Grapes do not bud in spring. In the critical phase (flowering of grapes). Violations made during the dosage of dressings

IN last years grape growing is becoming more and more popular. But sometimes, due to certain reasons and factors, a completely healthy vine refuses to bear fruit. It actively grows green leaves, but it does not bloom, and does not set berries.

So, why the grapes do not bear fruit and what should be done to correct this situation? There may be several main reasons for this phenomenon.

Causes of crop failure and measures to increase fruiting

What needs to be done so that grape plants please with a consistently high yield:

There can be a lot of reasons why grapes do not bear fruit, so it is necessary to dwell on each of them in detail.

Overabundance of organics

Very often, when applying organic or nitrogen fertilizers, the recommended norms are not observed. As a result, there is an excess of nitrogen, which adversely affects fruiting. At the same time, grape bushes “fatten”, that is, they actively increase leaf mass to the detriment of fruiting and flowering. In addition, winter hardiness and disease resistance are reduced.

The first sign of an excess of nitrogen is an increased growth of shoots, which continues until frost, while they do not have time to mature and remain green. Later, bushes with such shoots will suffer greatly even from a slight frost. To prevent this, you need to properly fertilize. Most of the organic matter is embedded in the soil in the fall, and in the spring the bushes need to be fed with nitrogen fertilizers, while their amount should be halved from the recommended dose.

Advice! Experienced growers recommend using pipes dug into the ground for applying liquid fertilizers.

Trimming errors

Illiterate pruning is another reason for the lack of fruiting.

On the vines there are "fruitful eyes", from which shoots with flowers begin to grow in spring. In the vast majority of varieties, if you count from the very base of the shoot, these are from 4 to 8 eyes.

But there are also varieties in which they start with 8 or even 12 eyes. Therefore, if you cut the vines very short, the grapes will simply have nothing to bear fruit on. What to do in order not to make mistakes when trimming? It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the characteristics of each particular variety and be sure to follow the recommended schemes.

Insufficient pollination

Another reason for the lack of berries is insufficient pollination. This is possible if a grape bush with a female type of flowering was planted, and there is no pollinator nearby. What to do in this case? To help the bush with pollination, you need to transfer pollen from the bisexual variety to its flower brushes. This can be done with a rabbit fur puff.

Artificial pollination during flowering should be carried out 2 to 3 times. The first time - at the very beginning, the second - a few days after the first, and the third - towards the end of mass flowering. Best time for the implementation of artificial pollination - this is the morning, but if cloudy weather has settled on the street, then it is possible throughout the day.

If, after such artificial pollination, brushes are tied on the grapes, then it needs a pollinator. Kishmish grape varieties are very often used as it.

Interesting! Most of the cultivated grape varieties initially have about 600 flowers in their inflorescence, if berries were tied on all of them, then the weight of the grape brush would be from 5 to 7 kg.

The vine simply could not withstand such a load, so about 40% of the flowers fall off at the flowering stage.

Freezing bushes

In frosty winters or with insufficient shelter, grape bushes often freeze slightly, which also affects the level of its fruiting. To help such plants recover, first you need to correctly determine the degree of their damage.

Most often, fruitful eyes on annual vines suffer from frost. To check viability, they need to be cut lengthwise. If everything is fine, then on the cut you will see the central and replacing kidneys of green color, and if they are frozen, then their color will be brown.

After checking the kidneys, they begin to examine the bark on the vine. To do this, small incisions are made on it and the condition of the tissues under it is assessed. If they have been damaged by frost, then their color will be partially or completely brown.

To help the bushes recover from freezing, spring pruning is carried out. To do this, the affected shoots are cut off at the very base, which will further contribute to the development of replacement buds and fruitful shoots.

Wrong landing site

If the grapes are carried out proper care, but he still refuses to bear fruit, the reason for this may lie in the wrong landing site. This plant is very thermophilic, therefore, the northern parts of the plots are not suitable for its cultivation, it will grow quite successfully on them, but it will refuse to bear fruit.

For planting grapes should choose the southern or southwestern areas.

Pests and diseases

If the grapes do not bear fruit, it is also worth paying attention to the condition of its shoots and leaves - perhaps the reason lies in diseases, or the plants are affected by pests. Very often, spider mites or aphids attack grapes. To combat them, use systemic insecticides, breed and apply them according to the attached annotation.

Of the diseases on grapes, gray rot and mildew are very common.

Growing grapes is a fascinating and interesting activity. But in order to get large yields, it is imperative to observe agricultural technology. You also need to know that young bushes actively begin to bear fruit only in the fourth year, and with proper care give high yields up to 50 years.

Practical experience.

Every year, the flowering period of grapes is associated with the expectation of a rich future harvest. Its basis is good pollination of brushes and rapid growth of ovaries. But two weeks of flowering pass and very often, despite the significantly increased size of the clusters, hopes melt like last year's snow. Barely emerging berries on the hands begin to crumble, the ridges slowly fade away, along with dreams of a good harvest.

What conclusions should be drawn for the future so that such troubles do not recur?

Of course, to establish the cause of poor pollination of grapes, you say, and you will be right. However, it's easier said than done. Sometimes it is not easy to establish one single reason, because there can be several reasons. In order to determine what reasons could prevent the brushes from pollinating, you need to know them, as well as understand what measures in the future will help to avoid the repetition of such mistakes or the emergence of new ones.

And so we list the main secrets of good pollination of grapes:

1. There is never enough pollen for pollination.

This means that before entering the “pea” stage, the grapes practically do not feel the load of the crop, which is what winegrowers use: they leave all the brushes for flowering - this gives additional pollen, and you can choose the best from 2-3 clusters pollinated on the shoot.

That is, it is not worth normalizing the brushes until the end of flowering. And only when they are formed, you need to leave the best.

Poor pollination

2.Additional (artificial) pollination.

It turns out the snout is functional female flower grapes are capable of accepting pollen for about 24 hours (droplets are visible on the stigmas), then it turns brown, and if pollination has not occurred, it disappears, with a weak turgor of the stamens, the caps are not shed, pollination does not occur - the ovary also crumbles.

Functionally female flower

1- cap 2- stigma with a drop of moisture 3- stamens

To increase the yield of grape varieties with FZHTC (functionally female type of flowering), brushes are artificially pollinated with pollen of bisexual varieties. This work is very simple. They make a puff - a wooden spatula, fit it with rabbit, hare or other fur, trimmed to a length of 1-1.5 cm. The fur is pre-washed with soap, dried, and then attached to the holders.

Puffs. photo Yakovlev A.V.

When pollinated with a powder puff, they touch the inflorescences of a bush of bisexual grape varieties and transfer pollen to inflorescences with functionally female flowers.

Pollination with powder puffs. photo Prigarovsky E.

Double artificial pollination gives the best results. The first time this is done before mass flowering, the second - during it. It is better to pollinate the grapes in the morning, as soon as the dew disappears, before 9-10 o'clock. In cloudy weather, this can be done throughout the day.

It is useful to do artificial cross-pollination on bisexual grape varieties. To do this, you can use a household anther.

Cross-pollination. photo Shashkov A.V.

3. Pinching technique.

There are varieties (hybrids) of grapes that are acutely sensitive to lack of nutrients coming from the roots to the brushes during flowering, so some growers recommend pinching the top of the shoot to redirect the flow of nutrition to the brush, creating Better conditions for pollination and initial development of berries.

This is done at the very beginning of flowering, when the blooming of flowers is visually determined, i.e. when dropping the first caps. At the very end of the shoot with the future bunch, three tiny leaves need to be plucked off.

The entire crown is removed.

But premature pinching or delaying it does more harm than good. If this technique is done before the start of flowering, then instead of one growth point on the shoot, several of them will appear, in the form of stepchildren, and the opposite effect will take place. If you are late with pinching, the grapes will not have time to rebuild nutrient flows and the effectiveness of such an agricultural method will be reduced to zero. Pinching on weak shoots is not done, as this usually leads to a negative result.

If you have a small vineyard and are able to keep track of all the timing of the operation, then this is undoubtedly the cheapest and easiest way to improve pollination.

4. Foliar treatment with the BOR microelement.

More effective way enhancing the nutrition of bunches before flowering is the treatment of grape vines before and during flowering with boron-containing preparations.

Many studies have found that flowers are the richest in boron compared to other parts of plants. It plays an essential role in the processes of fertilization. When it is excluded from the nutrient medium, plant pollen grows poorly or even does not germinate at all.

Signs of Boric Starvation

The additional application of boron promotes better pollen germination, eliminates the fall of the ovaries and enhances the development of the reproductive organs.

The most common forms of boron microfertilizers used in Russia are boric acid and storm. The main disadvantage of these drugs is their low solubility in water.

The issue of creating an effective boron microfertilizer remained open for a long time, until the appearance of a new development of the US BORAX company - the preparation Solubor DF. Solyubor DF is a unique boron microfertilizer for foliar top dressing, in addition to a high (17.5%) boron content, it has the highest solubility among all fertilizers known on the agricultural market, is easily absorbed by the plant and quickly eliminates the lack of this element.

Solubor DF

Of the familiar developments, the best is Vuksal "combi B". Boric chelate fertilizer. It contains 16% boron. It is necessary to process by spending 35 g of the drug per 1 weave before flowering on the 5th leaf, and 1 treatment during flowering.

Vuksal combi B

Brush processed Vuksal combi B

Brush treated before flowering

Vuxal helps to pollinate

A new development of the boron-containing preparation Kelkat Bor belongs to the Spanish company Atlantica Agricola, already well known for Agricola.

5. The use of biostimulators of the ovary of grapes.

Everyone is already accustomed to the fact that when grown on personal plot vegetables, we use biostimulants "Ovary" and the like, for better fertilization in bad weather conditions, so as not to be left without a crop at all.

Fertilizer Maxicrop Ovary is a new development of scientists from the company Valagro (Italy) Maxicrop Ovary (Set) in the field of crop production.

As part of the fertilizer Maxicrop Ovary are used exclusively natural ingredients(100% extract from Ascophyllum nodosum algae), selected and prepared accordingly.

Maxicrop Ovary is intended for foliar feeding

New development well-known manufacturer guarantees flowering and ovary formation due to the content of highly effective phytohormones (cytokinin, betaine, alginic acid, amino acids) enriched with chelated zinc.

Application of Maxicrop Ovary

I want to say a few words about the favorite varieties of quiche-mish. It is a well-known fact that there are no bones only in quiche-mish of 1-2 classes. In the remaining 3-4 classes, there are one or two fully formed bones.

To get rid of the bones or bring them to the state of rudiments (soft underdeveloped bones), you need to use preparations based on gibberellin.

Such drugs stimulate cell division and increase the size of the fetus in a natural way, without reducing the taste and technological qualities, increasing the rate of division and the formation of new cells at the stages: after the formation of the ovary and during the period of active growth of the fetus. Which leads to an increase in the size of the fetus, and the development of the bones stops.

Such a biostimulant is Benefit, already known to Valagro (Italy).

The composition of the biological product includes special amino acids (glycine, alanine, aspartic and glutamic acids), which activate the most important metabolic reactions (natural division of growth cells).

Only the ovaries are treated with this preparation, after pollination, when they reach the size of a match head. Every 10 days at the rate of 25 ml per 10 liters of water for a month, that is, 3 times.

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In the next season, take into account the mistakes and prepare in advance everything you need to carry out timely activities that improve the pollination of the brushes, thereby saving the harvest. Remember, flowering time different varieties(hybrid) grapes last 3-5 days. The period is very short, you need to do everything in time.

You can try out the means to help pollinate the grapes in your vineyard by placing an order at.

I will be very grateful to you! Thank you!

One of the most important and at the same time beautiful periods in the life of grapes is its flowering. This is the penultimate phase of the growing season, in which the flower separates, the stamens straighten, the pollen spills out and the bush is fertilized.

Period Description

During the flowering period, air temperature, humidity and proper care of the plant are of great importance. The best weather conditions during this period are moderate drought and air temperature of 25-30 degrees Celsius. Depending on the region, grapes begin to bloom from the last decade of May and continue, depending on the variety, up to 20 days. In some regions, the temperature in June does not exceed 15 degrees, which adversely affects flowering. In the cold, the flowers bloom poorly, pollination is inactive, and as a result, a small number of ovaries are formed.

Also an important role is played by a sufficient amount of nutrients in the soil near the bush. If the soil is poor, little pollen is formed, respectively, the ovaries will be rare. Another reason for poor harvests is cold winds. They pluck flowers and ovaries, pour out pollen. The density of the brush and the future number of berries are completely dependent on these three factors.
The flowering of grapes does not occur around the clock, but only from 7 to 11 in the morning. After these hours, only individual flowers can bloom.

The flowers are pollinated within a week. The pollination period can be seen. The flower becomes light and moist. After pollination, it dries up, and ovaries begin to form. In the rain, the corollas are not dropped, respectively, the bisexual variety pollinates itself, and the female varieties do not pollinate. Even with ideal weather before and during flowering, only half of the flowers are fertilized, the rest are showered. This is the nature of the vineyards. After rain, only 10-20% of the flowers can be pollinated.
An important role is played by the sufficiency of photosynthesis processes, that is, the formation of organic substances, with the help of solar energy. Warm but cloudy weather slows it down.

Features of flowering

Caps are dropped at a temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius;
Full pollination is possible at a temperature of 17 degrees and above;
Grapes bloom for 8 days or more, depending on the variety and air temperature;
Delayed flowering of grapes at high humidity and temperatures of 15 degrees and below;
It is undesirable to water the bush 10-14 days before flowering. This can contribute to the development of fungal diseases.
Rain can break flowers and ovaries.

Necessary measures before flowering

The shoots are cut and tied up, leaving only the required amount. Otherwise, after flowering, there will be a lot of clusters, and there will be few ovaries on them.

A week or two before flowering, the plant must be watered abundantly. So that the soil remains moist throughout this period. The next time watered after shedding flowers.

Processing of inflorescences is done for better pollination.
The first pollination is always the most difficult, so only one inflorescence per shoot is left.
Inflorescences must be open for good pollination. To this end, after the shoots bloom, the leaves around the future brushes are taken to the sides. Under no circumstances should they be cut off.
During flowering, shoots grow many times more intensively, taking a lot of nutrients. For this period, pinch their tops.

Processing and top dressing of the vineyard during flowering

To protect against diseases and pests, vineyards are treated by spraying. Treatment for diseases and pests is done 3-5 days before the plant blooms. To do this, use drugs such as Ridomil Gold, Topaz and Decis. They are bred in water and spray the bush completely.

Foliar top dressing of grapes is also necessary. It is made after 4-6 days from the beginning of flowering. For this purpose, you can use Vuksal Kombi B. This is a complex nitrogen-potassium fertilizer containing a large amount of boron. If the treatment is carried out with other drugs, then it is necessary to include boron additionally. It is important for the process of pollen formation and rapid fertilization of flowers.

Another treatment includes complex spraying of the bush with preparations for various diseases and pests. It is carried out after the formation of ovaries.

Grapes in the spring are most often a concern. The main problem is that the kidneys do not want to wake up. And the reasons for this are not entirely clear, especially if they were prepared well enough for wintering. Of course, winters are getting stronger every year, but given fact doesn't calm at all. This is no reason for the frost-resistant varieties, which many gardeners also carefully cover for hibernation.

There are only two reasons why the grapes do not wake up: you were poorly prepared for the winter or the weather was able to defeat all your efforts. Knowing that everything was done well, you begin to expect that they are about to bloom. But the long wait only exacerbates the situation. So it is necessary to act. It is necessary to double-check everything and find errors, especially in your actions. So, there is an opportunity not only to realize your mistakes, but also to avoid them in subsequent years.
If the problem is still hidden in low temperatures weather conditions, then here you should know that drops adversely affect all types of plants. Cold torrential rains in the spring are also not helpers for the growth of buds in grapes.
The fact is immediately noted that during pruning, the owner cut his eyes very short. So, they not only do not bloom, but they may not wake up, but dry out. Therefore, do everything carefully and slowly so that this does not become the cause of unblown grape buds.

What are the kidneys

The kidneys did not wake up and the problems were not clarified. What to do? All preparatory work were carried out strictly according to all standards, the winter was not so severe, but they still do not want to bloom. In this case, carefully examine the entire bush from the ocellar parosts. It is necessary to find out their functions. Each kidney belongs to a specific type and must function, starting from the destination:

sleeping;
angular;
stepson;
wintering. This kidney is responsible for the harvest current year after wintering. The more such inflorescences on the vine, the greater the yield will be. Its difference from all other species is that it is formed into a separated complex, which covers inflorescences of different types. But still the main one is the kidney that is in the middle. All the rest are in a circle or nearby. If they wake up, they will immediately have leaves, and an inflorescence, and antennae, and nodes. This will include the internode. They are able to replace each other, which makes it possible to provide the shrub with unique fruits. True, if the main one does not bloom, then the spare ones are much weaker, which means that the harvest and berries will be smaller.

More specifically about wintering

It is possible to determine which of all the buds on the vine is wintering in another way. Its structural feature is green scales. In autumn it changes color to brown.
But, in addition to the complex, which includes the main and replacement buds, there are those responsible for the fruits. The rudiments of inflorescences are blocked in them. Additionally, you can notice the kidneys that do not differ from the rest in appearance. But their function is the rudiments of antennae.
You can also notice the complexes by the vine of wintering buds by the pads on which they are located. The space between the complex and the pillow is filled with chlorophyll. Its thickness is approximately 2 mm. This is where the germ is located. It is quite acceptable to remove hibernating eyes. So, you do not deprive the shrub of the opportunity to develop. Why? There is an injury to chlorophyll, but this is what contributes to the emergence of new ones, which will subsequently open up. This process provokes the appearance of twins, and in frequent cases, tees. Here you will have to make a choice: a well-developed main or well-formed and developed substitutes. It is necessary to make a choice in order to cut off unnecessary ones. This is done so that the fruits develop only on the kidney you left.

What does stepson kidney mean

This species hides in the axils of the leaves in the main shoots of shrubs. They turn into escapes. Most often they are sterile, since the necessary substances for nutrition and development are not enough for them. Can be identified by their underdevelopment. Their growth stops at the stipule stage. The main task of the stepson bud is to develop and restore the damaged parts of the grape bush. These damages can occur for various reasons.

Some experts use them to get a double crop. But the technique does not work everywhere. Depends on the region of germination of shrubs and natural conditions.

Stepchildren who are stiff

This type of stepchildren is grown separately. Their presence is mandatory. Their advantages:

resistance to frost;
the ability to accumulate useful substances;
increased fertility.

Thanks to these opportunities, such stepchildren are used in regions with severe frosts. They are able to give a double crop, which gives advantages over other stepchildren.

What are the central and reserve kidneys

Such types of kidneys as central ones are the most vulnerable. Especially when it comes to a very cold winter or frequent spring rains. Cold and high humidity kills them. But help is right next to the bush - corner. Here they are just completely unharmed after the winter cold. Provided that the main buds have not blossomed, then the awakened corner buds replace them and begin to function instead of them.

They look angular so that they are noticed: the shape is in the form of a small cone. Consists of several small cones. They are located above all the others.
If you leave them after damage to the main kidneys, then the harvest will be unique and in sufficient quantity. But it is advisable to use it only after damage to the main ones or their death.
When serious problems such as a dead main bud appear, the vine should be cut just below its location. Now the role of the corners is to function as the main one. But nature can play a cruel joke in some regions. The less stressful situations experienced by the grapes and sudden changes in temperature, the more likely positive result from the procedure.
Experienced winegrowers warn that replacing the main eyes with corner eyes unnecessarily will not benefit the shrub. However, even after the death of the priority eyes, there will be no 100% guarantee that the procedure will be successful and the awakened tree of vitamins will begin to bear fruit.

sleeping kidney

This kind of buds will not be enough only in grapes that are a year old. In older plants, they always exist. They are underdeveloped central and spare parosts. They are resistant to winter cold. As soon as the main and spare buds die, the sleeping ones immediately wake up and try to massively replace the missing element of the vine for fruiting. They are also called spinning tops or shoots. It all depends on the location: the aerial part or close to the roots. How to define them? Pay attention to the presence of long and thick shoots. It is they who are trying to replace the old and damaged shoots with themselves. The second purpose of dormant buds is cuttings and grafting during grafting to rejuvenate or create new hybrid forms.
For a prosperous harvest, they are not enough. The older the dormant kidneys, the greater the chance of a positive result, and the opportunity to collect an equal result with the main ones.
If you look for the difference between the listed species, then this is only biological utility. So, the grape bush tries to protect itself from damage, and the inability to bear fruit. It kind of gives itself a chance for rebirth.

We start to wake up

The sooner you start the awakening process. But the ideal chance is the time after the vines have dried out. You can open and wake up after the snow has completely melted, and the plus mark on the thermometer lasts long enough. The day should be sunny or with light clouds, but never rainy or overcast. If it rains on the same day, it is evidence that it will no longer be possible to save the bush.

We remove completely the material for wintering.
We dry the vine. It must be completely dry for the planned procedures. The wind will help.
While the upper parts were waking up, we were awakening the root system.

The roots can be awakened by heating the soil. For young animals, a method using glass bottles inserted into the ground with a thin part in a circle. There is another method - using hot water. This requires daily watering. We raise the water temperature gradually: every day we increase it by 10–20 degrees. The whole lifting process temperature regime for water will be 9 days.
Finally, I would like to remind you that it is not worth opening the vine ahead of time. The spring sun is very deceptive, and your concern is to ensure the safety of the main and replacing them kidneys.

Grapes are not only a valuable bush, but also three or four baskets of berries. But so that this number does not decrease to one bunch, or even does not come to naught at all, it is necessary to surround the vine with unprecedented care and affection. This is where the main problems arise.

After listening to grandparents who half a century ago worked in the vineyard, some individuals get the impression that they know everything about grapes. In practice, however, it often turns out that this is not the case at all.

Grapes did not wake up in time - we must try to reanimate him

The owners of the vine face problems more often in the spring than in other seasons. And the main concern is caused by the buds of grapes, which, for unknown reasons, did not bloom after hibernation.

Why didn't the kidneys wake up?

If the grapes have not woken up, there are two options: either this is your mistake, or the weather. To be indignant at nature is a lost cause, it is not subject to us. But to analyze your mistakes and prevent them from now on is quite realistic.

Incorrect pruning in the fall - the reason why the grapes do not wake up

Sleeping shoots may not wake up due to the prolonged influence of low temperatures or its sharp drop. A warm and excessively rainy spring also causes dormant grape buds.

Regarding the human factor, the eyes die and do not bloom in the spring due to too short pruning or low vine load. Therefore, take care of excluding these problems in advance.

Varieties of buds in grapes

If the problem of dormant buds nevertheless arose and it was not possible to eliminate the factors leading to a slowdown in the development of grape sprouts, read more about the structure of the grape bush. What are the ocular parosts, what functions do they perform in the development of the vine.

The kidneys are divided into types:

wintering;
stepson;
corner;
sleeping.

Wintering eyes are responsible for the yield of the season: the more inflorescences formed, the larger the crop will be. The difference between hibernating peepholes and others is that it is actually a complex of buds that covers buds of varying degrees of differentiation.

Types of kidneys: A - vegetative kidney; B - generative kidney; B - vegetative-generative bud; 1 - rudimentary stem; 2 - renal scales; 3 - rudimentary flowers; 4 - rudimentary leaves

Chief among them is the kidney, which occupies a central position. It is ahead of the rest of the kidneys in development and is equipped with a complete "set" of organs: leaves, inflorescences, antennae, nodes, and internodes.

The organs of the kidney will open on the shoot only next spring. The central one is surrounded by spare kidneys, which differ in relatively weak differentiation compared to the main one. Why is this happening, you ask, because this kidney, as it were, plays the role of a spare, safety net.

The wintering eye is covered with a protective green scale, which hardens and becomes almost brown by autumn.

In addition to the main and spare buds, the eye includes fruitful buds with rudiments of inflorescences and sterile buds with rudiments of antennae, which do not visually differ.

The wintering eye complex is located on a small pillow - a low elevation. The space between the pad and the winter eye is filled with chlorophyll about two millimeters thick, where the rudiments are located. Therefore, if you remove the wintering eye without damaging the chlorophyll layer, new ones will appear in place of the removed eye.

Wintering eyes in growth go first

In the spring, the main and spare buds begin to develop. Subsequently, twin shoots grow, and sometimes tee shoots. Here comes the time of choice. If the main one is well developed, then the fruits develop on it, and the owners of the grapes cut off the shoots from the spare ones. And if spare buds have developed better, this is done with the main one, and the fruits grow on them.

Stepson buds are called those buds that hide in the axil of the leaf of the main shoot give rise to stepchild shoots, which are usually barren due to a lack of nutrients.

Stepson shoots grow to the size of a stipule, and then stop growing and fall off.

Stepson buds will fall off on their own if the main shoot develops normally.

Now the main purpose of stepchildren is the accelerated development and restoration of the aerial parts of grapes damaged for one reason or another. They are also used for double harvest, but this technique not productive in all regions.

stiff stepchildren

In addition to the usual stepson buds, woody stepchildren are grown separately, which have a number of advantages over ordinary shoots: high frost resistance, developed accumulative function, high fruitfulness. Therefore, it is advisable to use stiff stepchild buds during high frosts in the region: they are not only protected from the cold, but also have a good supply of nutrients. In the spring, such stepchildren produce more fruits than the usual species.

Central and spare kidneys

In frosty winters and too rainy springs, the central and spare buds are at risk: they are often damaged or die. Meanwhile, the corner eyes do not suffer from frost and partially take over the functions of the damaged ones.

Central kidney and spare eyes

The angular ocelli are actually a combination of two or three small cone-shaped buds, of which one is at a higher stage of development relative to the others. The distance between the kidneys and the base of the shoot is about two to three millimeters.

corner eyes

Corner eyes also bear good fruit, especially when it comes to uncovered vines grown in large numbers. But it is not advisable to use the corner eyes as the main fertile buds. This is best done only if the replacement and central kidneys have died from cold or rain. To get a crop from corner eyes, when spring comes, annual vines are broken off or pruned slightly below the level of the affected winter eye.

Removing the corner eye will allow the main eye to develop more actively.

The weather and natural conditions of the region determine how prolific corner eyes will be after this procedure. The less temperature fluctuations and stresses for the plant, the better the result can be expected.

The ratio between the possible fruits from the corner eye and the central buds is from two-thirds to nine-tenths, which means that it will not be possible to achieve one hundred percent fruitfulness from the corner eye.

During the flowering process, the central buds grow much more than the corner buds. But the fruits of the corner eye become fully mature faster due to the lower load of fruits on the grapes.

dormant buds

Sleeping buds do not occur in one-year-old plants and are characteristic of older vines. These buds are formed from underdeveloped central and spare buds and perform the functions of hibernating eyes.

This type of kidney is distinguished by its resistance to cold. And in case of death from the cold of the central and spare kidneys, they are massively replaced.

Sleeping buds produce shoots in the above-ground part of the plant, called spinning tops, and near the root system underground - coppice shoots. These are long and thick shoots that replace other shoots in case of damage or old age. They are also used directly by the grape owners themselves in order to rejuvenate the vine when pruning.

Cutting tops at the root will strengthen the bush

The average yield of dormant buds in our latitudes leaves much to be desired. But even in one plant, fruitfulness is uneven. At the base, where there are more nutrients, the harvest is greater, and at the top and sleeves of the vine, little can be collected from sleeping buds. With age, the fertility of dormant buds increases, and as a result, it practically compares with the yield of the main and replacement buds.

The difference in the functions and structure of the kidneys is a useful biological apparatus that has been formed in the process of evolution and contributes to high vitality and fertility.

Another useful feature that has emerged as a result of the division into functions is adaptation to difficult weather conditions, which is very useful in our climate.

What to do to "wake up" the grapes?

It is important to wake up the grape shoots on time and correctly. Do not delay with the choice of time: if you miss the right moment, the bark of the plant will dry out. As soon as a warm day comes, the snow melts, and the temperature will lie above zero, you can proceed. Remove the cover and fully open the vine, wait for the grapes to dry completely by drying them with wind and sun.

In the spring, the grapes must be opened on time

Activities to awaken sleeping shoots, eyes, are carried out according to this principle: first we wake up the root system, then - the aerial part of the vine.

After removing the shelter and drying the grapes, lay a black polyethylene film under the vine. This is done in order to transfer and retain the heat of the soil and thus awaken the root system.

Another method to warm the soil is to pour over it. hot water. It is no less working, and you do not have to spend money on plastic wrap. But even here there are nuances. Do not immediately pour boiling water over the ground - this is stress for the plant - do it gradually. Water every day, raising the temperature by ten degrees a day and raising it from twenty degrees to boiling water in nine days.

If the kidneys do not wake up, it is necessary to warm the roots

But to say that you have done everything to wake up the sleeping kidneys, this is not enough. In spring, there are sharp temperature changes: during the day, the grapes are heated by the heat of the sun, and at night they are quickly cooled by night frosts. Therefore, do not forget to protect the grapes from bright sun rays and night cold. If no protective measures are taken, the reverse process is observed: the buds open too early.

Heteroauxin treatment after pruning will speed up waking up

They feel a surge of heat and react with rapid development at a time when the root system does not receive heat and does not develop. Through this, the supply of nutrients remaining after the winter is spent on the awakening of the kidneys, and not on the development of the root system, as a result, the aerial part dies.

Not everything is so bad: the ground part will grow later, but this year it will not bear much fruit.

Freezing can destroy vine shoots

Dangerous freezing rain - bushes must be covered

To avoid this unpleasant phenomenon and ensure considerable fertility, cover the grapes with double lutrasil after warming up the earth. It performs two functions at once: it protects against overheating and protects against hypothermia.

Conclusion

If you are faced with buds that have not awakened in spring, do not despair - the plant can still be saved, but this season the fruits may not please. To solve this problem, wake up the grapes according to the scheme proposed above and do not miscalculate over time, protect the vine from frost and high temperatures.

If the weeping of grapes has begun, it means that soon the kidneys will grow

Try to continue to eliminate factors that slow down the development of grapes, and insulate the vine for the winter. Good luck and high yields!

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