Biological active points on the human body that are responsible for the organs. Acupuncture massage technique. Chinese acupressure - active acupuncture points on the human body Special points for massage
If you clench your hand into a fist, then the pads of your fingers will involuntarily press on a point in the center of the palm, which is responsible for good spirits. Just a few massaging movements and you will feel a surge of strength and energy.
If you want to keep warm, a heat point will help. It is located on the pad of the upper phalanx of the middle finger. Exposure to this area will allow you to quickly "spill" the heat through the body.
In addition, this point is responsible for the feeling of anxiety. By pressing on it, the excitement will “disappear” and calmness and poise will take its place.
In total, there are about 700 biologically active points on the human body. The largest number of magical places are located on the hands, feet, and auricles. Each point is responsible for the work of a particular organ. As a result of acupressure (reflexotherapy), you can relieve pain, normalize the functioning of the nervous system, stop inflammatory processes in the body and even increase resistance to viruses and infections.
According to doctors, this method of self-treatment can be used as first aid. You just need to know the correct location of the points and the pressure force. By the way, if you feel a slight pain or numbness during the massage of the "vital" point, do not be alarmed. This indicates that you are on the right track.
Dots or needles?
Some compare the method of pressure on biologically active points with acupuncture. Unlike needle treatment, acupressure does not require deep medical knowledge. It is enough to look at the picture with the points indicated and try the method on yourself. In addition, this procedure is painless and outwardly safe.
How to press on a point
The Chinese divide the degrees of action into healing points in three ways:
- for acute pain and for primary treatment, the use of a light circular massage of the point is indicated, which is carried out with the tip of the index finger of the hand. The duration of the massage is from one to five minutes;
- in chronic diseases, depending, however, on general condition of a person, it is best and more reliable to use acupressure of medium strength. Multiple massages throughout the day are recommended. Duration - up to thirty (depending on circumstances) seconds;
- strong pressure is produced mainly with the help of the thumb. However, other options are possible in special cases. When the desired point is found on the body, lightly touch the skin with the tip of the index or thumb, then begin to make circular movements with the finger, moving the skin relative to the skin or muscle tissue in a rhythm of two revolutions per second. In this case, you should pay attention to the fact that the finger always remains on one (necessary) point of the body. With symmetrical pressure on the points, you should be especially careful.
Hands
Look at your brush.
The thumb is the head and neck.
Palm - body and internal organs.
The index and middle fingers are a projection of the hand and foot.
In this case, the right hand is responsible for the right half of the body, the left - for the left.
heart point
You can normalize the heartbeat by pressing the pads of the upper phalanx of the little finger.
head point
If you have a headache, try massaging the area between your thumb and forefinger. Place the thumb on the back of the hand, the index finger on the palm (middle of the life line). To achieve a quick effect, you need to massage the point for 2-3 minutes with a certain force. If you feel pain when pressed, the point is found.
Toothache
For toothache, try rubbing the point located on the back of your hand under your index finger. Massage will temporarily relieve the pain, but will not affect the cause.
point of sexuality
Oddly enough, but this point is located on the ring finger of the right hand, on which they wear a wedding ring. The place of pressure is just below the base of the nail. A light massage of the energy point will increase attraction to the opposite sex.
Point of the genitourinary sphere
For pathologies of the urogenital area, try to activate the point located between the tubercles of the ring and middle fingers. Soreness with pressure indicates the development of the inflammatory process.
Point of well-being
To restore general well-being, rub your wrists. Here are the points responsible for the balance of forces and energy in the body. Sometimes the impact on this point is compared with a contrast shower: such an effective effect.
Cold
To get rid of a runny nose, sore throat will help massage the fingertips. Just a few times of such a massage during the day, and you will feel how the disease begins to recede.
Point of view
The middle part of the middle finger is responsible for our eyes. During the day, especially if you work at a computer, massage these places. This will help relieve eye fatigue.
Auricle
Ear massage is comparable to the rescue service: quickly and efficiently. Impact on the points will help to relax or cheer up, relieve fatigue or recover during a stressful situation.
wakeful morning point
A light massage of the ears will help you wake up faster in the morning. Add to it a warm-up of the lobes (pulling, circular motions) and you are more cheerful than ever.
T restful sleep point
Massage the lobe at its base (closer to the hard cartilage) clockwise for 3-4 minutes. Massage will allow you to calm down and relax.
Point of view
The central part of the earlobe is responsible for our eyes. Massage of this place contributes to the speedy rest and recovery after tiring work.
point of toothache
5 minutes of massage of the upper edge of the ear on the side where the tooth hurts, and the pain is gone.
Point of the heart and lungs
Finding these points is easy: inside the auricle, closer to the back of the head. Pressing the index finger on this place stimulates the work of the heart muscle and lungs. Massage is effective for arrhythmia, hypertension, bronchitis, pneumonia.
Point against smoking
Pressing on the cartilage at the bottom of the ear, just above the lobe, will help reduce mental addiction from nicotine. In addition, massage causes an aversion to tobacco smoke.
Feet
I think you have noticed how with a foot massage, you feel the relationship with certain organs. This is normal, as the feet are the conductors of our body. The largest number of biologically active points is located here. Therefore, self-massage begins in the morning, when we get out of bed, and ends when we sit down or lie down.
Ear-nose-throat point
If your feet get wet, if you have a runny nose and a sore throat, massaging the forefoot and lateral surface of the foot will warm the body and help soothe the pain.
Maxillary sinus point
Warming up the toes (except for the big toes) helps to relieve sinusitis or sinusitis. Massage is especially useful during an exacerbation of the disease.
The acupressure of acupuncture points, which we will consider, actually has a miraculous effect, and pain relief is more effective than known drugs. It does not harm the liver and kidneys, as when taking painkillers. In addition, all medicines only relieve the symptom, but do not eliminate the causes of pain. Acupressure restores the movement of qi and blood energy, removes blocks, opens the access of these substances to the muscles, which relieves their spasms.
Cheng-fu point massage.
Cheng-fu point refers to the channel of the Bladder.
The point is symmetrical and is located in the center of the lower gluteal fold.
The figure shows how to find it.
Massage effect on this point relieves pain in the lumbosacral region, in other words, in the lumbar region and coccyx, with sciatica and lumbago, with sciatic nerve neuralgia.
How to do massage?
Massage is done by pressing on the point with the thumb (although it is more convenient for me to massage these points specifically with the index finger).
Then, in a circular motion, rub the found point properly.
It is necessary to act on the point, which is located on the side where there is strong pain.
In addition to massaging the Cheng-fu point, work your finger along the line that connects this point to the Yin-men point (this is the next point in massage).
Yin-men point massage.
The Yin-men point has another name "yin gate" and also refers to the Bladder meridian.
It is located symmetrically on the back of the thigh, 4 cun below the cheng fu point.
Massaging the Yin-men point eliminates pain in the lower back and back, significantly alleviates the condition and gives a therapeutic effect in case of sciatic nerve neuralgia.
Press on the points on the left and right at the same time with two thumbs for 1-2 minutes, periodically increasing or decreasing the pressure.
Additionally click on the area along the line that goes from Cheng-fu to Wei-chung.
The Wei-chung point also belongs to the bladder meridian. It is located symmetrically on the back of the leg under the knee.
Massage of this point allows you to get rid of acute and chronic pain in the lower back, has a therapeutic effect on neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, and also helps to significantly alleviate pain in the knee joints.
Within 1-2 minutes, press on both points, on the left and on the right.
The Wei-zhong point is a unique point.
If it is regularly acted upon, then the circulation of the lymph is stimulated.
A poor outflow of lymph is often the cause of pain due to the fact that toxins are not removed by lymph, inflammation develops.
Shen-shu point massage.
The Shen-shu point also belongs to the bladder meridian.
It is located symmetrically on the back, on a line between the second and third lumbar vertebrae.
Just define this line by projecting the navel onto the back.
Massage of Shen-shu points in the lumbar region allows you to cope with back and lower back pain, lumbago, sciatica, relieve spasms of the spine and back muscles.
Massage is best performed in a sitting position.
In this case, it is performed with fists. With the backs of your fists, massage the Shen-shu points for 1 minute clockwise, then the same amount of time against.
Then warm your palms against each other and put warm palms on both sides of the lower back, on the indentations.
Take 3-5 full breaths, transferring energy, and rub your palms hard on your back from top to bottom to the tailbone.
Repeat this movement thirty-six times.
You can directly influence the points of Shen-shu by massaging them with your thumbs with slight pressure.
Important note!
Be careful when performing pressure, rotation, rubbing.
It is better to start with small efforts, gradually increasing the strength.
Do not end the massage abruptly, reduce the force of exposure gradually.
Never massage with tumors, injuries and mechanical damage, with uncertainty about the diagnosis.
Remember that back pain can be caused by diseases of the internal organs. Then you need to consult a doctor. published
Galina Apolonskaya
P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet
Acupressure
Acupressure refers to reflexology, but unlike the above types of massage, the place of its influence is acupuncture points (TA) - biologically active points (BAP), the irritation of which causes a targeted reflex reaction to a specific organ or system. Based on this, it can be considered as one of the methods of acupuncture, in which a needle prick or cauterization is replaced by a finger or brush (Fig. 37).
Rice. 37. The position of the fingers and hands when performing acupressure techniques
Mechanism of physiological action
The initial link is the mechanical impact on the acupuncture points located along the meridians and collaterals (Scheme 5). The difference between TA and surrounding tissues lies in their biophysical parameters, which include:
Relatively low electrical resistance;
Increased value of electrical potential;
High skin temperature;
Increased infrared radiation;
Absorption of oxygen.
TA is a collection of nerve elements and vascular plexuses located at different depths from the skin surface.
Scheme 5. mechanisms of physiological action of acupressure
In reflex massage, both local and distant TAs are often used: in total, about 260 corporal TAs, that is, located on the head, trunk and limbs, and more than 50 located on the auricle (auricular). Among the corporal TA are:
local(local) - located directly in the affected area or close to it;
segmental - located in the areas of segmental innervation of the spinal cord; impact on them affects certain parts of the body or internal organs that receive innervation from these segments (for example, the use of points of the collar zone is indicated for lesions of the head and upper limbs, and TA of the lumbosacral region - for diseases of the lower limbs and pelvic organs);
broad spectrum points massaged with lesions of various organs and both local and distant parts of the body; many of them have a specialized effect: TA G14 he-gu and E36 zu-san-li - analgesic, F2 xing-jian and F3 tai-chun - antispasmodic, etc.;
along the meridians(mainly in the distal parts of the limbs), which have a directed effect on certain organs and systems.
Table 6
The main points for massaging with pathological foci of various localization (according to Meng, 1981)
TA localization is determined in the corresponding areas of the body on conditional topographic lines according to certain anatomical landmarks (folds, pits, bony protrusions accessible for palpation, etc.), supplemented by dividing each area into individual segments.
The measurement of segments is made using the unit cun. There are the following types of tsuna:
Individual cun - the distance between the skin folds of the radial surface of the middle phalanx, formed with full flexion in all joints of the third finger (for women, the measurement is taken on the right hand, for men - on the left). The total width of II–V fingers is equal to three cun, II–III is one and a half cun (Fig. 38);
Proportional cun - determined by proportional division into equal parts of the distance between known landmarks. For example, it is known that the distance between the points yin-tang and nao-hu is 12 cun. Finding these points, measuring the distance between them and dividing it by 12, we get a proportional cun (Fig. 39).
All parts of the body are conditionally divided into a certain number of cuns, and, as a rule, the BAP is located on the border of the segments and often coincides with the depression on palpation (Fig. 40–42).
Finding (palpation) BAT.
The emergence of the patient's "foreseen sensations" aches, numbness, dull, non-intense, bursting pain. And sometimes shooting pain and "crawling" that spread in one or more directions.
When the massage therapist finds BAP under the fingers, a feeling of failure into an oval hole filled with soft dough-like contents with dense walls.
During palpation, one should strictly adhere to a certain line, without moving to neighboring meridians.
Rice. 38. individual cun (quoted by Dubrovsky V.N.)
Rice. 39. Projection lines and proportional segments of various parts of the body, adopted in reflexology (diagram): left- front surface of the body; on right- posterior surface of the body
Rice. 40. Lines and topography of points on the upper limbs: A- palmar surface; b- back surface
Rice. 41. Lines and topography of points of the anterior (A), rear (b) and internal (V) leg surface
Rice. 42. Lines and topography of points on the back (A), on the chest and abdomen (b)
Meridian - it is a functioning system that connects the higher nerve centers with acupuncture points and various internal organs for energy transfer, ensuring the coordinated work of all body systems. Meridians are usually indicated by conditional lines connecting the BAP. In ancient Eastern medicine, 12 paired and 2 unpaired main meridians are divided. These ideas were significantly supplemented by the discovery by the German specialist R. Voll in the 1950s of 8 more paired meridians and BAPs (Table 7).
Table 7
List of meridian names (according to R. Voll)
* Meridians discovered by R. Voll.
Meridians (channels), like all organs of the body, are divided into "YANG" and "YIN".
The meridians that connect the parenchymal organs and run along the inner side surfaces of the body are YIN meridians.
The meridians that run along the outer side surfaces of the body and connect the hollow organs are Yang meridians.
According to the peculiarities of the "route" and the nature of the internal organs, the main meridians are divided as follows.
The task of the YANG channels is to transfer energy to the YIN organs.
Yang channels correspond to energy producers: a) stomach, large and small intestines; b) gallbladder; c) the bladder; d) the channel of the "three heaters" (endocrine system).
The task of the YIN channels is to accumulate energy and preserve it.
The YIN channels correspond to organs - “treasures” (energy stores) - lungs, spleen, pancreas, liver, kidneys, heart.
ATTENTION!
All YIN channels and YANG channels are interconnected, follow each other in a certain order and form a cyclic system for each half of the body.
In accordance with the ideas about the daily rhythms of the circulation of vital energy in the body, which successively passes through all organs, each organ has its own hours of maximum and minimum activity (Table 8). In this case, the inhibitory effect on the excited organ is best carried out by acting on the points of the corresponding meridian during the hours of its maximum activity, and the stimulating effect - during the hours of minimum activity. In addition, organs that are in oppositely conjugated relationships have a calming effect on each other when one of them is stimulated during the period of maximum activity and a tonic effect when it is inhibited.
Table 8
Daily mode of meridian activity
All organs, and consequently, the meridians corresponding to them, are in a certain relationship, exerting a stimulating (creative) or inhibitory (destructive) effect on each other. Based on the philosophical ideas about the five primary elements that make up the whole world and man, in particular, and referring each organ to a specific element, these relationships were represented as follows (Fig. 43).
Rice. 43. Functional relationships between meridians (scheme). Solid lines show creative connections, dotted lines - destructive ones.
For an appropriate stimulating or inhibitory effect on the organ (meridian), it is recommended to act on the standard points of the meridians - the main (tonic and sedative) and auxiliary (accomplice point, stabilizing, sympathetic, herald point) (Table 9).
Table 9
Standard meridian points
Note. The meridian of the three parts of the body has 4 herald points: common - VC5; respiration VC17, digestion - VC12, urogenital functions - VC7.
toning point located on the main meridian and has a stimulating effect on the organs associated with it (meridians) when exposed to it by an exciting (weak) method of stimulation.
sedative point is located on the main meridian and has an inhibitory effect on the organs associated with it (meridians) when exposed to strong stimulation methods (Table 10).
Table 10
Tonic and sedative points
Helper Point It is also located on the main meridian and serves to enhance the inhibitory or tonic effect on the organs (meridians), exerted by influencing the first two points (Table 11).
Table 11
Helper points (sources)
Stabilizing (gateway) points(lo-points). These points, like a valve, regulate the transfer of energy from one meridian to another if its balance is disturbed in one of them. Lo-points are ordinary, group and general. The ordinary lo-point is located on its own meridian and regulates the functions of organs in paired channels: the heart - the small intestine; liver - gallbladder; kidneys - bladder, etc. Balancing the energy balance between the meridians is carried out either by inhibition lo- point of the excited meridian, or excitation of the lo-point of the weakened meridian (Table 12).
Table 12
Ordinary lo-points
Sympathy Point located on the "bladder meridian", on its first branch on the back, approximately at a distance equal to the thickness of two fingers, laterally from the dorsal midline. The point is stimulated in the treatment of chronic diseases, spastic conditions and convulsions (Table 13).
Table 13
Empathy Points
dot herald, or alarm point, located on the front (ventral) side of the body, most often on the meridian of its body or near it. An alarm point can be arbitrarily sensitive, and sometimes even very painful (especially in chronic diseases of an organ that is of particular importance in relation to this meridian). The appearance of spontaneous pain at the alarm point is a signal of a developing disease (Table 14).
Table 14
Alarm points
In some cases, points of inflow and outflow (Jing) and the point of "accumulation" are used (Tables 15 and 16).
Table 15
Points of inflow and outflow (Jing)
Table 16
Points of "accumulation"
When choosing an AT, it is necessary to take into account the multi-segment nature of the innervation of organs, as well as the fact that individual parts of the same organ can be innervated by nerves of different segmental affiliation (Table 17).
Table 17
Innervation of some internal organs and acupuncture points recommended for their pathology
The basic techniques of acupressure
? Stroking- circular plane movements: a) continuous movements (braking technique); b) energetic intermittent movements (stimulating technique). It is carried out with the fingertips, the edge of the palm, the supporting part, depending on the location of the points and the area of \u200b\u200bthe painful area. The direction of movement is circular (counterclockwise) or arcuate (in different directions. Reception refers to the braking effect if the pressure is applied with sufficient force (stroking gradually turns into friction): when stroking with light pressure, at which the intended sensations are almost not expressed - reception refers to the stimulating effect.
? Linear stroke perform with the pad of the first finger, the crest and the back surface of the nail phalanx (reverse stroke) or in one direction with the pad, in the other - with the back surface of the nail phalanx, with the pads of several fingers in different directions. This is a stimulating method.
? intermittent pressure carried out with pads of I or several fingers perpendicular to the massaged surface. You can use the crest of the third finger, elbow, palm with weights. The pressure should be strong (until a feeling of pronounced warmth appears). Reception refers to the braking effect (Fig. 44).
? pinching. The massage therapist grabs the crease in the TA area with one or two fingers and applies strong pressure (until severe hyperemia appears). Reception refers to the braking effect (Fig. 45).
? Rotation perform with fingers, palm, palm edge with a frequency of 50-60 movements per minute and with a depth of penetration into the tissue up to the muscles. Stimulating method - the impact is made with light pressure.
Rice. 44. Intermittent pressure: A) thumb and b) one finger over the other
Rice. 45. Pinching technique performed with two fingers
? tapping or patting is carried out with the edge of the palm, fist, fingers gathered into a pinch or with the back of the fingers and hand (the blow is applied with the back surface of the metacarpophalangeal joints). This is a stimulating move.
? Vibration, performed with one or more fingers (nail phalanges), palm. The effort is short and strong, the pressure is combined with vibration and is performed perpendicular to the massaged surface. This is a brake method.
? Stretching and rotation. Used to massage the joints. The masseur with one hand fixes the proximal segment of the limb (above the joint), with the other hand they bend the limb in this joint, causing tension in the periarticular tissues (passive movements) (Fig. 46).
Oriental acupressure manuals distinguish, in addition to the above techniques, three main techniques - rotation, vibration and pressure.
Rice. 46. Pull and rotate method
Rotation is carried out with the pads of the I-III fingers or the lateral surface of the I finger, the back surface of the middle phalanges. The reception has three phases:
screwing- circular movements of the fingers or other massaging surface should not be accompanied by sliding over the skin; pressure force should increase gradually;
fixation- at the reached depth, the rotational movements of the finger stop. At the same depth and with the same pressure, the finger is left (for 7–12 s);
unscrewing- slow return of the finger or other massaging surface to its original position (pressure force gradually decreases).
ATTENTION!
At the end of the reception, the finger is not taken away from the skin - the massage therapist must immediately begin the 1st phase of the next cycle.
The pressure is the pad of the first finger; the reception can also be performed with weights - the distal phalanx of the first finger of the other hand is superimposed on the massaging finger crosswise. The force of pressure depending on the technique may be different. Possibility of use of tools with spherical tips is allowed.
Vibration is carried out by oscillatory movements on the surface of the TA or on a larger surface with the pads of one or more fingers, elevation of the first finger, palm. It is carried out: continuous vibration (without tearing off the finger from the tissues) and intermittent vibration - the massage therapist's hand after each movement comes off the massaged surface, and the movements are performed in the form of successive pushes (Kondrashov A. V. et al., 1999).
During the massage necessary:
Influence symmetrically located points. For example, in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the Zu-san-li points on both limbs are combined;
Combined to influence the points of the upper and lower extremities. For example, a violation of the function of the stomach and intestines (points He-gu + Zu-san-li);
Influence the points of the front and back surface of the body. For example, in the treatment of osteochondrosis of the spine - Huan + Zu-san-li;
Combined impact on the points of the inner and outer surfaces of the limb. For example, points of the hand (Nei-guan + Wai-guan) or (Qui-chi + Shao-hai) to improve the therapeutic effect in paresis of the upper limb;
Determine the points located directly at the site of pain or violation of the organ. For example, in osteochondrosis of the spine, the Chshi-bian, Da-chang-shu, Bilyao points are affected;
During the full moon, massage using a sedative technique; during the new moon - according to the tonic method; after sunset - by a sedative method.
In the process of treatment, acupressure is carried out:
a) with inhibitory effect - daily; with stimulating - in 1-2 days;
b) at the first procedure, massage 3–4 TA, then their number is increased to 6–12 (with inhibitory effect) or 4–8 (with stimulating effect);
c) with a combination of acupressure and therapeutic massage, a smaller amount of massaged TA.
The course of treatment consists of 10–15 procedures for pain syndromes and stimulating effects and 15–20 procedures for inhibitory effects.
Indications for massage treatments. Massage is indicated for both adults and children older than 1 year.
Contraindications for the purpose of massage: malignant and benign neoplasms of any localization, acute febrile illnesses, active form of tuberculosis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (complications and tendency to bleeding), cachexia, damage to internal organs with severe disorders of their function, blood diseases, acute mental state excitement, pregnancy.
Periosteal massage
Periosteal massage is a type of acupressure and is performed on bone surfaces. The method was developed in 1928 by Volgler.
The effect of periosteal massage on the body:
Local increase in blood circulation;
Cell regeneration, especially periosteal tissues;
analgesic effect;
Reflex effect on organs connected by nerve pathways with the massaged surface of the periosteum;
Increasing the efficiency of cardiac activity;
Improved respiratory excursions;
Normalization of tone and excitation of peristaltic movements of the stomach.
Periosteal massage is characterized by a local effect on the periosteum, the ability to approach hard-to-reach layers of tissues that cannot be worked out with therapeutic or connective tissue massage, an intense and prolonged reflex effect on internal organs.
Massage technique. The position of the patient - lying on his back, on his stomach, on his side or sitting.
For better contact with the bone surface, it is necessary to move the soft tissues and, first of all, the muscles in the area of the treatment point (TP). Massage is carried out with the tips or phalanx of the finger, carefully selecting the intensity of pressure in accordance with the individual characteristics of the patient (Fig. 47).
ATTENTION!
The strong irritant effect of periosteal massage is painful, but the patient should never experience discomfort.
By increasing the pressure with a finger, even a slight resistance of the tissue is determined, the massage therapist then makes circular movements in the LT zone with a finger. The diameter of the circle should not exceed 5 mm. Finger pressure is gradually reduced, but contact with the skin is not interrupted.
Rice. 47. Hand positions during periosteal massage
ATTENTION!
Small circular movements should not be boring.
Indications for a massage appointment. Massage is indicated for patients who, during a clinical examination, have distinct reflex or pain zones on the periosteum.
Contraindications for a massage appointment:
Tissue soreness;
Tumor process;
Severe osteomalacia;
Traumatic injuries of the musculoskeletal system (ODA), requiring rest.
The clinical signs of intolerance to this type of massage are primarily unpleasant sensations of pain and the onset of pronounced vegetative reactions, especially of the vasomotor type.
Choice of periosteal massage area:
Head (for headaches): spine of the scapulae, spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae, occipital bone, mastoid processes, zygomatic arch, forehead area between the eyebrows above the root of the nose.
Heart: I-VI ribs on the left, especially the anterior sections, sternum.
Gallbladder and bile ducts: right costal arch and sternum, including the xiphoid process, paravertebral sections of the ribs at the level of the middle of the shoulder blades.
Stomach and duodenum: costal arches on both sides, lower half of the sternum.
Pelvic organs: iliac crest, sacrum, IV and V lumbar vertebrae.
Spine: massage is carried out mainly over the transverse processes (in all segments) in the direction - from the head to the sacrum.
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Acupressure Born in the 20th century. acupressure (shiatsu) is a kind of modern interpretation of the amma massage, traditional for Japan, which has been practiced for centuries in the framework of oriental medicine. The wide popularity of this method in the East (and recently
Acupressure Born in the 20th century, acupressure (shiatsu) is a kind of modern interpretation of the traditional Japanese amma massage, which has been practiced for centuries within the framework of oriental medicine. The popularity of this method in the East (and more recently in
Acupressure is an ancient oriental method of treatment. It originated, apparently, in the territory of modern China, Korea, Mongolia and Japan. It is based on the same principles as in segmental massage: treatment should be complex (a disease of an organ is a disease of the whole organism); treatment should be unhurried, thorough; Finally, it must be individual. But if segmental massage is based on a schematic division of the human body into segments, then acupressure appeared after the discovery of certain points on the body that are closely related to the internal organs and systems of a person.
Acupressure also has much in common with acupuncture, since both the impact of a needle and finger pressure on certain points restore impaired functions and improve the patient's condition.
The points involved in acupressure are called "vital points" or - in modern science - "biologically active points" (BAP). Studies have shown that these points have specific features. Firstly, they have low electrical skin resistance, secondly, high electrical potential, thirdly, high skin temperature, as well as high pain sensitivity, increased oxygen uptake and high level metabolic processes.
The basic rules of acupressure are associated with the ancient ideas about "vital energy" - "chi", according to which "chi" moves along a certain trajectory along invisible meridian channels and provides each organ with "nutrition". Life energy moves from one channel to another, in total there are 12 paired and 2 unpaired channels. Under normal circumstances, when each channel receives a certain amount of vital energy, a person is healthy. As a result of a violation of the “tides” of vital energy, an excess of energy is observed in one part of the body, and a deficiency in another. In this case, any disease develops.
From a scientific point of view, this theory does not have sufficient justification, but it echoes the ancient Eastern ideas about the division of nature into two parts: “yin” (negative) and “yang” (positive). Day is yang, night is yin; the sun is yang, the moon is yin.
Yin is the maternal principle, which is characteristic of everything cold, wet, dark, secretive, passive, changeable. It carries a negative charge. Yang is the paternal principle, which, on the contrary, is inherent in everything warm, dry, bright, explicit, initiative, constant. The paternal principle carries a positive charge. And since in the body of each person there is both maternal and paternal principles, then a person is a combination of yin-yang, and all processes occurring inside the body can be both positive and negative.
Eastern medicine has long sought to bring the "yin" and "yang" to harmony. According to the ideas of ancient Eastern physicians, the five primary elements of the earth have correspondences with pregnancy, increased oxygen absorption and a high level of metabolic processes.
Pressing on the "vital points" causes a feeling of aches, numbness, even pain, which is absent when pressing on other areas of the skin. Studies have shown that these sensations are constant, so they serve as a criterion for the correctness of finding such points.
Acupressure has a positive effect on the functions of various organs and systems: it calms or stimulates the nervous system, increases blood circulation, improves tissue nutrition, regulates the activity of endocrine glands, relieves pain, reduces muscle tension.
The widespread use of acupressure is largely due to its simplicity, a small area of influence. Acupressure is also good because it can be used as first aid, as well as together with medical therapy.
Why does this or that disease occur? The disease occurs because the flow of "vital energy" is disrupted. And you can restore the normal flow of this energy if you act on the points located along the meridian channels.
The total number of "vital points" is 365. Their location does not depend on where the diseased organ is located. In other words, in order to relieve pain in the heart, it is not necessary to act on the region of the heart - biological points are located, for example, on the foot. Moreover, there are points on the foot that affect many other organs and are used for various diseases. Often, to eliminate pain on the right side, you have to massage the points located on the left, and vice versa.
Theoretical foundations of acupressure
Acupressure is a mechanical effect of fingers or devices on strictly defined areas of the body.
Acupressure is a type of traditional Chinese medicine - zhen-jiu therapy, called acupuncture (acupuncture) in most countries. The term "acupuncture" comes from the Latin words "acus" (needle) and "punctura" (prick, point). In China, acupuncture is called "zhen" and moxibustion "jiu". These two types of treatment are almost always combined, the method is considered as a single one and is called zhen-jiu therapy. The basis of acupuncture and acupressure, or finger zhen, is the teaching of acupuncture points (TA) on the surface of the body, the total number of which, according to recent data, is more than 1500. Of these, 695 are called classical, that is, enjoying full recognition. However, approximately 100-150 points of influence are used in practice.
On average, the diameter of the classical dot is 0.2–5 mm. There are no special cellular structures in TA. According to the latest biology, more loose connective tissue gravitates to the points, the fibers of which are arranged in the form of a grid (G. D. Novinsky); they have a little more bodies and flasks that act as receptors (G. Kelner); there are small groups of mast cells that affect metabolism due to the release of active substances (F. G. Portnov). The impact points have their own signs: they absorb oxygen more and more infrared radiation is registered, they are more sensitive to pressure and have their own electrical status. Indicators of electrical individuality in TA are manifested by a lower electrical resistance of the skin (J. Ni-boye), an increasing value of the electrical potential, especially in cases of illness (AK Podshibyakin).
The boundaries of active points are vague. In a sleeping person, the diameter of the dot decreases to 1 mm, after rest it reaches 1 cm, and in case of illness it increases to several centimeters.
The theoretical substantiation of zhen-jiu therapy is the "jin-lo" theory, or the meridian theory of the body's physiology. Jin-lo is a system of invisible channels (meridians) connecting acupuncture points with similar (when exposed to them) healing effects and reactions. There are many channels: 14 main - 12 paired and 2 unpaired, 15 secondary and 8 miraculous channels, bypasses connecting the points assigned to the main channels. Despite such an abundance of channels, a considerable number of TAs (281) are not covered by them. The main channels are called (from the standpoint of Chinese medicine) internal organs. The lungs, the liver, etc. have their own channel. The shortest channels - the heart and pericardium - have 9 points each, the longest channel is the bladder: it has 67 points of influence and it covers the entire head, neck, back and descends to the fifth toe. Through these meridians in the human body, the vital energy "CHI" (or "Qi") circulates, the philosophical interpretation of which is difficult even from modern scientific positions. According to one of the leading Russian experts V. G. Vogralik (1961), CHI is an integral function of the entire activity of the organism, its energy, vitality tone. Each organ and system has CHI as an expression of exchange and function at a particular moment. The resultant of all these CHI is the CHI of the body.
According to the theory adopted in oriental medicine, vital energy enters the body through acupuncture points with food, from environment and circulates throughout the body, passing successively all the organs and making a complete circuit during the day. This position on the circulation of energy is consistent with research on biological rhythms, which are increasingly recognized in modern medicine and biology.
The form of manifestation of vital energy is the interaction and struggle of two opposites, or "polar forces" - YANG (positive force) and YIN (negative force). On the principle of YANG-YIN, the founders of Oriental medicine base the relationship of organs with each other and their connection with the integument of the body. Illness is considered as an imbalance in the normal distribution of energy between YANG and YIN. If the symptoms indicate a "lack of energy", then the organ is in a state of YIN, and it needs to be toned. If there are signs of "excess energy" corresponding to the state of Yang, the latter should be reduced (dissipated). This change in the distribution of energy is achieved by influencing the acupuncture points (see Appendix, Table 3).
From the point of view of modern knowledge, the idea of channels, vital energy, proposed since ancient times in the East, looks naive and archaic. But the positive effects of the healing method force scientists of all countries to study the constructions of Chinese natural philosophy.
Depending on the tasks of acupressure, a targeted effect on the TA of certain zones is applied:
1) to influence the central nervous system, they act on points of a general or broad spectrum of action;
2) to influence the cervical vegetative apparatus, use the points of the collar zone (C V 1 II — T);
3) so-called segmental points are used to influence the function of internal organs;
4) to influence the radicular syndrome and peripheral nerves, acupressure is carried out at regional points along paravertebral lines;
5) to influence the joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, mainly local points are used.
In addition, a number of meridian points have certain functions and are called standard. There are six of them on each meridian:
1) tonic point;
2) inhibitory (sedative) point - serves to enhance the inhibitory process;
3) point - "accomplice" - is used to enhance the excitatory or inhibitory action;
4) a stabilizing point is a point of energy transition from one body system (meridian) to another (LO-point);
5) sympathetic, or point of agreement - is outside the meridian and is also used to enhance the impact on the first two points;
6) herald, or point of alarm, has a diagnostic value.
The tonic and inhibitory points of the meridian are processed, respectively, by inhibitory or stimulating methods of influence, a description of which will be given below.
Thus, acupressure is a method of reflexology, the area of impact of which are acupuncture points; method of influence - massage. The founder of acupressure is E. D. Tyko-chinskaya (1969), who first developed and implemented this method for the treatment of patients with movement disorders. In sports practice, acupressure has been used by us since 1975, and already in 1977, at the Republican Scientific Conference in Minsk, results were reported confirming the expediency of using this method to influence muscle tone (V. I. Vasichkin, G. N Vygodin, A. M. Tyurin).
General about acupressure
Massage as a healing and rejuvenating remedy has been known since ancient times. One of the first references to massage is found in Chinese manuscripts dating back to the 9th century. The great Greek physician Hippocrates wrote: "Massage can bind a joint that is too loose and soften a joint that is too tight."
Like acupuncture and moxibustion, massage can be considered the oldest creative discovery of Chinese medicine. The difference between these methods is essentially only various ways impact on biologically active points human body. So, in acupuncture, various needles made of metal alloys are used. In ancient times, sharp edges of stones, fragments of porcelain, bamboo needles were used as annoying objects, and only later, with the appearance in the 6th century. BC metal, began to make iron, silver and gold needles. Currently, acupuncture is carried out by means of the thinnest metal round needles, which are introduced depending on the place of application of irritation to different depths. The tip of the needle is somewhat blunted so as not to injure the tissue, not to violate its integrity and not to cause pain. However, the methods of administration and the acupuncture technique itself are available only to specialist doctors who have completed the appropriate training course.
Cauterization is carried out with a red-hot metal stick, applying pieces of garlic to certain areas of the skin. However, wormwood cigars are the most widely used. For their manufacture, dried wormwood is crushed and cigars are made from it with a diameter of 1 to 20-30 mm. Sometimes medicinal substances are added to wormwood: dry ginger, garlic, etc. In ancient China, it was believed that the key to success when using cauterization is the formation of blisters, in the absence of which the effect does not occur. However, the lack of sterile conditions during these procedures led to the appearance of purulent complications in the area of burns. The safer and more painless use of acupuncture and acupressure has led to the fact that the method of cauterization is now practically not used.
As a special method of acupressure, used under certain conditions instead of acupuncture and cauterization, pressure is applied with a finger or the tip of a nail on the skin in the area where the biologically active point is located. This method is known in the East under the name of "finger zhen", in Western countries - as a method of pressing, and in our country - as a method of finger point pressure. This method is especially indicated as a self-massage for children and adults who are afraid of injections.
The mechanism of action of massage is the same as that of all the above methods (acupuncture, cauterization) of reflex therapy. It is based primarily on irritation of the mechanoreceptors of the skin (nerve endings that perceive mechanical irritation), subcutaneous tissue, muscle fibers, and nerve plexuses around the vessels.
Depending on the destination, allocate different kinds acupressure - hygienic, cosmetic, therapeutic, restorative, etc. The use of acupressure is indicated as a self-massage for various diseases, as well as a means to relieve physical fatigue.
The effectiveness of the massage depends on the correct choice and definition of the point and on the massaging technique.
Before you start acupressure, you need to learn how to locate biologically active points. For this purpose, two methods are used that complement each other. The first method is to determine the location of points according to anatomical landmarks (for example, ear, eye, spine, nail, various skin folds, etc.). Another method that allows you to determine biological points is the use of cun. According to the ancient Chinese method, the whole human body is divided into puni. Cun is not a specific distance, but a value that is individual for each person, depending on the height of a person, his fullness, physique, etc. In modern clinical practice, the finger cun is the basis for finding points. To determine the length of one cun, it is necessary to bend the middle finger so that, closing with the thumb, it forms a ring. The distance between the skin folds of the second phalanx of the middle finger and will be equal to 1 cun. The width of your thumb, measured slightly below the nail fold, is also 1 cun.
It should be noted that the second method is not suitable for people with deformed altered joints. Thus, by measuring your individual cun, you can get a universal, personal unit of measurement, with which you can find the biologically active points of the body. To facilitate the task, it is advisable to take a white ribbon or a narrow ribbon and put on it up to 15 divisions (each equal to 1 cun). It is advisable to determine cun in men on the left hand, and in women on the right.
Armed with knowledge about the individual tsun, you need to get acquainted with the techniques of acupressure. For a non-specialist, the most accessible and easily digestible are the three main methods of acupressure: light touch, stroking, light and deep finger pressure.
Finger pressure during acupressure should always be strictly vertical, without displacement. The movement of the finger can be rotational or vibrating, but it must be non-stop. The stronger the impact on the point, the shorter it should be. One of the main techniques of acupressure is thumb pressure. Many modern authors believe that the impact should be made with the thumb pad, however, other experts recommend that pressure be applied to the joint between the first and second phalanges of the thumb. In their opinion, with this method it is easier to regulate the force of impact, besides, the finger is less tired. However, regardless of the method of exposure, in all cases, pressure with the fingertip should be excluded, as this can lead to skin injury, the appearance of microabrasions and the development of infectious complications. It should be noted that there is a special technique that is used in acupressure and is called “finger-needle”, when the effect is carried out precisely with the tip of the finger.
There are several methods of thumb pressure.
1. Normal pressure. This method consists in one constant pressure on the point for 3-5 seconds, then the pressure is gradually stopped.
2. Repetitive pressure. The essence of the method is that pressure is carried out in several stages. First, pressure is applied to the point for 5-6 seconds, then, without removing the finger, the pressure is stopped and resumed again, repeating this procedure 3-4 times.
3. Pressing with two thumbs at the same time. With this method, the thumbs touch either the outer edges or the nail ends.
4. Pressing with overlapping thumbs. When using this method, the thumbs are not next to each other, as described in the previous case, but one on top of the other, and pressure is applied simultaneously with two fingers. This technique is used when massaging points located in those parts of the body where there is a large muscle mass.
When massaging different areas of the body, it is advisable to use different techniques for massaging points. So, when exposed to the back of the nose, supra- and infraorbital regions, it is convenient to apply pressure with the pads of two or three fingers at once. When massaging the back, the effect of the palm or its edge can be used, however, such an effect is not on a point, but on the entire reflex zone. In some cases, it is possible to apply the technique of capturing the skin over the area of the point with three fingers like a pinch.
Using the finger-needle method requires certain skills in its application. The end of the thumb or middle finger is set strictly vertically above the active point and “sticking” is carried out, which is carried out until an expanding feeling of an ache of heaviness appears in the “needle finger”. Usually pressing lasts 4-5 s. Three-finger piercing is also used - with the thumb, index and middle fingers.
When conducting acupressure, in addition to the correct technique, the tactics of its use are of paramount importance. Acupressure is advisable to carry out no longer than 10 minutes. Foot zones can be massaged several (3-4) times a day. For a therapeutic effect, it is usually enough to hold a few clicks on the points for several seconds. In acute pain (headache, toothache, etc.), exposure can be continued for 1-2 minutes. It is extremely important to observe the most important principle of medicine “do no harm”. When conducting acupressure, a person should not experience any unpleasant, and even more so pain. If during the massage there is a heartbeat, sweating, a feeling of heat or nausea, the effect must be stopped.
The most effective use of acupressure is for preventive purposes: to relieve feelings of fatigue, anxiety, excessive stress, etc. It is possible to successfully treat functional diseases of internal organs with acupressure: neurocirculatory dystonia or heart neurosis, initial manifestations of hypertension, functional indigestion, etc. Less effective use of acupressure in the treatment of organic diseases.
There are also a number of conditions and diseases in which acupressure is contraindicated.
These include tumors of any localization, acute diseases accompanied by high fever, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, blood diseases (leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis), pregnancy, conditions associated with a severe disorder of the functions of internal organs (heart failure, stroke, heart attack, severe disorders heart rate, etc.), as well as active forms of tuberculosis and varicose veins of the lower extremities. It is absolutely unacceptable to massage inflamed joints. In any case, when you are going to start treating a disease with acupressure, you need to consult a doctor. It should be remembered that there is no single remedy for all diseases and acupressure can be used in a complex of therapeutic measures. It can complement ongoing drug therapy or physiotherapy.
After a massage session, it is advisable to lie down a little, relax.
Finding points
In order to correctly find the location of certain points, first of all, it is necessary to determine the individual "cun". "Cun" - proportional segments, the size of which depends on the distance between the ends of the folds of the bent middle finger (Fig.).
This distance is different for each person, for a woman it is determined on the right hand, for a man - on the left.
So, to determine where a certain point is, you need to divide all parts of the body into several cun. The following rules will also help you find a particular point:
1. The point is, as a rule, on the border of these segments.
2. Most often, it coincides with a recess that can be felt with a finger.
To correctly locate a particular point, you can also use the following landmarks (Fig.).
Landmarks for finding points: 1 - anterior median line; 2 - zygomatic arch; 3 - auricle; 4 - tragus; 5 - clavicle; 6 - supraclavicular fossa; 7 - subclavian fossa; 8 - styloid process of the radius; 10 - back of the hand; 11 - front surface of the thigh; 12 - anterior surface of the lower leg; 13 - inner ankle; 14 - rear of the foot; 15 - base of the I metatarsal bone; 16 - head of the I metatarsal bone; 17 - arch of the foot; 18 - posterior median line; 19 - supraspinous fossa of the scapula; 20 - scapula; 21 - wrist; 22 - back of the thigh; 23 — a back surface of a shin; 24 - outer ankle; 25 - calcaneal tendon
The most important thing when locating points is accuracy. Only in the case of an accurate determination of the point can the desired effect be achieved. If you act on neighboring points, you can harm the body.
Another important condition for acupressure is the systematic impact on a certain set of points. It is important here both the systematic impact, and the fact that it is necessary to massage the entire complex of points, and not just one point. Only under all these conditions can the greatest effect be achieved.
Technique and methods of acupressure
Before you start, you should learn the basic rules. First, before starting a massage, you need to undergo an examination and establish a diagnosis.
Secondly, work only with warm hands. Thirdly, press with such force that the pressure is clearly felt, but at the same time it does not hurt.
The process of influence on BAP should not be long - it is enough to spend 10 minutes for the entire session, but it should be carried out regularly. Massage should be done in a calm mood, you need to relax and tune in to success.
The massage procedure itself is carried out as follows.
1. Put the pads of the index and (or) middle fingers on the desired acupressure points, which in most cases are located symmetrically. often in small depressions.
2. Carefully feel for the “vital” points with your fingertips, press them with your fingertips and slowly increase the pressure.
3. The pressure should not be rough and sharp, should not leave bruises. The finger should be applied carefully, perpendicular to the surface of the skin and strictly at the indicated point.
4. The average duration of pressure should be between 10 and 30 seconds.
5. Pressing should be stopped as soon as there is a feeling that the body no longer perceives irritation.
6. One point can be pressed sequentially 3-5 times, but after each pressing it is advisable to make a short pause.
7. When self-massage, do not press on a large number of points. You need to watch the reactions of your body.
8. By choosing BAPs that affect the disease, you can determine the sequence of pressing them yourself. In this case, you need to focus on the needs and reaction of your body. At the same time, the positive effect of the procedure manifests itself in different ways: for some, the effect is noticeable immediately, for others - only after a few sessions.
The main techniques of acupressure include rotation ("zhu"), vibration ("tseng") and pressure ("qia").
Reception of rotation performed mainly by the palmar surface of the terminal phalanx II, III or the first fingers of the hand (finger pads), less often the back of the middle phalanges, the terminal phalanx of the first finger, the base of the palm and the fist. Rotation occupies a large place in almost any type of massage, and symmetrical points are processed simultaneously with two hands. Therefore, in order to correctly rotate with both hands, it is necessary to master this technique separately with the right and left hands.
The reception of rotation can be divided into three phases.
1. "Screwing" - the imposition of a fingertip or other massaging area of the hand on the acupuncture point and then penetration by smooth, slow rotational movements into the body tissues (skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles) to different depths depending on the location of the point. Slow circular movements are performed without sliding on the skin, but always with an increase in pressure.
There is evidence in the literature that the shift in potassium-calcium balance occurring in the tissues affects the neuro-reflex mechanism (V. Natsuk, VS Goydenko). If you massage, that is, perform circular movements in a converging spiral, potassium ions will begin to collect from the surrounding tissues towards the center, which will give an exciting effect. When performing circular movements along an unfolding spiral, the same ions, as more mobile ones, will scatter, leaving inactive calcium ions in the TA, which will give an inhibitory effect. This opinion is difficult to argue scientifically, but practice confirms it.
2. Termination of rotational movements and retention of the finger at a depth with pressure.
3. "Unscrewing" - the return of the finger to its original position. In the third phase, slow circular movements
are also performed without sliding on the skin, but with a decrease in pressure force. At the end of the phase, the finger does not leave the massaged area, and the first phase of a new reception cycle begins immediately, etc.
The frequency of rotational movements is on average equal to one per second.
At the depth of pressure, the so-called intended sensations in the form of bursting, numbness and soreness should occur. The number of rotations, the degree of pressure, the time the finger is held at a depth with pressure depend on the goals of the massage. The direction of rotational movements can be different, although the works of Japanese authors indicate that clockwise rotation of the massaging finger has a tonic effect, counterclockwise - a sedative effect.
When performing a rotation reception, there are errors: rough, painful rotations with a tense brush, causing discomfort and pain; movements on the skin, and not with the skin, which reduces the effect of the reception; injury to the skin with a nail; uneven pace of rotational movements; constant (small or large) force of pressure on the tissues in the first and third phases of the reception, which is unpleasant for the person being massaged and quickly tires the massage therapist.
Vibration reception consists in the application of oscillatory-tremulous movements to a point or painful areas of the body, produced by the pads of one or more fingers, the palm, the elevation of the first finger, or all fingers clenched into a fist. Fingers are usually placed perpendicular or at an acute angle to the acupuncture points. On painful areas of the body, vibration is performed with the palm, fist, or elevation of the First Finger. In all cases, the massaging surface should fit snugly against the massaged area, and oscillatory-tremulous movements are directed into the depths of the tissues.
The force of pressure on the tissue can be constant or variable, then increase, then decrease. Therefore, the intended sensations can be different - from feelings of fullness to pain with irradiation.
Vibration is performed stably, that is, in one place, or labile - along the meridian or the entire painful area of the body (see "Linear massage"). In addition, the vibration may be intermittent. In this case, the massage therapist's hand, in contact with the massaged surface of the body, each time breaks away from it, as a result of which the technique takes on the character of separate oscillatory-tremulous shocks following one after another.
The amplitude of vibrations should be minimal, and the frequency should be maximum, on average 160-200 vibrations per minute.
Vibration reception can be combined simultaneously with rotational movements, mainly in the delay phase at depth with pressure.
Vibration is a tedious technique for manual execution, and therefore special devices can be used to transmit vibration to the massaged area at different frequencies.
Most common mistakes when performing vibration reception: large amplitude and non-maximum rate of oscillatory movements; injury to the skin with a fingernail.
pressure reception it is mainly carried out with the help of the first finger, and you need to press on the point with the second phalanx from the shoulder, arching the finger, with the arm straightened (Fig. 76). If it is necessary to press on a point with greater force, it is necessary to place the fingers crosswise so that the force of both fingers passes along the same line, but the lower finger would be more rounded. In addition to pressing with the 1st finger, the following varieties are used in acupressure: the second phalanges of the 2nd-4th fingers, the elevation of the 1st finger, the rib or base of the palm, with the burden of the 1st finger with the ulnar edge of the hand.
Direction of effort when performing pressure reception.
Fluoroplastic tip (1) with handle (2).
The pressure on the tissue can be constant or variable, then increase, then decrease. The force of pressure is different - from weak to strong, so the sensations envisaged are also different - from the appearance of a feeling of warmth and the appearance of redness to numbness.
Reception is laborious for a massage therapist, and in this regard, in acupressure, spherical tips with a diameter of 1 to 20 mm, made of plexiglass, hardwood (oak, boxwood), duralumin, ebonite, fluoroplast, can be used. The upper figure shows a fluoroplastic tip with a handle, which we use on large muscles (rational proposal No. 51020 dated 06/05/86).
Main mistakes when performing pressure reception: pressing with the first phalanx of the finger, which can lead to injury.
Three methods of acupressure are used: strong, medium and weak.
Strong- inhibitory, analgesic and relaxing (decrease in muscle tone) effect. Pressure is allowed with the force necessary to penetrate through all tissues to the skeletal system and reaching in intensity up to the pain threshold and irradiation. Rotational movements, vibration and pressure are performed periodically, that is, 20-30 s with increasing force and 5-10 s with decreasing pressure on the point. The total exposure time for each point is 5 minutes or more. As guidelines for dosage, you can use the appearance of a vasomotor reaction in the form of the disappearance of a pale spot after the cessation of pressure or the onset of muscle relaxation, clearly felt by a massaging finger.
In sports practice, a strong, inhibitory version of acupressure is mainly used for myogelosis, a distinct muscle hypertonicity.
Average method - a brake option that has a relaxing effect. The pressure is applied with a force penetrating to the muscles, until the intended sensations in the form of bursting, numbness and aches are obtained. The frequency of movements is small, 10-12 s with increasing effort and 3-5 s with decreasing pressure on the point. The total exposure time is 2-3 minutes for each point. The dosage criterion can be a vasomotor reaction in the form of a noticeable reddening of the skin at the massage sites.
It is widely used in all conditions and diseases associated with increased muscle tone.
Weak- an exciting option that has a stimulating effect in the hypotonic state of the muscles. To achieve a stimulating effect, the finger, rotating, vibrating or pressing, goes deep into the skin and subcutaneous tissue for 4-5 seconds, after which it comes off the skin for 1-2 seconds. The duration of exposure at each point is on average 1 min. It is used mainly in medical practice in combination with complexes of physiotherapy exercises.
With deep pressure in the area of \u200b\u200bthe point under the finger, a small hole should form.
Applying this or that technique, you should carefully act on the point, perpendicular to the surface of the skin. Stroking and pressure should not break the skin, cause sharp pain.
Stroking should be continuous, and the movement of the fingers should be horizontal-rotating clockwise or vibrating. Vibration or rotation must be done at a certain pace (slowing down or accelerating). Rotation can be combined with slight pressure. Strong pressure should be short-lived. Usually pressure is applied with the pad of the thumb or middle finger, sometimes with the help of other fingers. Depending on the duration and intensity of exposure, there is a tonic or calming effect. From this follow two main methods of acupressure: tonic and soothing.
The tonic method is characterized by short strong pressures and the same quick removal of the finger from the point. Intermittent vibration is also characteristic of this method. The duration of exposure to a point by this method is from 30 to 60 seconds.
The soothing method is characterized by smooth, slow rotational movements (not shifting the skin) or pressure with the fingertips with a gradual increase in pressure and holding the finger at a depth. The movements are repeated 3-4 times, while the finger does not come off the point. The impact on the point with the calming method is continuous. The duration of exposure to each point is from 3 to 5 minutes.
The conditions for conducting a massage by one method or another are the same: before the massage, take a comfortable position, completely relax, distract yourself from extraneous thoughts, focusing all your attention on the massage. The desired result occurs sometimes during a massage session, sometimes - after it, in some cases - after a course of massage, consisting of several sessions. Often it is enough to act on 2-3 points to feel the positive effect of massage. Therefore, you should not rush to massage all the points. Firstly, it is necessary to follow a certain sequence, and secondly, do not rush to move from one point to another.
Indications and contraindications for acupressure and linear massage
Acupressure and linear massage has a number of advantages over other types of reflexology:
1) learning finger massage is much easier than, for example, acupuncture;
2) hygiene requirements during massage sessions are minimal and do not require any complex devices, disinfectants;
3) these types of massage can be carried out on an outpatient basis and in any forced conditions (on the street, in industrial premises);
4) the effectiveness of exposure in experienced massage therapists is not inferior to acupuncture;
5) finger massage is very convenient when providing emergency assistance, as well as in the form of self-massage;
6) point and linear self-massage is very effective for restoring working capacity and with physical fatigue.
Hygiene requirements with acupressure and linear massage are similar to those that apply to manual classical massage and are widely described in the literature.
When using methods of reflexology in medical and sports practice, one should be guided by the indications and contraindications for these types of massage.
Main indications
The main indications for the use of acupressure and linear massage in practice are pain sensations of functional origin and hypertonicity of the muscular system, as well as the following diseases:
1. Neuroses.
Neuroses of fear.
hysterical neurosis.
Depressive neurosis.
Neurasthenia.
Separate neurotic syndromes such as hiccups, aerophagia, etc.
2. Diseases of the nervous system.
Neuritis of the facial nerve.
Neuralgia trigeminal nerve.
Neuritis of the radial, ulnar, median nerves, brachial plexitis, sciatica.
Vegetative-vascular syndromes.
3. Diseases of the circulatory system.
Essential benign hypertension stage I.
Reflex angina.
Heart rhythm disturbances (extrasystole) not associated with severe pathology of the heart muscle. Hypotension.
4. Diseases of the digestive system.
Functional disorders of the esophagus.
Functional disorders of the stomach.
Functional bowel disorders.
5. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system connective tissue.
Spondyloarthritis.
Osteoarthritis, deforming arthrosis, spondylosis, traumatic spondylopathy.
Arthritis (rheumatic, allergic).
Lumbago, intercostal myalgia, humeroscapular periarthritis.
6. Osteochondrosis of the spine.
Neurodystrophic syndromes of cervical and lumbar osteochondrosis.
Shoulder sciatica.
Radiculitis cervical.
Thoracic sciatica with visceral pain.
Lumbosacral sciatica.
Relative readings
Acupressure and linear massage can be considered as a symptomatic therapy for organic diseases of the nervous system and internal organs, in which there are structural changes in organs and systems. However, in some cases, positive changes and even delays in the process of the disease may appear, not to mention the general strengthening and psychotherapeutic effect of reflexology.
Contraindications
The main group of contraindications are:
1) benign tumors;
2) all malignant neoplasms of the organs of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue;
3) diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs;
4) acute infectious diseases and febrile conditions of unclear etiology;
5) myocardial infarction;
6) thrombosis and embolism of veins in the acute period;
7) sharp exhaustion;
8) physical overstrain;
9) acute inflammatory processes of the musculoskeletal system;
10) tuberculosis;
11) gastric and duodenal ulcer;
12) mental disorders;
13) pregnancy;
14) advanced age.
It is not recommended to carry out acupressure in case of severe heart diseases, in the presence of pathology in the work of the kidneys, lungs, as well as at high body temperature. Do not resort to acupressure during menstruation, while intoxicated and on an empty stomach. Sudden changes in atmospheric pressure can also adversely affect the body if acupressure is performed.
It is forbidden to drink coffee, strong tea, alcoholic drinks, spicy and salty foods throughout the course of the massage. It is also not recommended to take a bath during a therapeutic massage course. It is best to take short warm shower or wash each part of the body separately, taking a break of several hours.
In matters of indications and contraindications for the use of acupressure and linear massage, it is not enough to be guided only by the nosological principle, it is necessary to take into account individual symptoms and syndromes of diseases, individual reactivity. For example, acupressure as a method of analgesic (pain-relieving) action can be used for benign tumors with a sharp pain syndrome and for other diseases.
Additionally, it should be borne in mind that acupressure and linear massage after physiotherapeutic procedures can be carried out after 3-4 hours and not earlier than 3 months after X-ray therapy, taking large doses of narcotic, psychotropic drugs and steroid hormones.
Acupressure for nausea and vomiting
All points are shown in the figures (see below)
Nausea and vomiting are symptoms that accompany many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It is completely futile to treat them without knowing the causes that caused them, since the main cause of these conditions will not be eliminated. However, using acupressure, you can alleviate your condition. To do this, it is advisable to massage the following points:
3.36 - Zu-san-li.
8.21 - Yu-men. The point is symmetrical, located 2 cun below the junction of the sternum with the xiphoid process and 0.5 cun away from the midline.
9.6 — Nei Kuan ("Inner Opener"). The point is located 2 cun above the wrist crease on the median line of the forearm, between the tendons in the depression between the ulna and the radius. Refers to points of general action. The location of the point corresponds to the median nerve passing in depth.
The point is also used in the treatment of pain in the heart, tachycardia, myocarditis, pain in the elbow and shoulder, with increased blood pressure, gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as bronchial asthma and neuroses.
12.2 - Xing-jian. The point is located on the foot, 0.5 cun outward from the interdigital fold, between the thumb and second toe.
14.12 - Zhong-wan ("Middle Channel"). The point is located 4 cun above the navel in the midline of the abdomen.
Acupressure for chronic gastritis
Treatment of chronic gastritis must be comprehensive. Acupressure can be successfully used in the treatment of chronic gastritis in combination with other traditional methods.
In the treatment of chronic gastritis, the following points should be massaged.
3.25 - Tian-shu. The point is used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, chronic cholecystitis, menstrual disorders, urinary retention.
3.36 - Zu-san-li. The point is stimulated in the treatment of gastric ulcer, gastritis, functional diseases of the central nervous system, diseases of the oral cavity, hypertension, psoriasis.
8.21 -Yu-men.
12.2 - Xing-jian. The point is located on the foot, 0.5 cun outside the interdigital crease between the big and second toes.
13.14 - Da-zhui.
14.12 — Zhong-wan. Refers to points of general action.
In the region of the point are the epigastric artery and branches of the intercostal nerves.
The point is also used in the treatment of pain in the stomach, intestines, nausea, stomach ulcers, gastroduodenitis, gastritis, cholecystitis, asthenic conditions and neuroses.
14.14 — Ju Que. The point is located 2 cun below the junction of the sternum with the xiphoid process.
It is advisable to massage the lower thoracic spine with your hands or with a masseur. Massage your feet using a rolling pin.
To do this, sitting on the floor, put your feet on a rolling pin and roll it.
The following exercise has a beneficial effect on the digestive tract.
Massage your index fingers.
Then sit on a chair, rest your palms on the seat, straighten your arms, lift your legs, keeping them parallel to the floor, and try to lift your body off the chair. If you succeed, stay in this position for 5 seconds and repeat the exercise 5 times, and then, after a short break, do the exercise again.
Acupressure for neurocirculatory dystonia
Neurocirculatory dystonia is a functional disease of the cardiovascular system, which is accompanied by pain in the region of the heart; possible increase or decrease in blood pressure. The diagnosis of neurocirculatory dystonia is established by a doctor. Pain in neurocirculatory dystonia is burning, shooting, pulling, piercing in nature, usually localized in the region of the heart, does not radiate, lasts a long time, is stopped (removed) by taking validol, corvalol, and also during exercise. In the complex of measures for the treatment of neurocirculatory dystonia, along with the normalization of lifestyle, the reduction of stress, the observance of the regime of work and rest, and the use of medications, acupressure can play an important role, which helps to reduce pain or get rid of it. In this disease, massage of the following points is recommended.
5.5 - Tun-li. The point is located 1 cun above the proximal fold of the wrist joint, between the flexor tendons.
5.7 — Shenmen ("Gate of the Spirit"). The point is located on the arm, in the anterior region, in the inner section of the proximal wrist fold, between the tendons of the flexors of the fingers.
9.6-Nei-guan.
It is also possible to use other points.
3.36 - Zu-san-li.
4.6 - San-ying-chiao.
13.48 — Bao Huang. The point is located outward from the center of the gap between the vestiges of the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae.
2.37 - Huh. The point is located outward from the center of the gap between the spinous processes of the 3rd and 4th thoracic vertebrae.
Contrast foot baths also help relieve pain in the heart area. To do this, you need to take two basins, one of them with water at a temperature of 40-42 ° C, and the other half as much (20-21 ° C). The feet are dipped into a hot bath; when they get warm, dip their feet in cool water; as soon as a feeling of chilliness appears, they again lower their legs into hot water. This procedure is repeated several times, ending with cold water, and then the legs are rubbed with a terry towel until redness. For the elderly, the water temperature may be reduced to 37°C, while the use of a contrast shower may be recommended for young people.
To relieve pain, you can use a hot bath (41-42 ° C) for 7-10 minutes for the right hand.
Acupressure for hypertension
The use of acupressure can be a powerful adjuvant in the complex treatment of hypertension. However, before
use acupressure, you must always consult with your doctor, as only he can determine the presence of contraindications to such treatment. In the treatment of hypertension, it is necessary to control the level of blood pressure. It is necessary to take into account the individual reaction, as well as the dynamics of blood pressure when exposed to certain groups of points, and the most favorable of them should be used for repeated exposures. It is not recommended to carry out acupressure on your own in case of cerebrovascular accident and other complications of hypertension.
Most often, massage of the following points is used to treat hypertension.
3.36 - Zu-san-li.
9.b-Nei-guan.
4.6 — San-yin-jiao.
The point affects both the maximum (systolic) and minimum (diastolic) blood pressure and is one of the most important in the treatment of hypertension.
2.11 - Qu-chi.
3.44 — Nei-ting ("Lower Hall"). The point is located between the heads of the II and III metatarsal bones. This is where the dorsal artery and dorsal nerve are located. The point is used for diseases of the stomach, small intestine, oral mucosa, headache, inflammatory diseases of the joints of the feet, sleep disorders.
2.15 - Jianyu ("shoulder bed"). The point is located above the shoulder joint, between the acromial process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus and corresponds to the cavity formed during passive abduction of the arm. The location of the point corresponds to the middle of the deltoid muscle.
Point massage is recommended for diseases of the upper limbs, radiculitis, shoulder plexitis, neuritis, arthritis and arthrosis of the shoulder joint. The point is part of the collar zone, which is why it is used for autonomic disorders, pathology of the small pelvis.
12.14 - Qi-men 403].
5.7 - Shen-men. Point massage is carried out with a decrease in appetite, pain in the region of the heart, paroxysmal tachycardia of a neurogenic nature. The impact on this point is especially indicated for neurosis, depression, anxiety, fear, memory loss and attention.
1 and 5-Jiu-wei.
9.7 - Da-ling ("Big Hill"). The point is located in the middle of the wrist fold in the area of the wrist joint, between the tendons of the long palmar muscle and the radial flexor of the hand. The median nerve passes at the location of the point.
The point affects the maximum (systolic) blood pressure.
Acupressure for osteochondrosis of the spine
All points are shown in the pictures (see the article general about acupressure)
Osteochondrosis is one of the most common diseases of the ligamentous-articular apparatus. The development of the disease is associated with a sedentary and sedentary lifestyle, poor posture, excessive physical exertion. The use of acupressure at home can be an effective tool in the treatment of this disease.
Before starting a massage session, it is advisable to use universal points that are used for various diseases:
3.36 (Tzu-san-ly). Then you should start massaging the points located on the meridian of the bladder. All of them are located on the back.
7.22 - San-jiao-shu. The point is symmetrical, located 1.5 cun away from the depression under the spinous process of the 1st lumbar vertebra.
7.23 - Shen-shu. The point is used in the treatment of kidney disease, pain in the lumbar region, menstrual disorders, hearing loss, diabetes, hemorrhoids and intestinal colic.
7.24 - Chi-hai-shu.
7.25 - Da-chan-shu.
7.26 - Kuan-yuan-shu. The location of the point is the same as 7.25 (Da-chan-shu), only under the 5th lumbar vertebra.
7.60 - Kun-lun ("The name of the mountain in Tibet"). The point is located in the middle of the depression between the center of the outer ankle and the calcaneal tendon, at the level of the top of the ankle. Refers to points of general action. The location of the point corresponds to the location of the short peroneal muscle, the posterior artery of the ankle and the sural nerve.
Point massage is indicated for headaches, dizziness, pain in the neck, back, lower back, diseases of the pelvic organs, ankle joint, arterial hypertension, neuroses and insomnia.
13.4 — Ming-men ("Gate of life"). The point is located directly between the spinous processes of the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. In this area are the posterior branches of the lumbar artery and the posterior branches of the lumbar plexus.
The point is massaged for headaches, radicular pain syndrome of lumbar localization, neuroses, especially those combined with insomnia, asthenic conditions, hemorrhoids, intestinal colic, dysfunction of the pelvic organs.
Acupressure for neurasthenia
Neurasthenia is one of the most common types of neurosis, which is manifested by increased excitability and irritability, combined with fatigue and exhaustion. A patient with neurasthenia quickly falls asleep, but also quickly wakes up from the slightest rustle, reactions of irritation, resentment and anger easily occur, but they are short-lived, as exhaustion sets in quickly. In some cases, neurasthenia is the result of mental overwork or the chronic effect of a psychotraumatic situation. There are two main forms of neurasthenia: a) hypersthenic, which is clinically manifested by symptoms of increased excitability, and b) hyposthenic, characterized by lethargy, apathy, and drowsiness. The choice of a formula for acupressure depends on the clinical manifestations of the disease and is determined by the leading pathological symptom. The principles of treatment of neurasthenia and the main points for acupressure are as follows.
13.14-Da-zhui.
7.60 - Kun-lun.
13.20 - Bai-hui.
2.11 -Qui-chi.
In the case of pronounced tearfulness, emotional instability, a good effect has an effect on the following points.
2.4-He-gu. 7.10 - Tian-chzhu 399].
7.15-Gao-huang.
7.34 - Xia-lyao. The point is located below the waist, above the 4th sacral foramen.
14.4 - Guan yuan. The point is located in the midline below the navel by 3 cun.
Insomnia
If you suffer from insomnia, instead of using sleeping pills, we recommend massaging the following points before going to bed.
4.6 - San-yin-jiao.
5.7 - Shen-men. 7.10 - Tian-chzhu 399]. 9.6 - Nei-guan. 11.20-Feng-chi. .SH4-Da-zhui)
