How to choose open-end wrenches: types and sizes. Overview of wrenches Is there a wrench for 15

Wrenches by type are very diverse and may differ both in appearance and in the material of use (brand and type of metal or alloy).

A wrench is a tool that is used to tighten bolts, nuts, or faceted elements. Each type of wrench has its pros and cons.

First of all, wrenches differ in the shape of the working part - open-end wrenches, open-end wrenches, ring wrenches, adjustable, end wrenches.

Helpful information:

The most recognizable and common type. For these keys, the capture of the part is carried out by elements that have the shape of horns. Open-end wrenches have two working parts of different sizes located at the ends of one handle. This is convenient in that it reduces the number of keys of the required size during operation.

Thanks to its versatility open end wrenches very popular despite some shortcomings. One of the disadvantages is a small contact zone, only at two points, if the force is large, then the key tends to deform the edges of the part in the contact zone, if the horns of the key are thin, then this probability increases.

Ring wrenches

For these keys, the working part has a head start of a ring with edges on inside. Its design is more reliable than that of open-end wrenches, since the part is covered over the entire surface (that is, at least in six places), which practically eliminates the deformation of the corners. Ring spanners exist with two types of internal profile - with a 6-point profile and a 12-point profile. It is more convenient to work with a profile with 12 faces in a limited space, since it needs a turn of 30 degrees, a key with a 6-sided profile needs 60 degrees of turn.

More common are wrenches with an inclined head, when the working part is at a slight angle to the handle. Ring wrenches are available in different sizes, as are open-end wrenches.

Open-end wrenches (combined wrenches)

This type of wrench combines an open-end working part on one side of the handle, and a ring working part on the other side. This combination removes the shortcomings of each (both carob and cap) separately. Combination wrenches are produced with one size of the working part on both sides (eg 13*13 mm).

Adjustable wrenches

They are an open-end wrench with a variable size between the clamps. Such keys are quite popular in everyday life, because they replace almost all sizes of keys used.

But this type of key has its drawbacks:

The large size of the working part, which can interfere when working in tight spaces.
In the course of work and over time, the sliding mechanism wears out, which leads to significant backlash, that is, to the inability to tightly cover the edges of the part.
The need to often adjust the position of the grip according to the size of the nuts, which is not always convenient.

Socket wrenches

This type of key is a hollow tube or cylinder with recesses at both ends. Socket wrenches are of two types:

L-shaped socket wrenches

They have the same size on both edges of the working parts. This is done with the expectation that the nut (or bolt) can be deep from the surface and then the long part of the wrench is used, but more effort is required (due to the small leverage). If the part is shallow, then the short part of the key is used, respectively, due to the larger lever, less effort is applied.

I-shaped wrenches

They look like a hollow cylinder with a working part of different sizes at both ends. You have to work with such a key using a lever (knob) that is inserted into through hole in the key case.

hex keys

This type of keys has G-about different shape and is used to work with bolts (screws, screws) that do not have external edges, but internal ones. Mainly used mainly in furniture assembly, repair household appliances and similar works.

TORX star key

These keys have the same shape as hex keys, only with the peculiarity that the end of the key is made in the form of an asterisk (the scope is different from electronics repair to repairing cars and some household appliances).

According to the types of metal, keys should be purchased from a chrome-vanadium alloy or a chromium-molybdenum alloy, all other types of metals or alloys do not show such good results when working, no matter how attractive they look.

With all the variety of types of keys, everyone can choose what he needs at the moment, or purchase a set. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that it is better to purchase quality products in order to avoid disappointment in the future.

Pin it

Even a person who is far from technology often has to unscrew and tighten screws, bolts, nuts (hardware - this is how these metal products are often abbreviated) with a tool intended for this - wrenches. Each key is marked with the size of its working part, simply - the pharynx. But the value corresponding to it - turnkey size - denoted in technical reference books by the letter S (the distance between opposite parallel faces on a nut, bolt or screw head), is not indicated on any fastener. As a rule, these data are not available in the operating and repair instructions attached to any technique, even in the symbols and drawings, although there is plenty of other information about fasteners in them: both the thread size and its pitch are indicated, sometimes the length and even type of heat treatment, often tightening torque. But basically these data are constructive, and they are needed for the manufacture of parts. During adjustment, repair or assembly work, the above thread parameters, except for the latter, turn out to be unclaimed. For a mechanic, it is much more important to know with what size of the throat a wrench is needed for the head of one or another screw or bolt and nut (or, as professionals say, “wrench for how much”).

When the nut or bolt head is in plain sight and in an easily accessible place, it will not be difficult to determine “how much” a key is needed - an experienced techie will recognize this at a glance, and an inexperienced one can “calculate” using a caliper or by selecting keys: from two -Three times this is usually done successfully.

If the fastener is in hard to reach place, and even “behind the eyes” (which happens very often), then it is necessary to determine the size of the turnkey hardware head by touch, when even a professional can easily make a mistake. Trouble will not happen if the master tries to work with a smaller key - he simply will not fit on the head. If the key turns out to be large, then “cutting off” the edges of the head with it, as they say, is a couple of trifles. In addition to the fact that the part will be irreparably damaged, then unscrewing the fasteners even with a special tool will be a considerable problem.

To determine the “turnkey” size “behind the eyes”, it makes sense to refer to the information on the thread of the fastener specified in the instructions. After all, according to GOST, each thread corresponds to two close sizes of the turnkey fastener head: the main and the reduced one, and the difference in their values is small. On average, the turnkey size is approximately 1.5 times the outer diameter of the thread (see Table 1) and you can already focus on it.

Table 1. Correspondence of the dimensions of the turnkey fastener to its nominal diameter of the metric thread
Nominal diameter of metric thread		4	5	6	8	10	12	16	20	22	24	30	36	42	48
Turnkey size	S main	7	8	10	13	17	19	24	30	32	36	46	55	65	75
Turnkey size	S	-	-	-	-	12	14	17	22	27	32	41	50	60	70

And although the reduced turnkey size is assigned by designers less often than the main one, for the above reasons it is necessary to try to unscrew the fasteners “behind the eyes” with a smaller key: if it doesn’t fit, then you can safely work with a key corresponding to the main size - it will not break (of course, provided that the fasteners are not rusted). The keys are usually also made according to the same principle: at one end, the pharynx (open - for open-end, closed - for socket and ring keys) corresponds to the main size of the head of the fastener, at the other - reduced. Only combined ones fall out of this series, in which at both ends the pharynx is of the same size, only one is open, and the other is closed (circular), and wrenches are adjustable.

Sizes and types of wrenches

When working with fasteners for their safety, the tool is of the utmost importance, therefore, only serviceable keys should be used: their pharynx should not be expanded, and the lips should not be wrinkled. Wrenches with such defects must be removed from the working set. In addition, seemingly similar tools differ significantly in the quality of the metal, the profile of the jaws. The last condition directly affects the distribution of forces on the edges and edges of hardware.

Fasteners are designed for a specific tightening torque when assembling the product. However, often the efforts during disassembly, especially of “stuck” or rusted threaded connections, exceed it many times over. In these cases, it is better to use the appropriate socket or ring (professionals call them ring) wrenches, and not open-end wrenches. Moreover, you cannot use an adjustable wrench, as well as when unscrewing small (less than S10) nuts, bolts and screws.

If the edges of the fastener are severely damaged by corrosion or for some reason turned out to be “rolled up”, in order to still unscrew it, it is necessary to grind off the turnkey edges by a “number” less. Then, having impregnated the threaded connection with a special liquid (or, in extreme cases, kerosene) to soften the rust and after waiting for time, try to unscrew the part again. Another way (but not the last) to unscrew a bolt or screw with a damaged head is to make a slot between opposite faces for a strong screwdriver and try to unscrew the fastener with this tool. And finally - use a pipe wrench for this. By the way, in the nomenclature of the latter there are now those that do not damage the edges and edges of fasteners even at high unscrewing torques. For small nuts, special pliers can be used.

When you have to deal with the adjustment and repair of the same equipment (for example, a personal car) on a regular basis, it will be useful to compile a table of turnkey sizes for fasteners of the main adjustable units, devoting special time to this or as you turn to adjusting one or another mechanism or unit.

Table 2 shows the dimensions for the wrench of the main and adjusting threaded connections for the VAZ-2105 car.

Table 2. Some fasteners and their turnkey dimensions in VAZ vehicles
Name of units and fasteners	Fastener thread	Turnkey size
Engine, transmission
Flywheel housing screw	M6	10
Nut of fastening of the distributor of ignition	M8	13
Valve cover nuts	M6	10
Screw of fastening of the oil pan	M6	10
Silencer clamp bolt and nut	M8	13
Screw of fastening of the pallet of a crankcase of a transmission	M6	10
Nut of a tension of a belt of the fan of a pomp, generator	M10	17
Nuts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders	M6	10
Battery terminal nut	M6	10
Battery bracket nut	M8	13
Steering, brake, suspension, wheels
Castellated nut of fastening of a finger of steering draught	M10	17
Tie Rod Clutch Bolt	M8	12
Nut of a bolt of the coupling of steering draughts	M8	13
Nut and locknut of adjustment of a manual brake	M8	13
Nut of a hairpin of fastening of the lower spherical support	M8	13

Since it was about cars and car wrenches, it is worth noting that on a special account in the tool kit of the Zhiguli (and other cars) the so-called "balloon" "for 19" and "candle" "for 21" wrenches.

The first one is made quite peculiarly and stands out from the whole set of wrenches. It is recognized even by those who are not familiar with technology: it is cap-shaped, with a curved lever handle, the end of which is made in the form of a screwdriver sting. Once upon a time, with the help of this key, chrome wheel covers were removed, which are no longer installed on modern cars. It would be advisable to sharpen it a little and thus have a strong screwdriver in the kit. In addition to loosening and tightening wheel bolts, this wrench can also be used when working with other relevant fasteners. If necessary, the wheel bolts can also be unscrewed with a conventional (box and even open-end) wrench "19".

The second - a "candle" wrench in appearance is similar to similar tubular socket wrenches with the same diametrical hole for the knob. It even retains a ratio of 1.5 of the diameter of the turn-off thread (14 mm) to the distance between the opposite faces of the key (21 mm). If we turn again to table 2, it will become clear that the key is non-standard, and there is no special and other wrench with the same size in the kit. The thread on the candle, although standard (14x1.25), is one of the non-recommended ones.

And about one more wrench - the usual open-end wrench "for 10". This wrench, like a fire extinguisher, is always better to keep "at hand" - as they unscrew the nuts of the battery terminals. After all, if necessary, for example, in the event of a short circuit in electrical circuit or (which has also become relevant now) to turn off the alarm that went off for no reason (if it does not “obey” the key fob), this must be done very quickly.

It should be noted that in the automotive tool kit there are wrenches for far from all sizes of fasteners. Therefore, when you need to crawl under a car (in a pit or overpass), it will not be superfluous to check whether everything necessary tools taken with them, otherwise you will have to crawl out from under it with nothing. The same must be done if you are going to disassemble some assembly or assembly for repair or maintenance. In addition, very often some kind of universal and even special devices are required to disassemble the nodes without damage. Without all this, disassembly may be impossible or even in vain.

One remarkable moment: fasteners with a turnkey size of “13” appeared in our country along with the Zhiguli car, the prototype of which, as you know, was the Italian FIAT-124. With their appearance, hardware with wrench sizes “by 12” and “by 14” has lost its position.

All about wrenches - types and classification

Wrench - it would seem that such a simple tool, which can not be said much. However, as it turned out, a lot can be said about this surprisingly simple tool. In this article we will try to tell everything related to wrenches - their types, purpose, what keys are made of, and so on, where they can somehow appear.

The main types of wrenches

So, let's start with the most important thing - the types of wrenches that exist today. So, until recently there were only 3-4 types of keys, but to today, their number has slightly increased, due to a small "modernization". Well, wrenches have the following types:

open end wrenches;

Ring wrenches;

Combination wrenches;

Adjustable wrenches.

Well, let's look at all types of wrenches, in order. As you can see, the topic for discussion is very, very large.

open end wrenches

Perhaps the most common type of wrench, which has become a kind of symbol of this tool. So, open-end wrenches have existed, perhaps, since the time when the first nuts and bolts appeared. The difference between these keys is that the axes of the heads of such keys are usually deviated by 15°. Previously, the shape of the horns had a familiar shape and was made according to a certain GOST. However, recently, adjustments have been made to open-end wrenches - in particular, special recesses have appeared on the horns, which allow you to fix the nut more rigidly, and therefore it is practically impossible to break the edges of the nut or bolt head. In addition, the second adjustment was the shortening of one horn, which allows you to quickly rearrange the key from one nut to another.

Also, it is worth noting that open-end wrenches can be double-horned and one-sided. Actually, they can be distinguished quite simply - on a one-sided one, the horns are present only on one side, on a double-horned one, on both sides.

Ring wrenches

Immediately make a reservation that the ring wrench, as well as the open-end wrench, can be one-sided and two-sided. The difference of this key lies in something else - namely, in the form of the key head itself. If in the previous case the wrench had horns, between which nuts and bolts are fixed, then in this case, instead of the horns, we have some “rings” inside which the shape of a hexagon is notched, which completely repeats the shape of the nut or bolt head. According to the size of the product to be unscrewed or screwed in, the appropriate key is selected. The advantage of this type of key is that in this case the possibility of tearing off the edges of the part is completely excluded, since the head is clamped even more tightly than in the situation with a conventional open-end wrench.

The disadvantage of a box wrench is one detail that should be considered when working with nuts. So, you can use a spanner wrench only if there is free access to the nut or bolt. That is, in some situations, the nut can be closed with a sleeve, or any other object. Then, it will be possible to use either the open-end wrench above, or the adjustable wrench, which we will describe below.

socket wrenches

No, you can not unscrew the nuts without free access using this wrench. In fact, it will also be impossible to unscrew the nut with a socket wrench, which does not have free access. In general, a socket wrench is designed to unscrew nuts and bolts, and it completely covers the nut during operation. Thus, adhesion occurs on all its faces. At the socket wrench, the head can have both 6 and 12 faces, and in general, this tool has several varieties - for example, they are “T” or “L” shaped, and at the same time, the head and handle will form a single structure . In another case, the heads can be removable.

Another type of socket wrench is a tubular wrench. It is made in the form of a tube, at the end of which there is a head in the form of a hexagon, and at its other end there are 2 holes where the pin is inserted. The pin that is inserted into the key acts as a handle. Also, such a key may not have a head, but simply a hexagonal hole.

adjustable wrench

It is the key with which you can unscrew the nut or bolt without having free access to it. So, an adjustable wrench is a kind of wrench in which the gap between the horns, or “sponges”, can smoothly change depending on the size of the nut you are working with. The size of the gap between the horns is changed by rotating the wheel, which works like a worm.

Such a wrench is very good in that it can be used to completely adjust the size for tightening or unwinding the nut, so it has a certain “universality” property. However, it has significant drawbacks - so, under no circumstances should you hit this key with a hammer. Also, this wrench comes into contact with the nut or bolt only on two of its faces, so the risk of stripping the thread increases. And the last drawback is that with improper use or great effort, the “worm” of the key can disperse, slip off the nut, and also strip the thread. Therefore, when working with a wrench, you need to be extremely careful and careful.

Wrench material and dimensions

There is little to say about the size of wrenches - they are measured in millimeters, and range in size from 4 m to 12 mm. This applies to small keys. Then, there are medium-sized keys - their size is from 12 to 22 mm. And, keys of large sizes - from 22 mm and above.

Much more interesting is the section on the key material. So, almost all keys are made of high-strength carbon alloys, or, as they are also called, tool steel. The highest quality keys are made of tool steel, which were made on a milling machine and then blued (such keys are black). Also, on modern wrenches, you can see the inscription "chrome vanadium", that is, it is clear that such a wrench is made of chrome vanadium. This alloy is very strong, does not deform, and has high quality. Therefore, such keys are by no means cheap.

In the manufacture of wrenches, the process of making the horns themselves is very important, because you need to make a very accurate distance between them in order to get the right wrench size. Moreover, the horns of wrenches, as a rule, are reinforced with even more high-strength alloys, so sometimes it can happen that the horns of the wrench can be intact, and the handle can be somewhat deformed.

Well, now you know almost everything about such a tool as a wrench - about its types and materials from which it is made. This baggage of knowledge will be quite enough to choose high-quality keys in a tool store without resorting to the tips of a consultant who is often interested in selling them the necessary tool.

Wrench

A wrench is a tool for creating a large moment (pair of forces) on a nut or screw head. This contributes to either wrapping or turning away. threaded connection. The first nuts were square, but then the shape of a regular hexagon at the base was taken as the basis. This reduced the angle at which the bar (lever) of the wrench could be held while working. If for a square nut it was 90 degrees, now it is 60. Wrenches are divided into three main types.

Types of keys and geometry

Open end wrenches

The most familiar to us and, most likely, the most commonly used type of wrench. The ends of this key resemble "horns", hence the name. At the ends of these keys are two sizes, for example, 10 by 12, 13 by 15, and so on. They have a wide range of sizes: from the smallest 4mm to the largest 55mm. You can buy such keys individually or in sets of several pieces.

Open end wrenches

A rather rare key in household, it is mainly used in industry. Hence their dimensions: the smallest is 36mm, and the largest is 95mm. A very important advantage is the ability to put on the handle metal pipe, which will increase the leverage and significantly increase the tightening force.

Double ended wrenches

It differs from the open-end wrench in that the ends of these keys are made in the form of rings. This allows the key not to break and allows torsion without changing the key. The sizes at different ends of the key are different, for example 10 by 12, or 17 by 19. Sizes vary from 6mm to 55mm.

Single ended ring wrenches

Like one-sided open-end wrenches, one-sided ring wrenches are not very common in the household. Its dimensions are from 30 to 50 mm. You can increase the tightening force by putting a metal pipe on the handle.

A variation of the one-sided ring wrench is the ring impact wrench. Outwardly, it is similar to a single-sided ring wrench, but much thicker and equipped with a special platform for hitting with a hammer or sledgehammer. Such a key is used for powerful tightening, its dimensions vary from 27 to 105 mm.

combination keys

These wrenches are a combination of an open-end wrench and a ring wrench: on the one hand, it is an open-end wrench of a certain size, and on the other hand, a ring wrench of the same size. The sizes of such keys vary from 5 to 32 mm.

socket wrenches

Such keys are also called tubular. This type is familiar to any motorist - it is with this key that they unscrew and fasten the wheels. The main purpose of such a wrench is to unscrew recessed nuts or bolt heads when no other wrench can be used. They can be made simply in the form of a tube - such a key is rotated with the help of any lever threaded through a special hole at the end, or have an L-shape - it is simply rotated by hand or a pipe (to increase effort).

adjustable wrenches

This is the most common type of keys in the household. Equipped with sliding jaws, this wrench easily adjusts to the size of the nut. Adjustable wrenches are small - up to 20mm, medium - up to 30mm and large - up to 46mm.

When choosing such a key, pay attention that the sponges move easily and smoothly when moving apart and moving, and also that there is no play. Get a wrench with a rubber-coated handle - this will prevent your hand from slipping. Some adjustable wrenches are marked with digital markings, which allows you to set the wrench to required size and even measure the size of a part instead of a caliper. As a rule, adjustable wrenches have a small allowance, so if the maximum size is 19 mm, then when fully extended, you will almost certainly be able to unscrew the nut with a size of 20 mm.

Pipe wrenches

In the people they are sometimes called gas keys. These keys are universal. They can unscrew both ordinary nuts and parts that do not have special grips (couplings, pipes, etc.). The wrench expands to different diameters of the parts to be covered. Depending on the maximum diameter, the keys are divided into the following categories in the Russian classification: No. 1 (from 10 to 36 mm), No. 2 (from 20 to 50 mm), No. 3 (from 20 to 63 mm), No. 4 (from 25 to 90 mm), No. 5 (from 32 to 120 mm). In the Western classification, the keys are marked by inches: 1, 1.5, 2, 3 inches.

Pipe wrenches also differ in the shape of the sponges. Sponges can be L-shaped - well suited for unscrewing ordinary nuts and S-shaped for unscrewing round blanks.

sparkless keys

If you come across a yellow or red (copper) key, then you have a non-sparking key. Such wrenches are used in explosive industries, they do not spark when they hit metal or fall. When working with gas, it is imperative to use just such keys.

Key dimensions and material

Keys in continental Europe are numbered according to the distance between parallel faces, expressed in millimeters. In the Russian Empire, and later in the USSR, German technology mainly prevailed, and the influence of German engineers was stronger than the influence of the British. Therefore, millimeters took over inches, and German standards were taken as the basis for Soviet GOSTs. Keys can be conditionally divided into three groups: small, medium and large.

Small wrenches are designed to work with nuts up to 10-12 mm in size. Medium keys occupy a gap from 12 to 22 mm. Large keys - from 22 onwards. This division is rather conditional and depends on the equipment being assembled or repaired.

In order to prevent mechanics and electricians from interfering with the work of related specialists, which favors the prevention of accidents, a rather beautiful move was made: "mechanical" keys have even numbers, and keys for electrical connections have odd numbers.

The material for wrenches is high-strength carbon alloys, the so-called tool steel. Ideal keys are those made of tool steel on milling machines, and blued ("black" keys). Military-type firearms are also often made from such steel. The focus should be on the edges - the accuracy of their processing is crucial. Only this will make it possible to apply the greatest moment to the nut without damaging (“folding”) the shape of its faces. Such a key is worth any money, since it is an eternal key, in the literal sense, if it is protected from rusting by lubrication and storage in a dry place. Unfortunately, such keys are now rare. Cast and stamped keys that shine like silver may be beautiful, but from the point of view of an expert, they are just junk. Do not strive to purchase sets - it is expensive and not optimal. Even if the wrenches are good, select the tool strictly individually for your work.

Wrench selection

So, before you pay for wrenches, evaluate them for the work ahead of them. Previous sections should help you with this. For tight nuts, purchase only the best wrenches. If the nut is available, choose a wide wrench with powerful horns - it will not break. If the geometry of the mechanism is complex, helpful advice- make a model of the key from plasticine and evaluate it for the availability of the operation. Be a little designer and technologist. When buying, choose a wrench: 1) from the most the best varieties become; 2) with the most precise and clean cut edges and the most suitable edge height.

The main types of wrenches:

- carob (with an open mouth);
- cap (ring);
- gas;
- end;
- adjustable;
- combined;
- balloon;
— candle (for spark plugs);
- hexagonal.

Wrench sizes:

- pharynx (distance between jaws): from 3.2 (mm) to 155 (mm);
- thread size (for nuts): from M1.6 to M110;
— handle length: from 150 (mm) to 500 (mm).

Common parameters:

1. Bilateral open-end wrenches have two openings, and the sizes of the openings are in the size range next to each other, for example, an 8/10 key.
2. Ring (ring) keys can have 4, 6 or 12 internal faces.
3. Adjustable wrenches are divided into 6 main numbers.
4. Balloon wrenches are completely similar in parameters to socket wrenches, the difference lies only in the shape of the handle.
5. The second name of the gas key is pipe;
6. The wrench on one side is open-ended, on the other side it is called combined.

The size range is presented: in the table below.
Sizes of all types of keys: according to the links in the subsections.

Screw types

convertible

adjustable

tubular

Compound

Women are not allowed to know what the key is.

Men from such a tip are just a smile: they say, since childhood, we already knew what, yes, how. But in thinking more deeply on this subject, many will put their hand to the back of their head, because the types of locks are different. This category of tools actually contains many sub-categories, and not all of them are familiar with their properties.

Firstly, a wrench is a tool for a wide range of applications, including plumbing, which serves to screw or unscrew screws, couplings or walnuts in various connections.

To perform its function, it has a working head, the type and size of which depend on the scope, as well as a handle, which also includes the function of a handle.

Screw types can be divided into two subclasses: collected and single (integer).

The former have several parts that facilitate access to the spiral parts, increase its impact (for example, an additional shoulder) or reduce the workload of the worker. The second subtype is the whole subject.

Screw types

Another classification divides all keys into adjustable keys and a fixed head size. The latter include a description of the cap, end, colors and other instruments, the working part of which is monolithic and has dimensions specified by the manufacturer.

They are usually labeled in millimeters or inches.

Adjustable wrench (see photo) allows you to adjust your head size.

Now in more detail about what types of locks are most common.

It has a U-head and usually covers the screw on three sides.

The "horns" of the device (from which, by the way, the name comes from) are angled to the handle, allowing you to better control it in a small space. The disadvantage of such a tool is a small area of interaction with the matrix or bolt.

All the power is not entirely on the screwdriver, but only on the faces that touch the gun.

Desktop key size. How to choose keys: types and sizes

Because of this, their surface can be quickly removed, the thread breaks, especially if a tool with the wrong size is used.

Locks are often made in combination, that is, heads of different sizes on both sides of the handle.

This saves space in the toolbar.

folding key

It has a solid head with an internal vertical thread and in the process "leans" on a nut or screw. This format allows you to evenly distribute pressure with all aspects of the object and not remove its corners. However, this type of key cannot work anywhere, but only where there is direct access to the entire screw.

In other cases, a combined instrument is used, which has one flower and a second cap head.

socket wrench

combination version.

It has a curved handle, more often in the form of the letter "G", which allows us to get into difficult places first, and secondly, to have a stronger leverage. The most famous representative can be called a car that is used to work with bicycles.

Another key type is tubular, connection.

It is usually a piece of tube with a curved shape at one end. Typically it is a hexagon. The other end has a hole for inserting a pen. This device works in very narrow spaces where it is impossible to swing a little. The most common example of such a tool is a candlestick.

to come back to the beginning

adjustable wrench

As mentioned above, its characteristic is the ability to change the width of the coverage of the work area.

And it's really a versatile rosemary tool. It has a rather heavy head, the horn of which is fixed, while the other can change position thanks to the movable trolley with which it is connected. Flexible photo key is commonly used in Everyday life, because it replaces a small set regular colors or combined, but due to the large and relative complexity of the device is not always suitable.

Such a tool cannot support the work as closely as a normal carob stone, and furthermore, the horn's movement mechanism eventually wears out and the holding force is further reduced.

pipe wrench

The same applies to the sub-type, adjustable, but it has a lever mechanism for securing objects securely.

It is commonly used for trapping and fixing pipes, for example in plumbing.

to come back to the beginning

Complex nested keys

These are "locksmith tools" that have multiple parts to advance work and improve access to various heavy fixtures or tight spaces.

Some, such as the Tubular Wrench, may only have one lockable handle. Others consist of a movable "crack" handle, a specific size head, and a range of nozzles that allow it to cover a variety of joint configurations and sizes. Such a composite device is already a complete set of tools.

All of the aforementioned braces are the type of woman, that is, those that cover attachment with your body.

However, the tools are covered: they work with special connections, they are inserted into their grooves (splines) and therefore resemble other locksmiths - screwdrivers.

This, for example, hexagon.

to come back to the beginning

Wrenches - purpose and types

Main › Articles › Tools and equipment › Wrenches - purpose and types

Wrenches - existing types and their purpose, that's what this article will discuss.

Wrench is a tool that is essential for modern life, because quite often we are faced with fasteners such as screws, bolts, studs, nuts, etc.

It so happens that without the right tool indispensable at work. A set of wrenches is a useful thing when assembling furniture, repairing a bicycle, plumbing or car.

Wrench

In order to use the available tools without problems and competently, you need to know the purpose of each of them.

More about different types of wrenches

adjustable wrench

An important characteristic of an adjustable wrench is the ability to capture various kinds fasteners, even non-standard ones.

However, there is a minus here, namely, not high capture reliability. This is due to the occurrence of backlash when adjusting this type of wrench. Because wrench does not allow you to firmly grip the fastener and during operation it can unexpectedly break off and damage the edges. This is especially true for the hexagons of rusted nuts, since they require no small effort when unscrewing.

In order not to damage the edges of the fastener, it is necessary to use an adjustable wrench with great care, preferably without extra effort.

In addition, in this situation the best option will use other existing species wrenches that have desired shape and the size for this fastener. Using a precise tool, you can apply force when unscrewing the fastener and at the same time not be afraid for the thread of the part and getting injured, which is quite possible when working with an adjustable wrench.

wrench

Rozhkovy wrench It is a handle, on both sides of which there are two heads.

The size of the heads differs by about a couple of millimeters. The working part of the open-end wrench firmly captures the parallel edges of the nut or bolt head. In addition, using an open-end wrench, fasteners can be captured from the side. Today, a combination wrench is considered quite common, which belongs to a variety of open-end wrenches. In this case, on one side of the handle of the combination wrench there is an open-end wrench, and on the other side of a similar size a ring spanner.

Ring spanners

Such keys, thanks to the existing working surface, can tightly and simultaneously capture each face of the hexagon.

In the process of loosening or tightening fasteners, the latter are practically not at risk of damage, even if great efforts were made.

Wrench the cap can be of two types, each of them has a different handle shape - curved and straight, and as for their size, they are similar to the size of an open-end wrench.

The scope of use of such keys is limited, they are usually used when there is access to fasteners from above.

socket wrenches

They are also one of the types of wrenches.

Thanks to existing interchangeable heads this species keys today is becoming increasingly popular. Like a box wrench, a socket wrench has the ability to firmly and tightly grip all six faces of a nut or bolt at the same time. As a rule, socket wrenches are purchased complete with interchangeable sockets, handle extensions, universal joints and other accessories.

Buying any wrench or full set such instruments, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the material from which they were made.

The best choice would be a tool made of chrome vanadium steel.

The size of the mouth (holes) of the keys, the end of the keys for products with a cutout key, and the dimensions of the product key are enlarged, normal and coarse.

DIMENSIONS OF FINISHED (HOLES) KEY AND KEY
(GOST 6424-73)

Nominal dimensions S, S1, S2, S3	Boundary deviations
key size	key dimensions
which includes S	covered with S1	covered with S2	which covers S3
keys	products
normal accuracy	serious accuracy	increased accuracy	normal accuracy	serious accuracy
2,5 ; 3,0	—	—	-0040	—	—	—	+12:09 +12:03
3,2	+12:08 +0.02	—	-0048	-0,16	+12:12 +0:04
4,0; 4.5; 5,5	+12:12 +0.02
6.0 *	+0,15 +12:03
7,0	-0058	-0,20	+0,15 +12:05
8,0; (9,0)	+0,18 +12:03	-0,36
10,0	+0,19 +0:04	+0,24 +0:04
(11.0)	-0120	-0,24	-0,43	+0,18 +0:06
12,0; 13,0	+0,24 +0:04	+0:30 +0:04
14,0; (15,0); 16	+0,27 +12:05	+0,35 +12:05
17; 18	+0:30 +12:05	+0,40 +12:05	+0,18 +0:06
19; 21; 22; 24	+0,36 +0:06	+0,46 +0:06	-0140	-0,28	-0,52	+0,21 +12:07
27; 30	+0,48 +12:08	+0,58 +12:08	-0,84
32	-12:17	-0,34	-1:00	-1:00	0,25 +12:05
34; 36; 41; 46; 50	+0,60 +12:10	+0,70 +12:10
55; 60; 65; 70	+0,72 +12:12	+0,92 +12:12	-0,20	-0,40	-1:20	-1:20	+0:30 +12:10
75; 80	+0,85 +0,15	+1:15 +0,15
85; 90; 95; 100	—	-0,87	-1:40	-1:40	—
105; 110; 115; 120	+1:00 +0,20	+1:40 +0,20
130	+1:25 +0,25
135	+1:00 +0,20	-1:00	-1,60	-1,60
145; 150	+1:25 +0,25
155; 165; 170; 175; 180	—
185; 200; 210	-1:15	-1,90	-1,90
225	+1:50 +0:30

* Allowed to be used only for objects with recessed key and for keys at this depth.

How to choose keys: types and sizes

Notes:
1. Dimensions in brackets may be used for finished products.
2. Sizes 17, 19, 22 and 32mm are not preferred.

PLACE OF THE RIGHT KEY
(GOST 13682-80)

SAP
key
S, mm

E=K

SAP
key
S, mm

E=K

3,2
4
5
5,5
7
8th place
10
12th place
13
14
17
19
22
24
27

8th place
9
11
12th place
14
17
20
24
26
28
34
36
42
48
52

4
4
4
5
6
7
8th place
10
10
11
13
14
15
16
19

5
5
7
7
8th place
9
11
13
14
15
17
19
24
25
28

14
15
18
20
26
30
36
45
45
48
52
60
72
78
85

10
12th place
14
16
20
24
28
34
34
36
38
45
55
60
65

9
9
10
10
13
15
18
22
23
24
26
30
36
38
42

11
12th place
14
14
16
20
22
26
26
26
30
32
36
40
45

—
—
—
—
—
16
18
20
—
22
26
30
32
36
40

30
32
36
41
46
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95

58
62
68
80
90
95
105
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
175

20
22
24
26
30
32
36
38
42
45
48
48
52
58
58

30
32
36
40
45
48
52
55
60
65
70
75
82
88
92

98
100
110
120
140
150
160
170
185
200
210
230
250
260
280

75
80
85
90
105
110
120
130
145
160
170
190
195
200
210

48
50
55
60
68
72
80
85
92
98
105
115
125
130
135

48
52
60
63
70
75
85
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

45
48
52
60
65
70
78
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

in the GOST table up to 225 mm.

Staple size

The distance between the caves in the throat is 3-4 mm, and in other places - more. Pay attention to the risks that were originally executed according to the model. The wire can be drilled directly with a diameter of 18 mm. Find the center first. If there is no metal for the compass, use it normally. Draw a circle on cardboard with an 18mm diameter circle. Shorten the circle.

Attach it to the control risk rounding at the bottom of the throat. With a regular needle piercing the center of the jug, mark this center at the throat. Delete the circle and fix the center. Protect the workpiece in the handle and rotate the hole on the vertical drilling machine.

You can use drill to drill. But then you should use exercises with a diameter of 3-5 mm. Avoid overheating of the drill, remove it from the drilled hole together with 0 drillers and the bottom of the drill in a glass of water.

When this third risk is assumed, place caves with a drilling diameter of plus 1 mm. The drill tire, strictly perpendicular to the plane of the workpiece, should not touch the control risks. Remove the plug from the vise and position it so that the cut is a saw blade for metal blades controlled by the risks of hole drilling or hole storage. The remaining partitions between the holes are cut with a narrow chisel on a solid steel base (on wires, rails, panels, etc.).

Again in the bag, cut out the hollow with a flat file (side surfaces). Use a semi-circular file for the rounded part of the throat. Leave a top coat of 0.5 mm throughout. Before applying, you can do without a chisel, drill another hole by drilling a large diameter, remove the barrier between. In easily located holes with a diameter of 3-5 mm.

Move on from the control and third risk marking that was originally drilled.

After making the second key casting from the opposite side of the workpiece, by editing the forging or stamping size 19×22, carefully remove the remaining additive with a 0.5 mm machining.

You can check the correctness of the throat with the "on clearing" matrix. Before doing this, check the brush nut for the parallelism of the faces and the size between them.

The last procedure remains - consolidation. At home, the mushroom button on each side can be heated to gas.

In the case of a classic furnace or heated part of the fire, it is difficult to switch from light red to bright red, which appears at 800-900 ° C, for better heating of a blast furnace or the use of a special furnace. The key is taken from the bench or wire wound in advance onto the handle and vertically lowered into the water from the sponge on one side of the key. Leave and lower until the lips become dull.

Place some sponge in the air. Then dip them in water for perfect cooling. Repeat for the sponges on the opposite side of the key.

During intermediate cooling sponges in the air, they can be cleared of weight. If you know in advance that you cannot consolidate the sponges, make them more massive.

Sometimes the nut and lock on the same screw are in such a position that you need a wrench with thin lips.

Is it possible to make at least a one-sided key without a key, but if the nut needs to be unwound? Well, let's say, for the anchor that attaches the Elochka stand mixer to the washbasin. No doubt you can.

You only need to know the size between opposite faces or the length of the faces. For example, the length of the face is half the diameter of the circle that defines the curved part of the throat (Fig. 11a). Mark the markings on the steel surface as described above. Large and disposable buttons can even be cut from a gas burner plate without further metal processing.

Hold a brush to handle such a key so as not to hurt your palm.