment this calculation is done for two rooms.

For overhead and combined lighting, the normalized point is a plane a meter from the darkest walls. This rule also applies to industrial premises.
But all that we have given above, the instruction prescribes to be applied to residential and public buildings. With production, everything is a little more complicated. The thing is, production is different. On some I process meter blanks, while on others I deal with microcircuits.
Based on this, all types of work were divided into eight classes depending on the category of visual work. Where products less than 0.15 mm are processed, they were assigned to the first group, and where accuracy is not particularly needed, they were assigned to the eighth. And for industrial enterprises, KEO is chosen based on the category of visual work.

The choice of window systems for the building

Natural light will enter our building through the windows. Therefore, knowing the norms that we need to comply with, we can proceed to the choice of windows.

The first task is the choice of window systems. That is, we must decide what kind of lighting we will have - top, side or combined in each room. To answer this question, it is necessary to take into account the architectural structure of the building, its geographical location, the materials used, the thermal efficiency of the house and, of course, the price will play an important role.
If you opt for overhead lighting, then you can use the so-called light-aeration or skylights. These are special structures, which often, in addition to light, also provide ventilation for buildings.
Light-aeration lamps in most cases have rectangular shape. This is due to the ease of installation. At the same time, the triangular shape is considered the most successful in terms of lighting. But for triangular lanterns, it practically does not exist reliable systems raising windows for ventilation.
Light-aeration lamps are usually installed above industrial buildings with a large internal heat release, or on buildings located in southern latitudes, as in the video. This is due to the large heat losses of such window systems.

	Rectangular light-aeration lanterns are recommended for use in II-IV climatic zones. At the same time, if the installation is carried out in the territories south of 55 ° latitude, then the orientation of the lamp should be made to the south and north. Such lanterns should be used in buildings with an excess of sensible heat above 23 W / m 2, and with a level of visual work of the IV-VII category.
	Trapezoidal light-aeration lamps are designed for the first climatic zone. They are used for buildings in which class II-IV visual work is performed and having an excess of sensible heat above 23 W / m 2.
	Antiaircraft lamps are recommended to be installed in I-IV climatic zones. At the same time, when buildings are located south of 55 0, diffusing or heat-protective glasses should be used as light-transmitting materials. It is used for buildings with an excess of sensible heat less than 23 W / m 2 and for all classes of visual work. It is important to note that the lights should be evenly spaced over the entire roof area.
	Anti-aircraft lamp with a light guide shaft can be used for all climatic zones. It is usually used for buildings with air conditioning and a small range of temperature differences (for example, it is quite possible to mount it yourself in residential buildings), as well as for areas where class II-VI work is performed. Found wide application in buildings with false ceilings.

Skylights have recently become more and more widespread both in production and in housing construction. This is due to the ease of installation of such systems and a fairly comfortable cost. The heat losses of such window systems are not so great, which allows them to be successfully used in northern latitudes.

Note! To eliminate the possibility of injury to a person, all horizontal and inclined surfaces of vertical lighting must have special grids. They are necessary to prevent the fall of glass fragments.

If you decide to use natural side-type lighting in rooms, then SNiP II-4-79 recommends giving preference to standard-type window systems. For such systems, all the necessary calculations have already been made and there are even recommendations. You can see these recommendations in the table below.

For lateral natural lighting, an important aspect is the shading of window systems from adjacent buildings. This must be taken into account in the calculations.

For buildings in which the wall opposite the window is at a considerable distance, multi-tiered window systems are often mounted. But it should be remembered that the height of one tier should not exceed 7.2 meters.
A very important aspect when choosing window systems is their correct orientation to the cardinal points. After all, it's not a secret for anyone that south-facing windows give much more light. This should be used to the maximum in buildings under construction in northern latitudes. At the same time, for buildings under construction in southern latitudes, it is recommended to orient windows to the north and west.

This will allow not only more rational use of daylight hours, but also reduce costs. Indeed, for buildings in southern latitudes, special light-blocking devices are mounted to limit the glare of the sun, and with the correct orientation of the windows this can be avoided.

Combination of KEO standards and illumination standards

But KEO standards are not calculated for every type of building. Sometimes it may happen that, according to the KEO standards, the illumination is sufficient, but the workplace illumination standards are not met.

This lack of natural light can be compensated by creating a combined lighting, or linked through critical outdoor lighting.

Critical outdoor illumination is called natural illumination in an open area equal to the normalized value of artificial lighting. This value allows you to bring KEO in accordance with the requirements for artificial lighting.
For this, the formula E n \u003d 0.01eE cr is used, where E n is the normalized value of illumination, e is the selected KEO standard, and E cr is our critical outdoor illumination.

But even this method does not always achieve the required standards. After all, indicators of natural lighting do not always allow achieving the normalized values of illumination of the workplace. First of all, this applies to buildings located in northern latitudes, where both the intensity of the light flux is lower and heat losses do not make it possible to install a large number of windows.

Especially for finding the golden mean, there is a so-called calculation of the reduced costs for natural lighting. It allows you to determine what is more profitable for the building to create high-quality natural lighting or limit it to combined, or maybe even artificial lighting.

Conclusion

Rooms without natural light are nowhere near as comfortable as buildings with direct sunlight. sunlight. Therefore, if possible, natural light must be created for any buildings and structures.

Of course, the issue of natural lighting is much more voluminous and multifaceted, but we have fully disclosed the main aspects of natural lighting in buildings, and we really hope that this will help you in right choice lighting for home or business.

Assessment of natural lighting in production due to its variability depending on the time of day and atmospheric conditions is carried out in relative terms of the coefficient of natural illumination - KEO. KEO - the ratio of natural illumination at the considered point inside the room (Eb) to the simultaneous value of outdoor (En) horizontal illumination without direct sunlight.

KEO is expressed as a percentage and is determined by the formula:

The KEO value is affected by the size and configuration of the room, the size and location of the light apertures, reflecting the ability of the interior surfaces of the room and the objects that shade it. KEO does not depend on the time of day and the variability of natural light. Depending on the purpose of the premises and the location of light apertures in it, KEO is standardized from 0.1 to 10%. The norms of natural lighting of the premises are set separately for the side and top location of the light openings. With one-sided side lighting, the minimum KEO value is normalized at a distance of 1 m from the windows, and with two-sided side lighting in the middle of the room. In rooms with overhead or combined lighting, the average KEO value on the working surface is normalized (no closer than 1 m from the walls). In the amenity premises of industrial buildings, the KEO value should be at least 0.25%.

The KEO values for the combined lighting of buildings located in the III zone of the light climate range from 0.2 to 3%.

The level of natural light in the premises may decrease due to contamination of glass surfaces, which reduces the transmittance, and contamination of walls and ceilings reduces the reflection coefficient. Therefore, the norms provide for cleaning the windows of light openings at least 2 times a year in rooms with a slight emission of dust, smoke and soot, and at least 4 times in case of significant pollution. Whitewashing and painting of ceilings and walls should be done at least once a year.

As you know, light stimuli of certain parts of the solar spectrum cause various psychological reactions. Cold tones in the blue-violet part of the spectrum have a depressing, inhibitory effect on the body, yellow-green color has a calming effect, and the orange-red part of the spectrum has an exciting, stimulating effect and enhances the feeling of warmth. This property of the spectral composition of light is used to create light comfort in the aesthetic design of workshops, painting equipment and walls.

When choosing the color for painting rooms and equipment, you should use the “Guidelines for the light finishing of the surface of industrial premises and equipment” issued by Gosstroy. technological equipment industrial enterprises". At enterprises where workers, due to the nature and working conditions or due to geographical conditions (northern regions), are completely or partially deprived of natural light, it is necessary to provide ultraviolet prophylaxis with sources of UV radiation (erythema lamps) that compensate for the deficiency of natural UV radiation and have a pronounced bactericidal and psycho-emotional impact on a person. Prevention of "light" starvation is carried out by long-term ultraviolet irradiation installations, which are part of the general artificial lighting system and irradiate workers with a low-intensity UV stream during the entire time of work. Short-term ultraviolet irradiation installations are also used - fotaria, in which UV irradiation occurs for several minutes.

Insolation of industrial buildings through light apertures with a large glass area significantly increases the natural illumination of the premises, has a blinding effect due to direct or reflected glare from sun rays, and to combat excessive insolation, it is necessary to use sun protection devices of a stationary or adjustable type - visors, horizontal and vertical screens, special landscaping, transparent blinds, curtains, etc.