lBNRBOYS O BBRDE

NYT HCE BLPOYUIMUS, IPFS CH FH BYNH 1939/40 ZPDB ChPKOB DMS NEOS EEE OE OBYUBMBUSH. s OE RTJOYNBM HYBUFYS CH rPMSHULPK LBNRBOJ. 3-K LBCHBMETYKULYK RPML, LPFPTSCHN S LPNBODPCHBM CH NYTOPE CHTENS, TBVTPUBMY RP TBOBOSCHN YUBUFSN. ʺBFEN NOPA VSCM UZHPTNYTPCHBO OPCHSHCHK, 22-K LBCHBMETYKULYK RPML, RETED LPFPTSCHN UFPSMB BDBYUB KHUYMYFSH EDYOUFCHEOOHA UHEEUFCHHAEKHA LBCHBMETYKULHA DYCHYYA. oEUULPMSHLP OEDEMSH URHUFS S UFBM RTEENOYLPN LPNBOYTB NPEK VTYZBDSH ZOEETTBMB ZHPO chBMShDEOZHEMSHUB, ULPOYUBCHYEZPUS H TBKPOE UPUTEDPFPYUEOYS OBYI YUBUFEK CHVMYY ZPMMBODULPK ZTBOYGSCH.

s PFMYUOP RPPOINBM, UFP Ch UPCTENEOOOPK CHPKOE LBCHBMETYS BOBITPOYIN, OP, FEN OE NEOEE, PUFBCHBMUS CHETOSHCHN FFPNKh TPDH ChPKUL U FEI UBNSCHI RPT, LBL OBYUBM CH OEN UMHTsVKh RPUME retchpk NYTPCH PC CHPKOSHCH. CHUE FFP OBRPNYOBMP TSYOSH O PUFTPCHE. hCHEMYYUEOYE YUYUMEOOPUFY BTNY OBYUBMPUSH RTY TETSYNE OBGIPOBM-UPGYBMYUFCH, B UFTHLFHTOSHCHE Yʺ̱NEOEOYS CH CHETNBIFE CHUFHRIMY CH UIMH 30 YAOS 1934 ZPDB. OP FP HCHEMYYUEOYE OE TBURTPUFTBOSMPUSH O LBCHBMETYA, LPFPTPK HDBMPUSH UPITBOYFSH UCHPYI UREGIBMSHOP RPDZPPFPCHMEOOOSCHI PZHYGETCH, OBVTBOOSCHI CH PUOPCHOPN YU UVBTPZP RTHUULPZP PZHY GETULPZP LP TRHUB. rPULPMSHLKh UBN S TPDPN yj ATsOPZP vBDEOB, X NEOSOE VSMP FTBDYGYPOOSCHI UFYNY RTKHUUBLBNY. th Chuye Tsepoy Noe OTBCHYMYUSH, ChPPNTSOP, RPFPNKh, UFP CH OSHCHEYOYI PVUFPSFEMSHUFCHBI OE RTEDUFBCHMSMY LBLPK-FP TEBMSHOPC UIMSHCH, FBL LBL RTHUULBS IDES CH ZETNBOY SCHOOP LBRYFH MYTPCHBMB RETED OBGIPOBM-UPGIBM YINPN.

fBL RPMKHYUMPUSH, UFP EEE OEULPMSHLP VEEPVMBYUOSCHI NEUSGECH FFK UHTPPK Y UETSOPK ʺ̱INSCH WITH RPTCHEM UTEDY UCHPYI NMBDYYI FPCHBTYEEK. zhBLFYUEULY NSC CHUE EEE RTEVSCCHBMY CH UPUFPSOYY NYTB CH FYYI UEMSHULYI DPNYLBI CH TBKPOE ATsOPZP pMShDEOVKhTZB Y CHEUFZHBMYY. NPK DEOEIL, RP ZHBNYMYY JEKTYFBL, VSCHM UMBCHOSCHN NBMSCHN. URPLPKOSHCHK UCHEFMPCHPMPUSHK RBTEOSH, RPDOIK TEVEOPL UEMSHULPZP TSYFEMS YJ zBTGB, PO OBIPDYMUS RTY NOY U ZEFFYOZEOULYI DOEK. NA VSHCHM RTEDBO NPEK WENSHE Y CHUEZDB HLTBYBM GCHEFBNY ​​​​ZHPFPZTBZHYA r. UTEDY DTHZYI DEOEYLCH NA NBMP YUEN CHSHDEMSMUS, RPULPMSHLH VSCHM FYIYN Y ULTPNIGHT. OE UFTENYMUS L PVEEOIA Y RPRKHMSTOPUFY, Y NEOS LFP CHRPMOE HUFTBYCHBMP. rPULPMSHLH DEM X OEZP VSCHMP OENOPPZP, PO PVSCHYUOP YUBUBNY YUYFBM VYVMYA YMY LIŠĆE CH RTPUFTBGYY RETED PLOPN.

CHUE OBI PZHYGETSCH, LBL Y CH NYTOPE CHTENS, YNEMY UCHPYI MPYBDEK. x NEOS VSHMP FTY UFTPECHSCHI LPOS, UTEDOECHEUB, Y RPDDETSBOYE YI CH OHTSOPK LPODYGYY VSCMP DMS NEOS PDOCHTENEOOP YUFPYUOILPN TBDPUFY Y ʺ̱DPTPCHSHS.

CHEMYUSH CHPEOOSH RTYZPPFCHMEOYS DMS RPLB OEPRTEDEMEOOOPK, CHETPSFOPK LBNRBOY O BRBD-u. rTPCHPDYMYUSH FBLFYUEULYE HYUEOYS, CHTENS LPFPTSCHI CH DEFBMSI PFTBVBFSHCHBMUS NBTY CH ZPMMBODYA.

RP CHPULTUEOSHSN NSC UPCHETYBMY LPTPFLIE LLULKHTUY L VMYTSBKYENKH HYBUFLH ZTBOYGSC H UFTYOE Y PVPTECHBMY LFY NEUFB U OELPFPTSCHN MAVPRSCHFUFCHPN, UMPCHOP FBN EEE VSCHMY PLPRSHCH, LBL PE OČITAVANJE RPYGIPOOSCH I VPEC rETCHPK NYTPCHPK CHPKOSHCH. CHEUOB KHUSCHRBMB UFTPKOSHCHE TSDSCH VPSTCHIOILB CEMFSCHNY GCHEFBNY, HLTBUYCHYNY LPMAYUYE YZPTPDY. PDOB DCHE WOETSCHE NEFEMI RTPCHPDYMY BYNH, Y RPSCHIMPUSH FARMPE UPMOGE.

h UCHPEN LTHZH, FP EUFSH UTEDY DBCHOYYOYI Y OBYVPMEE VMYʺ̱LYI DTHEK-PZHYGETPCH, S Rafinerija PVUKhTsDBFSH UIFKHBGYA VE CHUSLYI PRBUEOIK, YMY, LBL ZPCHPTYM NPK RTYSFEMSH vBBDE , "CHSCHTBTSBFSH UCHPY CHZMS DSCH". NSC LBL-FP OEPRTEDEMEOOOP TBNSCHYMSMY P RETURELFYCHBI TBCHYFYCHBI TBCHYFIYS UPVSCHFIYK OB BBRBDE, YVP RTY OBYEK YOUFYOLFYCHOPK OERTYSKOY L RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHH NSC CH OEZP OE ČETVRTI, BCHPURP NYOBOYS P rETCHPK NYTPCHPK OBU FTECHPTSYMY. h LBLPC-FP UFEREOY NSCH DPCHETSMY vTBHIYYUKH Y zBMShDETH {2} , RPFPNKh UFP OILFP OE NPZ OBCHBFSH YI OBGYUFBNY. YNES PUOPCHBFEMSHOHA CHPEOOHA RPDZPPFPCHLH, POY NPZMY VPMEE FTEEKCHP UHDYFSH P BRBDOPN RTPFYCHOYLE, YUEN ZYFMET UP UCHPYNY UPCHEFOILBNY. IPFS PZHYGETSLYK LPTRHU LBCHBMETYY RTEDUFBCHMSM UPVPK OYUFPTSOPE NEOSHYYOUFCHP, EZP RTHUULPE NYTPCHP'TEOYE PFTBTSBMPUSH CH OELPFPTPK UFEREOY O DTHZYI TPDBI ChPKUL. OP PF UFBTK RTHUULPK UYUFENSCH UPITBOYMPUSH OEYUFP VPMEE CHBTSOPE zeOETBMSHOSHCHK YFBV U EZP FTBDYGYPOOP TEBMYUFYUOPK PGEOLPK RETURELFYCH CHPKOSHCH RTPFYCH ʺ̱BRBDOSCHI DETTSBCH. pVEEOYE UP NOPZYNY PZHYGETBNY CH VETMYOE, ZDE S OEULPMSHLP MEF RTPUMKHTSYM CH CHCHUYEN LPNBODPCHBOY UHIPRHFOSCHHI ChPKUL, RPURPUPVUFCHPCHBMP HLTERMEOYA ChP NOE CHPEOOZP ULERFYGYYNB, LP FPTSCHK S HCE PEKHE BM Y U RPMYFYUEULPK FPYULY TEOYS. s CURPNYOBA UEKYUBU VEUEDKH U OBYUBMSHOILPN chshchuyezp LPNBODPCHBOYS UHIPRHFOSCHI ChPKUL ZOEETBMPN ZHPO zBNNETYFEKOPN, KHYEDYN CH PFUFBCHLKH CHULPTE RPUME RTYIPDB ZYFMETB L CHMBUFY. ZEOETBM VSHCHM HCHETEO, YuFP OBYB RPMYFYLB RTECHTBFIF OBU PE CHTBZCH BRBDB Y RTYCHEDEF L RPTBTSEOIA.

FERETSCH, LPZDB OBD OBNY OBCHYUMB HZTPYB CHPKOSHCH, S RPOYNBM, UFP MYUOPUFY CHTPDE zBNNETYFEKOB Y WELP {3} VSHCHMY MYYSH OENOPZPYUYUMEOOPK MYFPK CHOHFTY zeOETBMShOPZP YFBVB, IPFS Y BOINBMY FBLIE CHBTSOSCHE DPMTSOPUFY, LBL ZOETBM-LCHBTFYTNEKUFET, OBYUBMSHOIL HRTBCHMEOYS, OP ZEOETBMSHOSHCHK YFBV VSCH M PZTPNOĆ.

h VETMYOE, LBL Y CH RTPCHYOGYY, UHEEUFCHPCHBM YOPK FYR PZHYGETPCH, CHUE NSHCHUMY LPFPTSCHI UCHPDYMYUSH FPMSHLP L CHPEOOSHCHN RTPVMEMBN. yFY MADY OE PVMBDBMY URPUPVOPUFSHHA L CHSHCHUPLPPNKh UFTBFEZYUEULPNKh NSHCHIMEOYA, OE HNEMY NSHCHUMYFSH Y RPMYFYYUEULY. rPUFEREOOP POI RPVETSDBMY YUYUMPN Y CHMYSOYEN, YVP HUFTBYCHBMY RTBCHSEIK TETSIN VPMSHIE, YUEN CHSHCHUPLPPVTBBPHBOOSCHE PZHYGETSCH ZEOYFBVB. fBLYE RPMYFYYUEULY OE PVTBCHBOOSCHE PZHYGETSCH FPTS RTPVYCHBMYUSH CH zeOETBMSHOSHCHK YFBV, plc (CHETIPCHOPE ZMBCHOPLPNBODPCHBOYE CHPPTHTSEOOSHI UIM ZETNBOY) Y pli (chchuye LPNB) ODPCHBOYE UHIPRKHFOSHCHI CH PKUL). oELPFPTSHCHE UCHPYN YUYUFP CHPEOOSHCHN RBFTYPFYJNPN OBRPNYOBMY UMHTSYCHYYEZP DMS OII PVTBGBPN MADEODPTZHB {4} , DTHZYE CE, H PUPVEOOPUFY FE, LFP RPNMBDYE, VSCHMY RTPUFP USHCHOPCHSHSNNY MADEK, LPFPTSHCHE VPMEE YMY NEOEE CHPUFPTTSEOOP RTYOYNBMY OPCHHA CHMBUFSH. h FBLPK UYFHBGYY NOE LBBMPUSH NBMPCHETPFSCHN, YuFP zeoTBMSHOSHCHK YFBV YURPMSHHEF UCHPE CHMYSOYE DMS RTEDPFCCHTBEEOYS OPCHPK NYTPCHPK CHPKOSHCH. th CHUE TSE SOE FETSM OBDETSDSCH.

rPFPNKh S YURSHCHFBM YPL, LPZDB CHEYUETPN 9 NBS 1940 ZPDB RPUFKhRYM UELTEFOSHK RTYLB P CHFPPTTSEOYY CH OEKFTBMSHOHA ZPMMBODYA. NEOS PICHBFYMB LBLBS-FP HUFBMPUFSH, ChTPDE FPK, UFP S YURSCHFSCCHBM RETED BFBLBNY CHTENEOB RETCHPK NYTPCHPK CHPKOSHCH, PEHEEOOYE, UFP NOE MAVPK GEOPK OEVPVIPDYNP CH RPUMEDOYK TBY LBL UMEDHEF CHSCHURBFSHUSS. OBUFHRMEOYEN OPYUY S PFRTBCHYMUS O LPNBODOSHK RHOLF, TBURPMPTSOOOSCHK O BTBOEE CHSCVTBOOPK RETEDPPK RPYGYY, U OEZP S DPMTSEO VSCHM HRTBCHMSFSH OBYUBMSHOSHCHNY DEKUFCHYSNNY PUOPCHOSHI U YM UCHPEK LBCHBMETY KULPK DYCHYYY. h FY RPUMEDOYE DTENPFOSHCHE YUBUSCH S YURSCHFSCHCHBM UIMSHOKHA FTECHPZH OYUFP RPIPTSEE O UFTBI YMYY OBRTSEOIE RETED CHSHIPDPN O UGEOH, YMIY RETED FTHDOPC ULBYULPK RP RETEUEYEOOPK NEUFOPUF Y, YMY RTY UFPMLOPCH EOYY U OEYCHEUFOPUFSHHA UHDSHVSCH. chetpsfop, fp vshchm rtpufp UFTBI.

na KhFTB 10 NBS UPPVEEOIS U ZHTPOFB PLBBMYUSHOE VPMEE VMBZPRTYSFOSHCHNY, YUEN CH FEYUEOYE RTPYEDYEK OPYUY. x NEOS ULMBDSCHCHBMPUSH CHEYUBFMEOYE, UFP RPMLY PUFBOPCHYMYUSH RETED ZPMMBODULYNY HLTERMEOYSNNY, LPFPTSCHHE, RP OBYN RTEDRPMPTSEOISN, DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY VSHCHFSH UMBVSHCHNY. th S OENEDMEOOP PFRTBCHYMUS CHRETED O LPNBODOSHCH RHOLFSCH VBFBMSHPOCH Y TPF. pDYO Yʺ̱ TPFOSCHHI LPNBODYTPCH RPDFCHETDYM NPY PRBUEOIS. h GERY REIPFSCH S ʺ̱BNEFIYM MEZLYK FBOL YOBYEK DYCHYYYY, CHEDHEYK PZPOSH RP VMYTSBKYENKH ZPMMBODULPNKH VMYODBTSH. rPULPMSHLH RHMENEFSHCH Yb FFPZP VMYODBTsB BUFBCHYMY REIPFYOGECH EBMEYUSH, S HLTSHMUS OB OBYN FBOLPN. EDCHB MY LFP VSCHMP RTBCHYMSHOP, CHEDSH FBOL RTYCHMELBEF PZPOSH RTPFYCHOYLB, OP UMHYUBEFUS DEMBFSH Y FBL. BOYN HLTSHMUS Y NPMPDK MEKFEOBOP ZHPO LJLETYG. eZP PTDYOBTEG RPCHETOKHMUS LP NOE Y ULBBM: "zPURPDYO MEKFEOBOPH TBOEO, PO PYUEOSH RMPI". s PFCHEFYM: "USHCHOPL, ZPURPDYO MEKFEOBOP HNYTBEF".

h h OEVPMSHYPN ZPMMBODULPN VHOLETE RPDOSMY VEMSHCHK ZHMBZ. OPĆENITO CHPKULB RTPTCHBMY PVPTPOH Y VSHCHUFTP OBYUBMY RTPDCHYZBFSHUS CHRETED.

NPS VTYZBDB (UPZMBUOP RMBOH) DPMTSOB VSCHMB Y ZBCHBOEK MENNET Y ufBCHETEO ZHPTUITPCHBFSH OBMYCH AKDET-YE {5} Y CHPKFI H UCHETOHA ZPMMBODYA. ULBDTPOBN UMEDPCHBMP RPZTKHJFSHUS O NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHE NEMLIE TSHCHVPMPCHOSCHE UHDB, LPFPTSHCHE DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY VKHLUYTPCHBFSH VPMEE LTHROSCHE. O RPUMEDOYI HUFBOBCHMYCHBMYUSH RPMECHSHCHE PTHDYS Y NYOPNEFSHCH DMS PVEUREYUEOYS RTILTSCHFIS RTY CHSHCHUBDLE. CHIPDSCH H ZBCHBOY VSCHMY RETELTSCHFSCH ʺ̱BFPRMEOOSCHNY UHDBNY, Y UOBYUBMB OBDP VSCHMP YI Chʺ̱PTCHBFSH. NPTE UYMSHOP YFPTNYMP. noe RTEDUFBCHMSMPUSH, UFP OE NPCEF VSHCHFSH Y TEYUY P BICHBFE YNEAENYUS H DEUBOFB UTEDUFCHBNY RTPFYCHPRMPTSOPZP VETEZB, CH UMKHYUBE EUMY NSCHUFTEFYN FBN IPFSh LBLPE-FP PT ZBOYPCHBOOPE UPRTPFYCHMEOYE. HUREI NPZMB RTYOEUFY FPMSHLP CHOEBROBS BFBLB. s HCE ZPCHPTYM PV LFPN ChP CHTENS RTECHBTYFEMSHOSCHI FBLFYUEULYI HYUEOYK Y FERETSH VSCHM TEOYFEMSHOP RTPFYCH FPZP, YUFPVSH TYULPCHBFSH KHUREIPN PRETBGYY, RPLB NSC OE DPVSHENUS ZPURPDUFCHB H CHPDHIE OBD AKD ET-E.

h DHIPCH DEOSH S RTYEIIBM CH uFBCHETEO, UFPVSCH RTPCHETYFSH, LBL IDEF RPDZPFPCHLB. na NPTS RPDPYEM OEPPMSHYPK VPECHPK LPTBVMSH Y UOBYUBMB CHUFBM O SLPTSH, YuFPVShch RPOBVMADBFSH OBNY. lPZDB PO CHSHCHRHUFYM RETCHSHCHK UOBTSD, CHUE VTPUIMYUSH RTSFBFSHUS CH DPNB. s OBJEM OELPFTPE RPDPVYE HLTSCHFIYS O HMYGE, ZDE YUHCHUFCHPCHBM UEVS H VPMSHYEK VEERPBUOPUFY. uOBTSDSHCH TCHBMYUSH CH FEYUEOYE YUBUB U TBCHOSCHNY RTPNETSHFLBNY. CHUE FFP CHTENS S RTPUYDEM ULTAYUYCHYUSH OD ZTHDPK LYTRYUB. pFCHEFOSHCHK PZPOSH Y OBYI MEZLYI RPMECHSCHI PTHDYK PLBBMUS UCHETIEOOOP OEIZHZHELFYCHOSCHN, IPFS LPTBVMSH OBIPDYMUS CHUEZP CH LYMPNEFTE PF OYI. pDIO UOBTSD U UNYOGGB RPRBM RTSNP CH OBY PTHDYKOSHCHK TBUYUEF. FFPF DHIPCH DEOSCH CHCHDBMUS HTSBUOSCHN. bB FPK LHYUEK LITRYUEK X NEOS CHPOYILMY LBLIE-FP ZTHUFOSHCHE NSHCHUMY. rPLBMBPUSH OECHSCHOPUINSCHN, UFP RTYDEFUS, CHPNPTSOP, RTECHBFSH YUSHA-FP TSYOSH CH FFK VE'BEYFOPC UFTBOE. RETEDP NOPC RPD CHEUEOOYN UPMOSHCHILPN METSBMB NBMEOSHLBS ZBCHBOSH U TBOPGCHEFOSHCHNY MPDLBNY. sa CHRPMOE NPZ VSH RTYEIIBFSH CH LFP NEUFEYULP U r. OP RBUUBTSYTULYK RBTPIPD, ZPUFERTYYYNOP RTEMBZBCHYYK FBLPE NYTOPE RKhFEYUFCHYE, HTS VSCHM TBTHYEO UOBTSDPN.

lPZDB zPMMMBODYS LBRYFHMYTPCHBMB, CH DEUBOFOPC PRETBGYY HCE OE VSHMP UNSHUMB, Y HER PFNEOYMY. NECDH 16 Y 18 NBS VTYZBDB CHETOKHMBUSH O UCHPY UFBTSHCH LCHBTFYTSCH O ZTBOYGE. NEUFOPE OBUEMEOYE TBDPUFOP RTYCHEFUFCHPCHBMP OBU LBL RPVEYFEMEK. OP NEOS PICHBFSCHCHBMP YUHCHUFCHP VPMY Y TsBMPUFY L OECHETSEUFCHH FEI, LPZP CHCHEMY CH OBVMHTSDEOYE. lBMShCHOYUFSHCH VSHMY ʺ̱BNLOHFSCH Y, DETSBUSH OBUFPPTTSEOOP, YMYH GETLCHY CH UCHPYI OBGYPOBMSHOSHCHI LPUFANBI.

'BFEN OBYKH LBCHBMETYKULHA DYCHYYA OBRTBCHYMY CHUMED BY FBOLPCCHNY DYCHYYSNY ZTHRRSHCH BTNYK THODIFEDFB RP DPTPZE, LPFPTBS VSCHMB NOE IPTPYP OBLPNB. lPZDB-FP ZETNBOULYE CHPKULB PUKHEEUFCHYMY ʺ̱DEUSH RTPTSCHCH, Y FP VSHMP UBNPE ZPTSUEEE NEUFP. rTYDEFUS MY OBYEK RPUMEDOEK LBCHBMETYKULPK DYCHYYY CHUFKHRIFSH CH VPK EEE TB? FP LBMBPUSH CHEUSHNB UPNOYFEMSHOSHCHN.

dPTPZB (26–31 NBS 1940 ZPDB)

zPCHPTYMY, YuFP RPD chBFETMPP VSCHMP VPMSHYPE FBOLPCHPE UTBTSEOIE, OP NSCH NBMP CHYDEMY LFPNH UCHIDEFEMSHUFCH MYYSH RBTH VTPYEOOSCHI FBOLPCH.

ChP CHTENS CHSHCHDCHYTSEOIS L AZH PF vTAUUEMS VTYZBDB CHRECHE PLBBMBUSH H TBKOE, LPFPTSCHK RPLIOHMP ZTBTSDBOULPE OBUEMEOYE. pVEEE CHEYUBFMEOYE UPSU Y VEURPTSDPL. pDOBLP BDYAFBOFH HDBMPUSH OBKFY DMS NEOS LCHBTFYTH O CHIMME, RPUFTPEOOOPK H BOZMYKULPN UFIME Y PLTHTSEOOPK ZTPNBDOSCHN RBTLPN U RPMPZYNY IPMNBNY. h RBTLE GCHEMY ZPTFEOYY. pVCHUOSCHE BUUPGIBGIY UP UMPCHPN "CHPKOB" YUKHTSYE UFTBOSHCH, HZTPʺ̱B ZYVEMY, OEPRTEDEMEOOPUFSH, CHTBTSDEVOP OBUFTPEOOPE OBUEMEOYE, OBUYMYE, TBBMHLB ZTHVSH Y TêLY. b DMS NEOS SFB ZTHVPUFSH VSCHMB UNSZYUEOB FEN, UFP S CHETOKHMUS CH UCHPK "CHPEOOSHK DPN". FPK CE UBNPK DPTPZPK S RTPIYEM ChP CHTHENS CHFPTZEOIS 1914 ZPDB. Ch 1915–1917 ZPBI LFP VSCHMB DPTPZB, RP LPFPTPK PUKHEEUFCHMSMPUSH UOBVTSEOIE BTNYY, Ch 1918-N DPTPZB OBYEZP PFUFHRMEOYS, Y Ch 1940-N POB PRSFSH UFBMB OBYEK DPTP ZPK. ChPMEK UHDSHVSHCH POB PRSFSH RTECHTTBFIMBUSH CH DPTPZH CHPKOSHCH, URHUFS PDOP RPLPMEOYE, DPTPZH U FENY CE UBNSCHNY OBCHBOISNY: nPOU chBMBOUSHEO dKh mBOU mPTEFFP. h FE DBCHOYE DOY S YEM RP OEK MEKFEOBOFPN, B FERETSH VTYZBDOSCHN LPNBODYTPN. s CHZMSOKHM O IPSKLH ʺ̱BOSFPK DMS NEOS LCHBTFITSCH. POB UNPFTEMB O NEOS YOE CHETYMB UCHPYN ZMBBN, U FTHDPN HOBCHBS MEKFEOBOBFB ZHPO. oEXCFP LFP FPF UBNSCHK YUEMPCHEL, UFP UFPYF UEKUBU RETED OEK...

rPLB VTYZBDB OEUREYOP RTPDCHYZBMBUSH CHRETED, NO HDBMPUSH OEULPMSHLP TB PFLMPOYFSHUS PF NBTYTHFB, UFPVSCH CHPULTEUYFSH LPE-LBLIE CHPURPNYOBOYS. rPFPNKh S MEZLP PFSHCHULBM DPN H TSEOMOEOE, ZDE THRETCHSHCHE CUFTEFYM r. CH RPUMEDOYK ZPD retchpk NYTPCHPK CHPKOSHCH. h FE ZPDSH POB OPUIMB ZHPTNKH NEDUEUFTSCh vBCHBTULPZP lTBUOPZP lTEUFB, YJ-RPD YMSRLY O MPV CHSHVYCHBMYUSH BCHIFLY ChPMPU, UCHPYN Yueflyn PCHBMPN MYGB U VPMSHYNY ZMB ʺ̱BNY Y STLYNY ZHVBNY POB OBRPNY OBMB nBTYA-BOFHBOEFFH.

njezin MYUOBS NBMEOSHLBS LPNOBFLB CH UPMDBFULPN GEOPHT PFDSCHIB, LPFPTSCHN POB BCCHEDPCHBMB, PFMYUBMBUSH IPTPYN CHLHUPN. oEULPMSHLP RTEDNEFPCH UFBTYOSCH RTYDBCHBMY LFPK LPNOBFE BFNPUZHETH RPLPS, BLOYZY UCHYDEFEMSHUFCHPCHBMY P MYFETBFHTOSCHI HCHMEYUEOYSI HER PVYFBFEMSHOYGSHCH. STLYNY LTBULBNY RSHCHMBMY GCHEFSHCH, B OEULPMSHLP ZHPFPZTBZHYK H UETEVTSOSCHI TBNLBI TBULTSCCHBMY RTPYUIPTSDEOYE IPSKLY. O OII VSHMY Yʺ̱PVTBTSEOSHCH PZHYGETSCHCH YʺSEOSCHI LITBUYTULYI YYMENBI, LBBCHYIUS DBTSE CH FE CHTENEOB YuETEUYUKHT UFBTNPDOSHCHNY, B FBLTSE LTBUICCHHE TSEOEYOSCH CH ULTPNOSCHI RPBI U OIF SNY TSENUKHZB O IEE.

uFB LPNOBFB, CH LPFPTPK UHDSHVB NPS UCHETYMB OPCHSHCHK RPCHPTPF, PVTKHYYMB O NEOS RPFPL CHPURPNYOBOYK. nOPTSEUFCHP OEUPPFCHEFUFCHYK NETSDH OBNY, LBMBPUSH, UNYBMY PVSCHUOPNH MAVPCHOPNH UPAH. CHELBNY OBI HCHBTsBENSCHE WENSHI TSYMY CH TBOSCHI YUBUFSI UFTBOSH: EE H vTBODEOVKhTZE, NPS O AZE vBDEOB, OP DBTSE OE FFP PLBBMPUSH DMS OBU RTERSFUFCHYEN. R. "DEVAFITCHBMB" H VETMYOE LRPIY CHYMSHZEMSHNB Y YUBUFP RPUEEEBMB FE VPMSHYE DPNB, LPFPTSHCHE OILPZDB OE VSHMY CH RTHUULPK CHPEOOPC LBUFE, L LPFPTPK RTYOBDMETSBMB EE ENSHS. lPZDB OBYUBMBUSH RETCHBS NYTPCHBS CHPKOB, S FPMSHLP UFP CHETOHMUS RPUME DCHHIMEFOEZP PVCUEOIS H PLUZHPTDE, ZDE RTYPVTEM LPUNPRPMYFYUEULYE CHZMSDSH O OBGYPOBMSHOSHCHE FTBDYGYY Y X UMPCHOPUFY. OILPZDB CH NPEN IBTBLFETE OE VSCHMP FBLPZP, UFPVSCH UHDYFSH P MADSI RP NEUFH YI RTPYUIPTsDEOYS YMY RP YI OBGYPOBMSHOPUFY.

ybdkhnyuychpufy neos chshchchem bdyafbof. OBN OBDP VSHMP CHPCHTBEBFSHUS O PUOPCHOKHA DPTPZH, YUFPVSCH OE HRHUFYFSH LBLPZP-OYVHDSH UCHSOPZP. h RHFY SA NPMYUBM. rTPYMPE DETTSBMP NEOS CH UCHPYI FYULBI, S YURSCHFSCCHBM UNEYBOOPE YUKHCHUFCHP OBUMBTTSDEOYS Y VPMY. OSHCHEE S VSCHM TBMKHYUEO U r. VECHPʺ̱CHTBFOP. h RBNSFY CHPKOIL EE PVTB CH OEDBCHOEN RTPYMPN CHETIPN O YTMBODULPK ZOEDPK, NPEK MAVINPK, POB PIPFIMBUSH OB MYU, UYDS Ch DBNULPN UEDME BOZMYKULPZP PVTBYGB Y OB BOZMYKULYK N FIGHT. u NOPZPMEFOIN PIPFOYUSHYN PRSHCHFPN POB RTYPVTEMB PFMYUOKHA RPUBDLKh, Y S DBCHBM EK CURRENT OBDETSOSCHI MPYBDEK, LPFPTSHCHE ChP CHTENS RUPPK PIPFSCH OB MYU HCHETEOOP VTBMY UBNSHE LTHF SHCHE RTERSFUFCHYS. uFP LBUBEFUS CHETIPCHPK EJDSCH, r. RTYDETSYCHBMBUSH YFBMShSOULPK YLPMSCH, DBCHOYN RTYCHETSEOGEN LPFPTPK VSCHM Y S. dBCE CH DBNULPN UEDME POB HNEMB UIDEFSH RTSNP, YuFPVSCH PVMEZYUYFSH OBZTHʺLH O URYOKH MPYBDY. yES MPYBDY PVSCHYUOP VSCHMB RPMOPUFSHA CHSHCHFSOHFB Y ChP CHTENS RTSCCHTSLB UPUFBCHMSMB UP URYOPK PDOH MOYA PF OPUB DP ICHPUFB.

CHYDYNP, FERETS CHUE FFP HYMP OBCHUEZDB. fTY MPYBDY, YDHEYE ZDE-FP H LPMPOOE YFBVOPZP LYEMPOB, LBBMYUSHNOE DPTPZPUFPSEYNY YZTHYLBNY HIPDSEEK LRPIY. s CURPNYOBM YI CHUEI RPPYUETEDOP, BL B NOPZP MEF, LBL CHSHCHUPCHSHCHCHBAF POY UCHPY ZPMPCCH YJ VPMSHYI DEOOILPC, ZMBB TsBTsDHF DCHYTSEOIS, HYY FPRPTEBFUS, YLKhTSCH VMEUFSF: rTPZMPF . ULTP HCE OE PUFBOEFUS MPYBDEK, DEMSEYI OCHZPDSH CHPKOSHCH UP UCHPYNY IPSECHBNY.

dPTPZB ... POB CHSCHDETOHMB NEOS ʺ̱ LFPZP NYTB ZTE FBN, ZDE YMY CHRETED HUFBMSCHE ULBDTPOSCH. yNEOOP ʺ̱DEUSH CH 1914 ZPDKh VSCHM UMSCHYEO ZTPIPF PTHDYK O RTPIPDSEEN OERPDBMELKH ZHTPOFE. fPZDB POB CHSCHZMSDEMB WPMEE NYTOPC, YUEN FERETSH. OSHCHEE VSHCHMP HTSBUOPE OERTETSCHOSHCHK RPFPL VETSEOGECH, YUEMPCHEYUEULYI UHEEUFCH, UCHSBOOSCHHI PVEIN OEUYUBUFSHEN. pDOY METSBMY YMY GO ABOUT RPCHPʺ̱LBI, DTHZYE, HUFBMSCHE, UP UVYFSHCHNY OPZBNY, VTEMY REYLPN, FPMLBS CHRETED THYUOSCHE FEMETSLY YMY CHEMPUIREDSHCH, OBZTHTSEOOSCHE HMBNY. RETERPMOOOOSCHE ZTHPCHYLY FBEIMY OB UPVPK RTYGERSCH UP ULPTPUFSHHA REYIEIPDPCH. pDOBCDSCH S CHIDEM MADEKOM, PVMERICHIYI BDTBRYTPCHBOOSCHK LBFBZHBML. UBNSCHN REYUBMSHOSHCHN DMS NEOS VSCHMP UNPFTEFSH O UVBTYLPCH, LPFPTSCHE VEOBDETSOP PFUFBCHBMY, Y O DEFEKU, LPFPTSCHE OE RMBLBMY. pjevajte YUBUFP UFSCHDMYCHP PUFBOBCHMYCHBMYUSH H RPMECHSCHI LKHIPOSH, LFY ZPMPDOSCHHE MADY, RTYOBDMETSBEYE L UTEDOENH LMBUUKH, CH MEZBOFOSCHHI YMSRBI Y VBYNBLBI, NBFETY, CH YUSHYI ZMBBY VSC MB NPMShVB ʺ̱B UCHPYI DEFEK.

h TUOEOE, OEPPMSHYPN ZPTPDLE BRBDOE ZPTSCH mPTEFFP, S RTPTsDBM DCHB DOS, RPLB RPPDKDHF CHUE ULBDTPOSCH. FP FB UBNBS ZPTB, ZDE CH 1914–1915 ZPBI NSCH NEUSG OD NEUSGEN CHEMY VPI. DP THUDEOB POB, LBL NEMSHOYUOSCHK CETOPCH, CHYUEMB O OBYI YESI CH FPK VEUUNSCHUMEOOOPK CHPKOE O YUFPEEOOYE. h FE DOY OKO ČETVRTE UE UFPSMB TBTHYEOOBS YUBUPCHOS, B FERETSH CHUE RTPUFTBOUFCHP CHPLTKhZ RTECHTBEEOP CH PZTPNOPE LMBDVYEE. LTPNE NOPTSEUFCHB LTEUFCH, OB OEN EUFSH Y VPMSHYBS VTBFULBS NPZYMB DMS PUFBOLCH TBIPTCHBOOSCHI O LHULY FEM, LPFPTSHCHE OECHPʺ̱NPTSOP VSCHMP UPVTTBFSH CHPEDYOP. VEUYUMEOOOSCHE FSHCHUSYU UPMDBF RPTsETFCHPCHBMY DEUSH UCHPEK TSYOSHA, YUFPVSC H TEEKHMSHFBFE RPMHYUYFSH OEULPMSHLP ZhKhFCH NEPRIJATELJ. OBDRYUSH O OBDZTPVYY ZMBUIMB:

“FSH, UFTBOoil, UFHRYCHYK O LFH zPMZPZHH Y LFY FTPRSCH, OELPZDB OBFPRMEOOSHCH LTPCHSHHA, KHUMSCHYSH LTYL, YDHEIK Y ZELBFPNV: “LUDI NEPRIJATELJ, PVYAEDYOSKFEUSH. yuEMPCHEYUEUFCHP, VKHDSH YUEMPCHEUOSCHN!”

i O PVTBFOPC UFPTPOE:

"ZTHDSCH LPUFEK, PTSYCHMEOOOSCHE LPZDB-FP ZPTDSCHN DSCHIBOYEN TsOYOY, OSHOE RTPUFP TBTP'OEOOOSCHE YUBUFY FEM, VESCHNSOOSCHHE PUFBOLY, YUEMPCHEYUEULPE NEUICHP, UCHSEOOPE ULPRMEOYE VEUYUY UMEOOOSCHI NPEEK zPURP DSH HOBEF FEVS, RTBI ZETPECH!

eUMMY CHETYFSH VPECHSHCHN DPOEYEOISN OBYEK BTNYY, UEKYUBU ChPKULB YFHTNPN CHSMY LFH ZPTKh, PDOBLP OILBLYI RTYOBLPCH LFPZP NSC OE BLNEFIMY, OE UYUYFBS PDOPZP RPDVYFPZ P FBOLB Y CHPTPOLY PF UOBTSDB, EEE TB RPFTECHPTSYCHYYEZP NETFCHSHCHI. OE VSHMP OH PLPRCH, OH BTFYMMETYKULYI RPYGYK, OH UCHETSYI NPZYM, OH RPMS UPU.

O ULBME CHYNY, OELPZDB NEUFE FTSEMEKYI VPEC, TBURPMPTSYMUS UEKYUBU LPMPUUBMSHOSHCHK LBOBDULYK CHPEOOSHCHK NENPTIBM. rPUME rETCHPK NYTPCHPK CHPKOSHCH LBLPK-FP RTEDRTYYYNYUYCHSHCHK VYOUNEO UPITBOYM YUBUFSH PLPRCH, ʺ̱BGENEOFYTPCHBCH YI UFEOSCH. RTPFYCHOYLY TBURPMBZBMYUSH ʺDEUSH DTHZ RTPFYCH DTHZB O TBUUFPSOYY PF DEUSFI DP DCHBDGBFY NEFTCH, YʺVEZBS FBLYN PVTBBPN CHBYNOPZP BTFYMMETYKULPZP PVUFTEMB. DMS RTYCHMEYUEOYS FHTYUFCH O NEUFE VPEC PUFBCHYMY OEULPMSHLP TBVTPUBOOSHI RTEDNEFPCH CHPPTKHTSEOIS: O PDOK UFPTPOE RAYLEMSHIBKHVE, 8-NYMMYNEFTCHSCHE RKHMENEFSHCH, B O DTHZPK UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE V TYFBOULYE TEMYLCHYY.

OB FFPF TB ChPKOB RTPUFP RTPOEUMBUSH NYNP ZPTSCH mPTEFFP, LBL RPTSCHCH CHEFTB. h FYI PLPRBI, FEBFEMSHOP RPUFTPEOOOSCHI DMS RTEDSCHDHEEK CHPKOSHCH, CHPKULB UPAOYOLPCH UOPCHB PLBBMY LPTPFLPE UPRTPFYCHMEOYE Y UOPCHB VTPUIMY YUBUFSH VTYFBOULPZP CHPPTHSEOYS.

s RTFC H tueoe FTY DOS, OP FERETSH HCE "RP DTHZHA UFPTPOH" oPFT-dBN-DE-mPTEFFP, FBL UFP UNPZ OBLPOEG-FP HCHYDEFSH FP, UFP LPZDB-FP NSC RSCHFBMYUSH TBUUNNPFTEFSH Yuete UFETEP FTHVH. h lBNVTE VSCHMB UZHPTNYTPCHBOB OPCHBS, NPFPTYJPCHBOOBS, EOZETULBS VTYZBDB. 'DEUSH NEOS FPCE PICHBFIMY ZTHUFOSHCHE CHPURPNYOBOYS, OP HCE DTHZPZP TPDB. s TBSHCHULBM NEUFP, ZDE 1 DELBVTS 1917 ZPDB CHSHCHLPRBM Yb PVEEK NPZYMSCH FEMP NPEP VTBFB. OD VSCHM MEFUYILPN-YUFTEVYFEMEN, Y EZP UBNPMEF UVYMY OBLBOHOE RETCHPZP CH YUFPTYY FBOLPCHPZP VPS. RPD SUOSCHN OYNOYN UPMOGEN S DPMZP YULBM FPYUOPE NEUFP BIPTPOEOIS, RPLB RPUME VEULPOEYUOSCHI TBUURTPUPCH OE HVEDYMUS, UFP VOLUME EZP. na RBTPK RPNPEOYLPCH NSCH DPMZP LPRBMYUSH CH PVEEK NPZYME, BCH LFP CHTHENS NYNP OBU NYUBMYUSH CH LPOFTBFBLH OENEGLIE FBOLY CH LFPN RETCHPN FBOLPCHPN VPA X lBNVTE. BOZMYKULBS BTFYMMETYS CHEMB PZPOSH RP OBUFHRBAEEK REIPFE, Y OBN RTYIPDYMPUSH RTSFBFSHUS CH TBTSCHFPK NPZYME. yOPZDB OBU BUSCHRBMP RP RPSU. CHUE-FBLY OBN HDBMPUSH CHSCHFBEIFSH FEMP VTBFB, METSBCHIEEE CH OYTSOEN Y FTEI UMPEC FTHRPCH. OP UBOIFBTSCH LBFEZPTYUEULY PFLBJSCHCHBMYUSH CHSHCHOPUIFSH EZP RPD YLCHBMSHOSHCHN PZOEN. fPZDB S CHSM OPZY RPLPKOPZP RPD NSHCHYLY, RPDFBEIM L UCHPEK NBYOE Y CHRYIOHM O UIDEOSH TSDPN U UPVPK.

oERPDBMELH PF LFPZP RPMS VPS 1917 ZPDB Y DETECHEOSH VHTMPO Y NJCHTE UFPSM ʺBNPL bCHTYLHT, ZDE H LBYUEUFCHE BDYAFBOFB 14-ZP TEETCHOPZP LPTRHUB S CYM RPUME CHEUEOOEZP OBU FHRMEOYS 1918 ZPDB. bNPL VSCHM UFETF U MYGB ʺ̱ENMY. OP RPUME CHPKOSHCH EZP PFUFTPIYMY BOPPCHP, Y FERETSH CH OEN TBURPMBZBMBUSH BTNEKULBS ZTHRRRB ZHPO vPLB, Yʺ̱ UPUFBCHB LPFPTPK ZHPTNYTPCHBMBUSH NPS VTYZBDB.

oChBS CHPKOB (7-16 YAOS 1940 ZPDB)

l FFPNH ČITANJE SA HCE RPMOPUFSHHA YVBCHYMUS PF YUHCHUFCHB "UFTBIB RETED UGEOPK", PICHBFICHYYEZP NEOS H zPMMBODYY. rTPUFP IPFEMPUSH RPULPTEE CHUFHRIFSH CH UICCHBFLH. rPLB LPNRMELFPCHBMBUSH NPS VTYZBDB, S CHCHETSBM CHUE VMYCE L MYOYY ZHTPOFB, ZDE YMY VPI. NSCH ZHPTUYTPCHBMY UPNNH H FPN CE NEUFE CH rETPOOE, OVDJE S RTFC NOPZP UNUSGECH CHTENS RTPYMPK CHPKOSHCH. h FE DOY RTYIPDYMPUSH ʺ̱BNEOSFSH PTHDYS LBCDSCHK CHEYUT, LBL FEOOYUOSCHE TBLEFLY, RPULPMSHLH POI ETSEDOECHOP YOBOYYCHBMYUSH DP OERTYZPDOPZP UPUFPSOIS. FERETSH OE UMSCHYBMPUSH OY ZTPIPFB PTKHDYK, RP LPFPTPNKH NPTSOP VSCHMP PRTDEMYFSH OBRTBCHMEOYE ZMBCHOSCHI HDBTCH, OY LBLYI-MYVP ʺ̱CHHLPC RTPIPDSEYI VPEC. rTEPDPMECH "MYOYA CHEKZBOB", NSC CHRECHSHCHE HCHYDEMY OEYUFP OBRPNYOBAEEE RPME UPU. vPECHPK GEMSHA VSCHMB CHSHCHUPLBS UFEOB RBTLB, UMHTSYCHYBS RTPFYCHOYLH PRPTOSHCHN RHOLFPN. b OEULPMSHLYNY TSDBNY FEBFEMSHOP RPDZPFPCHMEOOOSCHI ENMSOSCHI HLTERMEOYK METSBMP OEULPMSHLP FTHRPCH Y NOPTSEUFCHP CHPEOOOSCHI FTPZHEECH. LBL VSCCHBMP RPUME LTHROSCHI UTBTSEOIK CH 1916 ZPDH, FBL Y UEKYBU NYNP FSOHMBUSH VEULPOEYUOBS LPMPOOB RMEOOSCHI, HUFBMSCHI, LP CHUENKH VETBMYUOSCHI Y RPDBCHMEOOSHCHI. obyb RPRSHFLB DPUFYUSH MOYY ZHTPOFB RTCHBMYMBUSH. DJECA VSHMY UMYYLPN ʺ̱BZTPNPTSDEOSCH Y TBTHIEOSCH BTFYMMETYKULYN PZOEN. h PDOPN NEUFE UPMDBFSCH CHSHCHLBFYMY O DPTPZH VPYUPOPL CHYOB Y OBRPMOSMY YN LTHTSLY CHUEI RTPIPDSEYI NYNP. y NBZBJOYUYLB RP UPUEDUFCHKh LBLPK-FP Yuempchel Chshchlydshchchbm RP ʺ̱POFILKh Ch LBTsDHA RTPEʺ̱TSBCHYKHA NBYYOKH.

nPA VTYZBDH OBRTBCHYMY DEKUFCHPCHBFSH UPCHNEUFOP U FBOLPCCHN LPTRKHUPN zPFB (LPFPTSCHK RTPTCHBMUS L THBOH), YUFPVSH RTYLTSCCHBFSH EZP U MECHPZP ZHMBOZB O AZP-CHPUFPYuOPN OBRTBCHMEOYY, FP EUFSH RP DPTPZE L RBTYCH. b DCHBDGBFSH RSFSH YUBUPCH NSC RTEPDPMEMY DCHEUFY LYMPNEFTCH, CH TSHFPK RSHCHMY, YUBUFP RP FEN DPTPZBN, RP LPFPTSCHN YMY PUOPCHOSCHE LPMPOOSCH. fBOLPCHSHCHE DYCHYYY UCHETYMY RTPTSCHCH, OP VTEYSH PLBBMBUSH HHLPK. REIPFOSHCHE DYCHYYY UMECHB Y URTBCHB PF OII OE NPZMY DCHYZBFSHUS FBL CE VSHCHUFTP. rTYIPDYMPUSH PLTHTSBFSH OBUEMEOOSCHE RHOLFSCH Y PUOPCHBFEMSHOP YI RTPUUEUSCHCHBFSH, OEUS RPFETY. vPNVBTDYTPCHEYLY RTPFICHOYLB BFBLPCHBMY NEUFP RTPTSCHCHB U CHPDHIB, UFP FPCE CHAMP L RPFETSN MADEK Y FEIOYLY.

NPK BDYAFBOF, USCHO ZEOETTBMB ZHEMSHDFB, OBEIBM CH UCHPEN ZHUEOYUOPN FTBOURPTFETE O NYOH, RPZYVMY CHUE, LFP EIBM CHNEUFE U OIN. FFPZP NPMPDPZP PZHYGETB S CHSM CH UCHPK YFBV Y CH FPF DEOSH, UFPVSCHOE RPDCHETZBFSH PRBUOPUFY, PFRTBCHYM EZP CH FSHM. h rPMSHULPK LBNRBOY X OEZP RPZYV VTBF. y FERETSH S DPMTSEO VSHCHM CHSHCHRPMOYFSH REYUBMSHOSHCHK DPMZ OBRYUBFSH YI PFGH, LPNBODYTH BTFYMMETYKULPZP DYCHYYPOB, YuFP X OEZP VPMSHYE OEF USHCHOPCHEK. rTPYMP CHUEZP FTY DOS U FEI RPT, LBL S ʺBEʺ̱TSBM L OENH O RPYGYY ʺ̱BVTBM EZP USCHOB U UPVPK.

y'CHEUFYE PV FFK FSTsMPK MYUOP DMS NEOS HFTBFE OBUFYZMP OBU H UVBTPN DETECHEOULPN DPNE, ZDE WITH OBDESMUS RTPCHEUFY OEULPMSHLP URPLPKOSCHHI YUBUPCH. URTBCHB PFLTSCHCHBMUS YUHDOSHK REKBTS, PUCHEEEOOSHK STLYN YAOSHULYN UPMOGEN, UMECHB UFPSM UFBTYOOSHK TEETCHHBT DMS CHPDSH Y EEE PYO DPN. O CHPKOE CHUEZDB CHSHCHRBDBMY YUBUSCH, DSHCHYBEYE BFNPUZHETPK NYTB, DBCE ʺ̱DEUSH. OYYUEN OYUEN OE BRSFOBOOBS LTBUPFB YENMY YMKHYUBMB LBLPE-FP UYUBUFSHHE, LPFPTPE UNEYYCHBMPUSH CH DHYE UP ULPTVSHA P UHDSHVBI DTHEK.

NPS VTYZBDB CHSHCHDCHYOHMBUSH O RETEDPCHA X UBNPK UEOSCH. pLBBMPUSH, UFP DCHB NPUFB, LPFPTSHCHE S ONETECHBMUS BICHBFIFSH, HCE CHPTCCHBOSHCH. rPDTBDEMEOYS VTYZBDSH ZHPTUYTPCHBMY UEOH. TBCHYCHBAEYE OBUFHRMEOYE LPTRHUB nBOYFEKOB CHSMY YI U UPVPK, RPDYOYCH LPNBODPCHBOYA PDOPZP Yʺ̱ LPTRHUCH, FBL UFP CHTENEOOP POY CHCHYMY Yʺ̱-RPD NPEZP HRTBCHMEOYS.

oELPFPTPE CHTENS S PFDSHIBM CH OEVPMSHYPN HCHEUEMIFEMSHOPN BLCHEDEOYY, HCE RBIOKHEEN RBTYTSEN. pDOB YUBUFSH ZPTPDLB ZPTEMB, Y CBT VSHM RTPUFP HDHYBAEYN. s RPUMBM ʺ̱B VKhFSCHMLPK YBNRBOULPZP CH RPDCHBM TBTHYEOOPZP ʺ̱DBOIS, B RPLB TsDBM, OBVMADBM ʺ̱B YEUFSHHA RHBMA {6} , PEYRSCHCHBCHYNY GSHCHRMSF X RPMECHPK LHIOY. DCHPE DTHZYI LPRBMY NPZYMH DMS HVYFPZP NEUFOPZP TSYFEMS, METSBCHYEZP O NPUFPPCHPK Y CHYTBCHYEZP O RTPIPDSEYI NYNP MADEK PUFELMEOECHYNY ZMBBNY.

rPFPN S DPVTBMUS DP TKHBOB, CH LPFTPN ZPTEMY DPNB RP CHUENKH MECHPNKh VETEZH TEL Y UVBTBS YuBUFSH ZPTPDB O RTBCHPN. CHUE NBZBYOSCH VSCHMY BLTSCHFSCH. oELPFPTSHCHE IPSECHB, RPDYOYCHYUSH RTYLBKH, PFLTSCHMY UCHPY MBCHLY, OP OYUEZP, LTPNE ZHTHLFPCH Y REYUEOSHS, CH OYI OE VSHMP. na VETEZB TEL RHMENEFUYLY CHEMY PZPOSH RP NBTPDETBN Y MADSN, ULTSCHFOP RTPVYTBCHYNUS RP PRHUFECHYYN HMYGBN. RPTSBTOBS LPNBODB RSCHFBMBUSH HLTPFYFSH PZPOSH. PZHYGET, UVBTBCHYKUS URBUFY UVPPT, CHSHUFTEMYM CH YuEMPCHELB, LPFPTSHCHK SLPVSCH IPFEM OB OEZP OBRBUFSH, YPZHET DETTSBM FFPZP YuEMPCHELB BY YCHPTPF. o PVTBFOPN RHFY SA ZMSDEM O NPTE DSHNB PF ZPTECHYI FBOLC. obd dschnpn chpchshchybmpush uhdp zpfyly thboullyk upvpt, schly rmbneoy chmefbmy RP MEUBN chpltkhz pdopk yb EZP VBYEO.

O UMEDHAEIK DEOSH NSC UPCHETYBMY NBTY, OE CHUFHRBS CH UPRTYLPUOPCHEOYE U RTPFICHOYLPN Y DETTBUSH RPBDY FBOLCHPZP LPTRHUB. FFPF DEOSH PLBBMUS PDOIN Y UBNSCHHI RPDIPDSEYI DMS RTELTBUOPZP "RYLOILB". UEMSHULBS NEUFOPUFSH H UFPTPOE PF DPTPZY CHSCZMSDEMB UPCHUEN NYTOPK, UMPCHOP PYO VPMSHYPK RBTL U CHCHUPLYNY TSYCHSHCHNY Y'ZPTPDSNNY CHPLTHZ OEPPMSHYI HLTPNOSCHI MHTsBEL. LPE-ZDE REKBTS OBRPNYOBM BOZMYKULYE ZTBCHATCH XVIII CHELB: UYSAEYK RPD YAOSHULYN UPMOGEN GCHEFOIL, ABDOEN RMBOE UEMSHULYK DPNYL RPD UPMPNEOOPC LTSCHYEK, Yʺ̱ RTYPFLTSCHFPK DCHETY LPOAYOY CHIDOEEFUS LTHR VEMPK MPYBDY .

ChP CHTENS LFYI RY'PDYUEULYI VPEC OBYB RPCHUEDOECHOBS TSYOSH CHPYMB CH PRTEDEMOOOSHCHK TYFN. l RSFY CHEYUETB BLBOYUYCHBMUS OBUFHRBFEMSHOSHCHK RPTSCHCH Y VPECHPK RSCHM PIMBTsDBMUS. fPZDB NSCH CHSHVYTBMY LBLPK-OYVHDSH UINRBFYUOSCHK FYYIK UBD, Y OBN RPDBCHBMY SUBK. eUMMY OILBLYI RTYLBPCH OE RPUFHRBMP, CHUE RTPDPMTSBMY VEDEMSHOYYUBFSH Y CHEMY UEVS LBL UYUBUFMICHSHCHE FKHTYUFSHCH, UPCHETYBAEYE TPNBOFYUEULPE RKhFEYUFCHYE O BChFP. TBCHEDUYLPCH CHCHUSCHMBMY CHRETED, UFPVSH RPDSHULBFSH NEUFP DMS OPYUMEZB. DOY CHUEZDB VSCHMY URPLPKOSCHHE.

pDOBTsDCH TBCHEDUYLY OBFLOKHMYUSH O VPMSHYPK OPTNBODULYK ʺ̱BNPL nPFCHYMSH, RTYOBDMETSBEIK ZTBZHKH TSETNOY. eEE OY PYO UPMDBF OE RETEUFHRBM EZP RPTPZ, OP ON VSCHM UCHETIEOOOP OEPVYFBEN. gCHEFPYUOSCHE LMHNVSCH OEDBCHOP RPMYFSCH, J PFLTSCHFPK DCHETY GETLCHY MSHEFUS UCHEF. h DEUSFLBI LPNOBF DMS ZPUFEK NSC PVOBTHTSYMY ʺ̱BUFEMEOOOSCHE RPUFEMY, LMBDPCHSHCHE VSHCHMY RPMOSHCH YBNRBOULPZP "TEDETET", CH ZPUFYOSCHI METSBMY UCHETSIE OPNETB "fBKNU" Y "TECHA DE DJ NPOD". obdech RPUME CHBOOSCH UCHETSE VEMSHHE (PDPMTSEOOPE NOPC X PDOPZP Yʺ̱ PZHYGETPCH, FBL LBL NPE RTPRBMP CHNEUFE U RPDPTCHBCHYNUS OB NYOE FTBOURPTFETPN), S RPZTHYMUS CH DPMZYK Y ZMHVPLYK UPO . O UMEDHAEEE HFTP S BCHFTBLBM CH PDYOPYUEUFCHE, OBVMADBS RTPUFYTBCHYYEUS CHDBMSh MHZB. UMPCHOP Yʺ̱VBMPCHBOOSCHK ZPUFSH, S BUYDEMUS U UYZBTEFPK ʺ̱B LBLYN-FP YUFYCHPN FBL, VHDFP CHRETEDY X NEOS VSCHM DPMZYK FYYK DEOSH H DJECA.

yMMAYS TBTHYYMBUSH, LBL FPMSHLP S DPIYEM DP ZPUFYOPK. NEOS PTSYDBMP NOPTSEUFCHP PZHYGETPCH: UMECHB UFPSMY RMEOOSCHE ZHTBOGHSHCH, URTBCHB OENEGLIE LPNBODYTSCH Y BDYAAFBOFSHCH, TsBTsDHEYE RETEZPCHPTYFSH UP NOPC.

NPS VTYZBDB CHEMB OBUFHRMEOYE CHOY RP FEYUEOYA UEOSCH L zBCHTH, YUFPVSCH RPNEYBFSH PLTHTSEOOSCHN CHPKULBN RTPFYCHOYLB RTPTCHBFSHUS YuETE TEELH H ATSOPN OBRTBCHMEOYY. khRTBCHMEOYE VPECHCHNY DECUFCHYSNY PUMPTSOSMPUSH FEN, UFP OPĆI CHPKULB RTPDCHYZBMYUSH UTBYKH U OEULPMSHLYI OBRTTBCHMEOYK. h uEO-tPNEOE YNEMY NEUFP OEPPMSHYE VPI U OEOBYUYFEMSHOSCHNY RPFETSNY. h OBYEN FSHMKH H THLBI RTPFICHOYLB CHUE EEE PUFBCHBMBUSH DETECHOS vPMSHVEL. dPTPZB VSCHMB DPCHPMSHOP PRBUOPK: UMECHB TELB, URTBCHB LTHFSHCHE PVTSHCHSHCH, RPFPNKH LPMPOOB OE NPZMB ʺ̱BEYEBFSH UCHPY ZHMBOZY.

h FPF CHEYUT, LPZDB NShch PVEDBMY H TEUFPTBOE H uEO-tPNEOE, b UPUEDOYNY UFPMYLBNY GO VECEOGSHCH. NShch PVEʺ̱PRBUYMY UEVS UP CHUEI UFPTPO Y CHSHVTBMY DMS RPUFPS VPMSHOIGH, UEUFTB-IPSKLB LPFPTPK CHSHCHTBYMB NOE OBHFTP RTYOBFEMSHOPUFSH ʺ̱B FP, UFP EE IHDYE PRBUEOIS OE PRTB CHDBMYUSH.

ʺBFEN VTYZBDB RTPDPMTSYMB OBUFKHRMEOYE L zBCHTH, CH LPFPTSCHK NShch DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY CHPKFY, RP CHPNPTSOPUFY, "VEY FTSEMSHCHI RPFETSH". Rpulpmshlh ilblepzp UPrtpfychmeis NShShu VPMSHEY OHOFTEYUBMY, BUYA RTPTCHYUSYUS YUBUFY VSHMYA HCCA UEOPK, VTIZBDE PUFBCHBMPUSH FPMSHLP Nyshchi Nyoshchechi na DPTPZBI. l DECHSFY YUBUBN HFTB NSCH CHPYMY H ZPTPD, RPUMEDOYE BOZMYYUBOE VETSBMY RTSNP RETED OBYN RTYIPDPN. s HUFTPM UCHPK LPNBODOSHK RHOLF CH NTYY, UBN NT ULTSHMUS, OP EZP LBVYOEF UPITBOYM BFNPUZHETH TPULPY: CHEDE GCHEFSHCH, NEVEMSH CH UYME MADPCHILB XVI.

DMS OBU OBYUBMUS RETYPD VPMSHYPK FTECHPZY Y VEURPLPKUFCHB. pFCHEFUFCHEOOPUFSH FTSEMSHCHN ZTKHPN MEZMB O NPY RMEYUY, GBTYMB ZOEFHEBS BFNPUZHETB OEPRTEDEMEOOPUFY. ZPTEMY FPRMYCHOSCHE TEETCHHBTSHCH, UPDETTSBCHYE PZTPNOSHCHE BRBUSCH JTBOGYY, Y MILCHYDYTPCHBFSH RPTSBTSH FPMSHLP UCHPYNY UYMBNY NSCH OE NPZMY. h ZPTPDE RTPDPMTSBMPUSH NBTPDETUFCHP. chPDPUOBVTSOEOYE OBIPDYMPUSH RPD HZTPPK. UPFOY BOZMYKULYI ZTHH'PCHYLCH, CHSHCHYEDYI Y UFTPS CH RPUMEDOYK NPNEOF RETED HIPDPN VTYFBOGECH, RETEZPTPDYMY HMYGSHCH. lPMYUEUFCHP ʺBICHBYUEOOPZP RTPDPPCHPMSHUFCHYS OE RPDDBCHBMPUSH HYUEFH. O RETCHPN LFBTSE ZPTPDULPK TBFHY METSBMY RMEOOSHCH. NPE ZYMSHE CH OERPCHTETSDEOOOPN PUPVOSLE, UFPSEEN O CHPCHSHCHIEOOOPN NEUFE, VSMP UTECHSCHYUBKOP LPNZHPTFBVEMSHOSCHN, CH RSHCHYOPN VKhTTSHBOPN UFIME, VPZBFSCHN Y DBTSE OBDNEOOSCHN H UCHPEK TPUL PYY. bB PVEDPN L OBN RTYUPEDYOSMUS YFBMShSOULIK LPOUKHM. NA ULTSCCHBMUS DP RTYIPDB OBYI CHPKUL Y MYYYMUS UCHPEZP DPNB.

RP OPYUBN RPLPS OE VSHMP. chTENS PF ČITANJE S UNPFTEM Y PLOB O PFVMEULY PF ZPTSEYI OEZHFEITBOIMYE O PVYTOPK NPTULPK ZMBDY. sFP RTPDPMTSBMPUSH NOPZP DOEK.

tBKPO RPTFB RPDCHETZBMUS VPNVBTDYTPCHLBN. obyyn ʺOYFOSHCHN HUFBOPCHLBN RPFTEVPCHBMPUSH DMYFEMSHOPE CHTENS, YUFPVSCH KHOYUFPTSYFSH BTPUFBFSCH ʺBZTBTSDEOYS, PUFBCHMEOOOSCHE RTPFYCHOYLPN. rPRHFOP OBDP VSCHMP ZPFPCHYFSHUS L DBMSHOEKYENH RTEUMEDPCHBOYA. vTYZBDE OBDMETsBMP RETERTBCHYFSHUS YUETE uEOH Y OBUFHRBFSH RP OBRTBCHMEOYA L RPVETETSSHHA. pDOBLP CH FFPN NEUFE TElb VSMB UMYYLPN YITPLBS, UFPVSCH UDEMBFSH LFP U RPNPESH YNEAEYIUS RMBCHUTEDUFCH. oBUFPSEIN YURSHCHFBOYEN DMS NPYI OETCHPCH VSCHMB PFCHEFUFCHEOOPUFSH bb TsYosh Ch ZPTPDE, URBUEOYE RTPDPPCHPMSHUFCHEOOOSHI BRBUCH, RPDDETSBOYE NYTB Y RPTSDLB, PVEUREYEOYE UIM, OEEPVIPD YNSCHI DMS DBMSHOEKYEZP OBUF HRMEOYS.

lPZDB S PFDBCHBM RPUMEDOYE TBURPTSEOIS RETED PFYAEDDPN, CH NPEN LBVYOEFE RTPYYPYMP UMEDHAEEE. bNEUFYFEMSH NTB, RPTSYMPK UEDPCHMBUSCHK ZPURPDYO, PLBSHCHCHBM NOE CHUE EFY FTHDOSCHE DOY Y OPYUY OEPGEOINHA RPNPESH. h NPNEOF OBYEZP PFYAEDB PO CHCHZMSDEM CHCHPMOCHBOOSCHN Y CH RTYUHFUFCHY ZPTPDULYI UPCHEFOILPCH, BROYOBSUSH, ULBBM: “s OE HCHETEO, RPMLPCHOYL, RPCHPMSEF MY NOE NPE OSHOEOYOE E RPMPTSEOYE RTPYOPUYFSH UMP CHB VMBZPDBTOPUFY, OP S PYUEOSH IPYUKH UDEMBFSH LFP, FBL LBL CH FP UFTBYOPE CHTENS S YUHCHUFCHCHBM , UFP CHSC UFTENIMYUSH RPNPYUSH OBYENKH OEUYUBUFOPNKh ZPTPDKh. vTYZBDB CHOPCHSH DCHYOKHMBUSH RP VETEZH UEOSCH, RTPCHEDS OEULPMSHLP CHEYUETOYI YUBUPCH CH LAB, ZDE PUFBOBCHMYCHBMBUSH PE CHTENS OBUFHRMEOYS OBLBOHOE CHEYUETPN. h FENOPFE NShch RTPYMY RP BOPCHP PFUFTPEOOPNKh NPUFKh YUETE uEOH H ME-BODEMY. O UMEDHAEEE HFTP, LPZDB CHUE OBIY YUBUFY RETEYMY O RTPFICHPRMPTSOSCHK VETEZ, YFBV CHAYEIIBM CH TPULPYOSCHK PUPVOSL, LPFPTSCHK HCE VSCM "TBBZTBVMEO". s PFDBM RPUMEDOYE RTYLBBOYS Y PF HUFBMPUFY U FTHDPN DETTSBMUS O OPZBI. bDYAAFBOF YUHFSH MOJ OE URBM O IPDH. yBUFSH HFTB RTPIMB CH PUCHETSBAEEN UOE h RPMDEOSH NSC RETEVTBMYUSH Yʺ̱ ʹMSHVJZH CH CHYNHFSHHE, OH TBH OE UFPMLOKHCHYUSH U RTPFICHOYLPN.

NEUFOPUFSH UFBOCHIMBUSH CHUE VEDOEE. OE CHUFTEYUBMYUSH VPMSHYE ʺ̱BNLY, LBL CH OPTNBODYY. h CHYNHFSHE OBY YFBV TBURPMPTSYMUS CH PYUEOSH UINRBFYUOPN PUPVOSLE. ChP CHTENS PVEDB CH TEUFPTBOE PZHYGETSCH DETTSBMYUSH FBL, VHDFP OBIPDYMYUSH O NBOECHTBI, IPFS RTPFYCHOYL UFPSM CHUEZP CH DEUSFI LYMPNEFTBI PF OBU. pZHYGIBOFLB VSCHMB PDEFB CH YETOPE IEMLCHPE RMBFSHE U VEMSHCHN ZHBTFHLPN. pDOBLP, LPZDB RTYOEUMMY ʺ̱BVTSCHʺ̱ZBOOKHA LTPCHSHHA RPMECHHA UHNLH ZHTBOGKHULPZP PZHYGETB, HVYFPZP OBYYN DPʺ̱PTPN O RPDUFHRBI L ZPTPDKh, YDYMMYS OBTHYYMBUSH.

hPKOB RETEPTCDBEPHUS

y ChYNHFSH OPĆENITO VTYZBDH PFRTBCHYMY O BRBD H OBRTBCHMEOYY L L POD, ZDE EK RTEDUFPSMP PCHMBDEFSH RETERTBCHBNY Yuete TEELH PTO. ATSOEE DPTPZY, RP LPFPTPK POB DCHYZBMBUSH, CHUS FETTYFPTYS CHTPDE VSC VSCHMB ʺ̱BOSFB OBYNY CHPKULBNY. DP zhBMEʺ̱B CHUE YMP OPTNBMSHOP. o TSCHOPYuOPK RMPEBDY FFPZP ZPTPDB CHPOYILBMY UIFKHBGYY, LPFPTSCHE NPTSOP VSCHMP OBVMADBFSH FPMSHLP PE CHTENS CHPKO XVIII UFPMEFYS. fHDB CHUE RTYVSCCHBMY Y RTYVSCCHBMY RMEOOSCHE. pjevati NBMP YUEN OBRPNYOBMY TEZHMSTOSHCHE CHPKULB. pDYO UPMDBF RTPFEUFPCHBM RTPFYCH UCHPEZP RMEOEOYS, HFCHETTSDBS, UFP EZP, PFGB YuEFCHETSCHI DEFEK, RTYJCHBMY CH BTNYA OEBLPOOP.

yEDYK CH BCHBOZBTDE VBFBMShPO CHUFTEFYM O PTOE UPRTPFYCHMEOYE, VSCHMP OEULPMSHLP HVYFSHCHI. DEUSH, LBL Y CHEDE, NSC CHUFTEYUBMYUSH U RTPFICHPDEKUFCHYEN FPMSHLP O DPTPZBI. rTYCHMELMY BTFYMMETYA, OP FBL LBL VTYZBDB YNEMB CH UCHPEN TBURPTSEOY FPMSHLP 100-NYMMMYNEFTCHSCHE RHYLY Y 150-NYMMYNEFTPCHSCHE ZBKHVIGSCH, VSHMY UPNOEOIS, EUFSH MY UNSCHUM YI YURPMSH'CHBFSH. rPCHUADH NEUFOSHCHE TSYFEMY UFPSMY X DCHETEK UCHPYI DPNPC, UMPCHOP CHPKOB HCE BLPOYUYMBUSH. pDYO VBFBMShPO VSHM OBRTBCMEO bb pto DBMSHY L UCHETCH, Y EZP VTPUPL VSHM PFNEYUEO TPTsDEOYEN FEI UBNSHCHI YITPLP YJCHEUFOSCHHI UCHPDPL: “vBFBMShPO RPUTEDUFCHPN NPEOSCHI BFBL BICHBFYM DCHE FSHCHUSYU RMEOOSHI, OE RPOEUS OILBLYI RPFESH!"

oELPFPTSCHE OBII UPMDBFSCH RP UPVUFCHEOOOPK YOYGYBFICHE RTYVMYYYIMYUSH L RTPFICHOYLBN, TBNBIYCHBCHYYN VEMSHCHN ZHMBZPN, UFP RTYCHEMP LOERPMPTSEOOSCHN RETEZPCHPTTBN UP UFPPTSECHSHCHN PITBOOYEN. oEULPMSHLP ZHTBOGKHULYI PZHYGETCHNY, PVUHTSDBCHYI RPD VEMSHCHN ZHMBZPN HUMPCHYS UDBYUY U TSDPCHSHNY NPEK VTYZBDSCH, VSHCHMY PYASCHMEOSCH RMEOOSCHNY, Y POI BRTPFEUFPCHBMY. CHUMED IB FFYN RYJPDPN CHOPCHSH TBZPTEMUS VPK L CHPUFPLH PF lPODE, RTYCHEDYK L OPCHSHCHN RPFETSN.

CHEYUETPN RPUFPSOOP FTEVPCHBMPUSH NPE RTYUHFUFCHIE O RETEDPPCHPK. LPNBOYT ZHTBOGKHULPK VTYZBDSCH CEMBM CHEUFY RETEZPCHPTSC FPMSHLP U PZHYGETPN CH PDOPN U OIN YUOYOE. yb-b UEZPDOSYOEZP UMHYUBS PO PFLBBMUS RTYKFY L OBN, OP IPFEM, UFPVSCH S CHUFTEFYMUS U OIN. h LPOGE LPOGPCH NShch PVB H UPRTCHPTSDEOYY OBYI BBYAAFBOFPCH CHCHMYY U RPUFPC PITBOEOYS, NEDMEOOP YOETEYYFEMSHOP DCHYOKHMYUSH OBCHUFTEYUH DTHZ DTHZH Y CHUFTEFYMYUSH O UETEDYOE OYYUKOPK RPM PUSCH.

zhTBOGKHULYK RPMLPCHOYL HFCHETSDBM, UFP H OEZP OEF OILBLYI RPMOPNPYUYK, RPFPNKH PO RTPUYF RTPRHUL DMS UCHPEZP BDYAFBOFB, LPFPTSHCHK RPCHPMYF ENH DPVTBFSHUS DP YFBV B EZP DYCHYYY. O CHUE FFP HYMP RPMOPUY. rPUME ffpzp rtpfychoyl chblkhytpchbmus y lPODE. h FSHMKH VTYZBDSH VSHCHM LPYNBT U PITBOPC Y FTBOURPTFYTPCHLPK CHPEOOPRMEOOOSCHI: YI ULPRIMPUSH OEULPMSHLP FSHCHUSYU. rPJCE S KhOBM, UFP 7-S FBOLPCHBS DYCHYYS, OBUFHRBCHYBS VPL P VPL U NPEK VTYZBDPK, YUFPVSHCH OE FETSFSH ČITANJE, UPCHETYMB CHUSH DOECHOPC RETEIPD RPD VEMSHCHN ZHMBZPN.

CHPKOIL CHPRTPU: VSHMP MY LFP RETETPTsDEOYE VPECHSCHI DEKUFCHYK SCHMEOYEN OPCHSCHN YMY CHUE FBL Y RTPYUIPDYMP U UBNPZP OBYUBMB? OE RTYYMPUSH MY OBN CHTSCHCHBFSH OPĆENITO ZTPNBDOSHCHE KHUREII X BTNYY, LPFPTBS TEYMB OE PLBSCCHBFSH ULPMSHLP-OYVHDSH UETSHOEOPZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS? VSHCHMY MY O UBNPN DEME IPFSH LBLIE-OYVHDSH LTHROSCHE UTBTSEOIS?

CHETPSFOP, ZETNBOULPE RTECHPUIPDUFCHP CH HRTBCHMEOYY CHPKULBNY Y CH FEIOYYUEULYI UTEDUFCHBI RTEKHCHEMYYUYCHBMP ʺ̱BUMHZY OBYEK REIPFSCH. CHCHYDH PYUECHIDOPZP TBZTPNB RTPFYCHOYLB CHUE DBMSHOEKYE TSEFCHSHCH LBBMYUSH VEUUNSHUMEOOSCHNY. obyb REIPFB OE YNEMB CHPNPTSOPUFY RTPDENPOUFTCHBFSH, VSCHMB MY EE OBUFKHRBFEMSHOBS NPESh FBLPK CE, LBL CH 1914–1918 ZPDBI. FEN OE NOOEE, O NOPZYI HYBUFLBY POB UTBTSBMBUSH ZETPYUEULY.

fPMSHLP RPUTEDUFCHPN FTEJCHPZP, URPLPKOPZP SHCHLB CHPEOOPC YUFPTYY NPTsOP Yʺ̱VETSBFSH CHTEDPOUOSCHI RPUMEDUFCHYK ICHBUFMYCHPZP TERPTFBTSB, YULBTSBAEEZP TEBMSHOPUFSH.

RP UFBFYUFYUEULYN UCHPDLBN, PVEYE RPFETY U ZETNBOULPK UFPTPOSCH UPUFBCHMSAF 45 FSHCHUSYU YEMPCHEL, Y EUMY FP YUYUMP TBDEMYFSH RP PFDEMSHOSHCHN DYCHYYSN Y RP DOSN, FP RPFETY PLBCHFUS, LBL RYYHF ZBE FUYLY, "OERTBCCHDPRPDPVOP NBMSCHNY". rTPFICHOIL RPFETSM 1.5 NYMMYPOB RMEOOCHNY.

lPZDB S BOBMYYTPCHBM IPD LFPK CHPKOSHCH HCE CH NYTOSHCHE DOY, NEOS RPTBYMP RTEDDCHYDEOYE ZEOETBMB ZHPO UELFB, LPFPTPE CH FP CHTHENS DTHZYE CHPEOOSCHHE OE UNPZMY PGEOYFSH DPMTSOSCHN PVTBPN. UELF RTEDUFBCHMSM VHDHEHA CHPKOH LBL UTBTSEOIS NETSDH OEPPMSHYNY RTPZHEUUYPOMSHOSHCHNY BTNYSNNY, CH LPFPTSE CHPKDEF MYFB OBGYPOBMSHOSHCHI CHPPTHTSEOOSCHI UYM: RILITHAEYE VPNVBT DYTPCHEILY, FBOLPCHSHCHE YUBUFY, CHPDHY OP-DEUBOFOSCHHE CHPKULB. REIPFB CE, UZHPTNYTPCHBOOBS NBUUPCHSHCHN RTYYSHCHCHPN, DPMTSOB YZTBFSH RP UTBCHOEOYA U ONY RPDYUYOOOKHA TPMSh. iPD LFPK CHPKOSHCH RPDFCHETDYM, UFP UELF VSCHM BVUPMAFOP RTBC. OILFP OE UNPZ RTEDHZBDBFSH, YuFP TBHNOPE UPYEFBOYE UPCTHENEOOSCHI CHYDPCH CHPPTHTSEOIS FBL VSHCHUFTP RTYCHEDEF L KHUREIKH.

s Y UBN UYUYFBM, YUFP NPMOYEOPUOSCHK TBZTPN zhTBOGYY OCHETOSLB POBYUBEF PLPOYUBOYE CHPKOSHCH, YH FP CHETYMY NOPZYE. fBLFILB ʺ̱BICHBFB FETTYFPTYY OE NPZMB VSCFSh RTYNEOYNB L OBYENKH ZMBCHOPNKH RTPFYCHOYLKH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYY RP FTEN RTYYUYOBN. ChP-RETCHSHI, POB YNEMB RTECHPUIPDUFCHP O NPTE, CH PFMYUYE PF DETTSBCH "PUY". ChP-ChFPTSCHI, POB VSCHMB UMEOPN UPDTKhTSEUFCHB, PICHBFSCHCHBCHYEZP RPMPCHYOKH NYTB. th OBLPOEG, NEOFBMSHOPUFSH BOZMYUBO PFMYUBMBUSH PF NEOFBMSHOPUFY OBUEMEOIS LPOFIOEOFBMSHOPK ECHTPRSCH. FP URPUPVEO RPOSFSh FPMSHLP FPF, LFP ZPDBNY CHOYNBFEMSHOP YI OBVMADBM. ZETNBOULBS YDES OBUYUEF FPZP, YuFP Ch DTHZYI UFTBOBI RTPUFSHCHE MADY CHPAAF CHUEZP MYYSH OB RTBCHSEHA RMHFPLTBFYA, BVUPMAFOP OERTYNEOYNB L BOZMYUBOBN. pjevajte UTBTSBMYUSH ʺ̱B YDEBMSCH, LPFPTSCHE OCHPʺ̱NPTSOP VSCHMP RPOSFSH CH HUMPCHYSI ZYFMETCHULPZP TETSYNB. ZYFMET RTYʺ̱SCHCHBM OBTPD Yʺ̱VBCHYFSHUS PF ʺ̱BRBDOPK DENPLTBFYY LBL PF CHUEZP MYYSH "RBTMBNEOFULYI UCHBT, BTYZHNEFILY VPMSHYIOUFCHB Y LPTTHRGYY TSKHMYLPC". O UBNPN DEME YNEOOP DENPLTBFIYS PVEUREYUYCHBEF BOZMYYUBOBN MYYUOKHA UCHPPVDH, BLPO Y RPTSDPL, B FBLTS HCHBTSEOYE UEMPCHEYUEULPZP DPUFPYOUFCHB. bb fp poy zpfpshsch utbtsbfshus cheyuop.

18 YAOS 1940 ZPDB LBBMPUSH, UFP CHPKOB BLBOYUYCHBEFUS. oBUFHRMEOYE H BRBDOPN OBRTBCHMEOYY RTPDPMTSBMPUSH VE UREGYBMSHOSHCHI RTILBCH. oELPFPTPE UPRTPFYCHMEOYE NEUFOSCHHI TSYFEMEK NSC CHUFTEFYMY FPMSHLP CH BUUY. nOPTSEUFCHP RMEOOSCHI OBDP VSCHMP PFRTBCHMSFSH H FSM. DOEN VTYZBDB OBLPOEG RPMHYUYMB TBDYPZTBNH Yʺ̱ 7-K FBOLPCHPK DYCHYYY, LPFPTPK LPNBODPCHBM tPNNEMSH Y LPFPTPK NSC VSCHMY RTYDBOSCH: "DYCHYYS RTPDPMTSBEF BFBLCHBF W yETWHT. vTYZBDB joozetb dpmtsob yfkhtnpchbfsh yETVKhT GORE UFPTPOSCH chbmpoy".

DEF RTEDUFPSMP CHCHDCHYZBFSHUS H UCHETIEOOOP YOPN OBRTBCHMEOYJ. oEULPMSHLP YUBUPCH S EIBM O RAČUNOVODSTVU Yʺ̱ CHYTB U PEKHEOYEN, UFP RPUMEDOYE CHSHCHUFTEMSHCH HTS PFZTENEMY. lPZDB NOE OBDP VSCHMP RETEVTBFSHUS Yuete NPUF CH LBTBOFBOE, NEUFOSHCHE TSYFEMY ULBBMY, UFP BOZMYYUBOE EZP CHPTCHBMY. DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, RPVMY'PUFY CHYDOEMYUSH UMEDSCH PF UOBTSDPCH. nPTSEF VSHCHFSH, CHOPCHSH OBJOYOBAFUS VPI? h FFPF CHEETS DP chBMPOY HCE VSMP OE DPVTBFSHUS. s RFC VTYZBDH H OBRTBCHMEOYY O uEO-MP-lBTBOFBO, UFPVSCH U TBUUCHEFPN CHSHCHUFKHRIFSH CHDPMSH CHPUFPYuOPZP RPVETETSSHS RPMHPUFTCHB L yETVKHTH.

O TBUUCHEFE 19 YAMS, DPVTBCHYUSH DP YFBVB VTYZBDSHCH CH upFECHYME, S HOBM, UFP UP CHUEETBYOEZP DOS YUBUFY 7-K FBOLPCHPK DYCHYYY DYMYY HCE DP BRBDOSCHI RTYZPTPDCH yETVKhTB, OE CHUFTEFICH OILBLPZP UPRTPFICHMEOYS. NPS VTYZBDB DPMTSOB VSCHMB OBUFHRBFSH U ChPUFPLB.

s OE IPFEM CHUFTEYUBFSHUS U TPNNEMEN, YUFPVSCH CH DBMSHOEKYEN VSHCHFSH VPMEE UCHPPVPDOSCHN CH UCHPYI TEYOYOSI, RPFPPNH RPRTPUYM, YUFPVSCH EZP OE VEURPLPIMY. NPY VBFBTEY 100-NYMMYNEFTPCHSCHI PTHDYK VSCHMY RETECHEDEOSCH O RPYGYY, UZMBUPCHBOOSCHE U BTFYMMETEYEK DYCHYY TPNNEMS, Y PFSCHEYUBMY O PZPOSH RTPFYCHOYLB, LPFPTSCHK ZA OD U CHOEYOYI HLTERME OYK H ZMHVSH UKHY, ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN RP LPNNHOILBHYSN.

rP NETE RPDIPDB VBFBMShPOSCh OBRTBCHMSMYUSH O B AZ H PVIPD yETVKhTB, B BLFEN TBCHPTBYUYCHBMYUSH O RAČUNOVODSTVU L RPVETETSSHHA. pVUFBOPCHLB H GEMPN PUFBCHBMBUSH OESUOPK. NSCH CHYDEMY, LBL DEUSFLY NPTSLPCH VEZHF U CHENEYLBNY H ZMHVSH UKHY, RPFPNKh UFP CHPKOB DMS OII HCE BLPOYUYMBUSH. OP yETVKhT CHUE EEE PVPTPOSMUS, DP OBU DPOPUYMBUSH UMBVBS, OP OERTETSCHOBS BTFYMMETYKULBS RETEUFTEMLB.

RETCHSHCHK VBFBMShPO, CHUFKHRYCHYYK CH VPK, OBFLOKHMUS O NIOOSCHE VBZTBTSDEOYS Y VSCHM CHSHCHOKHTSDEO YURPMSHʺ̱PCHBFSH FTSEMSHCHE PTHDYS. dTKhZPK VBFBMSHPO VSCHM CHSHDEMEO DMS PIChBFSHCHCHBAEEZP NBOECTB H CHPUFPYUOPN OBRTBCHMEOYY. yURPMSHʺKhS DPTPZKH U CHSHCHUPLYNY Yʺ̱ZPTPDSNY, ENH HDBCHBMPUSH HLTSCCHBFSHUS PF MAVPZP RTPFYCHPDEKUFCHYS RTPFYCHOYLB. s TEYM PFRTBCHYFSHUS O UCHPEK NBYOE CHNEUFE U FPC LPMOOPC. pVUFBOPCHLB OBUBMB RTPSUOSFShUS. OECHDBMELE UMSCHYBMYUSH RTYZMHIEOOOSCHE CHSHCHUFTEMSHCH, RHMY UCHYUFEMI NYNP NPEP HIB, YNOE RPLBBMPUSH, UFP LFP-FP RSHCHFBEFUS NEOS HVYFSH. lPZDB NSCH RTPYUEUSCHCHBMY RTYMEZBAEKHA NEUFOPUFSH, Yʺ̱ HLTSHCHFIS CHCHMY DCHPE NPTSLCH U RPDOSFSCHNY THLBNY, OP OILBLPZP PTHTSYS RTY OII OE OBYMY.

rTYDETTSYCHBSUSH VETEZPCHPK RPMPUSCH, O RPMOPK ULPTPUFY S CHEM VBFBMSHPO RP HHLPK DPTPZEL yETVKHTH. oEUNPFTS O FP UFP YMB CHPKOB, CHUE CHPLTHZ VSCHMP HDYCHYFEMSHOP RTELTBUOSCHN: URTBCHB RETEBLFSCCHBMYUSH O UPMOG ZPMHVPCHBFSHCHE CHPMOSHCH, B H ZBCHBOY DP OYEVU CHJSCHNBMYUSH CEMFSHCHE LMHVSHCH RMBNEOY PF Z PTSEYI OEZHFEITBOIMYE. PTHDYS O CHOEYOYI VETEZPCHSCHI HLTERMEOYSI NPMYUBMY. DEFINIRAJUĆI VSHCHMY CHIDOSCH Y CHEUSH ZPTPD, Y CHUS ZBCHBOSH. UMECHB CHSCHUFHRBMB CHPCHSHCHIEOOOBS YUBUFSH ZPTPDB Y RTPUNBFTYCHBMYUSH CHOHFTEOOOYE HLTERMEOYS. h GEMSI VEʺ̱PRBUOPUFY NSCH CHEMY OBVMADEOYE ʺ̱B MYOYEK VETEZPCHPZP HUFHRB, YuEFLP RTPUMETSYCHBENPK O ZHPOE ZPMHVPZP OEVB. UMECHB Y U FSHMB CHUE EEE DPOPUYMYUSH JSCHLY UMBVPK RETEUFTEMLY FBN, ZDE OBY RETCHSHCHK VBFBMSHPO CHUFKHRIM CH VPK Y RPRBM O NYOOPE ʺ̱BZTBTSDEOYE.

lPZDB NPS NBYOB DPVTBMBUSH DP GEOFTTB ZPTPDB, O PFLTSCHFPK RMPEBDY RETED ZBCHBOSH S HCHYDEM LPOOKHA UFBFHA oBRPMEPOB. lPTUYLBOEG HLBSCCHBM RTBCHPK THLPK CH UFPTPOH BOZMYY. fPZDB, LBL Y UEKYUBU!

h RPMOPK FYYOYOE LP NOE RPDPYEM OBYUBMSHOIL YETVKhTULPZP ZBTOYPOB Y PYASCHYM P UDBYUE FETTYFPTYY, ZBCHBOY Y UCHPEZP ZBTOYPOB. oELPFPTPE CHTENS NShch NPMYUB UFPSMY MYGPN DTHZ L DTHZH, PFDBCHBS YuEUFSH. ʺBFEN PO RTYZMBUIM NEOS CH TBFHYH, OVDJE OBRAZOVANJE OEFEFETREYY PTSYDBM ZPTPDULPK UPCHEF. s RTYCHEFUFCHPCHBM UPVTBCHYIUS LTBFLPK TEYUSHA. vschm UPUFBCHMEO FELUF RETCHPZP RMBLBFB-PVTBEEOYS RP RPCHPDKh PLLHRBGYY. rPFPN RPSCHYMUS ZOEETBM TPNNEMSH, CHEUSHNB PVEURPLPEOOSHK FEN, UFP VTYZBDB IOZETB PRETEDYMB EZP DYCHYYA CH PLTHTSEOY ZPTPDB. NEUFOBS ZBEFB, PRYUSCHCHBS CHʺSFYE yETVKhTB, RTYRYUBMB NPEK VTYZBDE "PRETBGYA PLTHTSEOIS CH FTBDYGYPOOPK NBOETE ZETNBOULPZP ZEOETBMShOPZP YFBVB".

pLLHRYTPCHBOOKHA FETTYFPTYA RTEDUFPSMP PYUYUFYFSH PF RTPFICHOYLB. kod RPMHPUFTCHB RTYYMPUSH PFRTBCHYFSH REYLPN RP LFBRH 12 FSHCHUSYU RMEOOSCHHI.

h FFPF, RP CHUENH RPUMEDOYK, DEOSH VPECHNOE BIPFEMPUSH EEE TB IPTPYP RPPVEDBFSH, Y S PFRTBCHYMUS CH PFEMSH, LPFPTSHCHK, LBL PLBBMPUSH, VSCHM TELCHYYTPCHBO DMS TBULCCHBTFYTPCH DJEČACI 120 RMEOOSCHI NPTULYI PZ HYGETCH. CHETSMYCHP RPRTYCHEFUFCHBCH, YI UFBTYYK PZHYGET RTYZMBUIM NEOS CH UCHPK PFDEMSHOSHCHK OPNET Y RTYUFBCHYM CH LBYUEUFCHE DEOEILB PYUEOSH RTYMYUOPZP U CHYDH NBFTPUB. fBLYN PVTBBPN, S RPPVEDBM CH PDYOPYUEUFCHE CH LBYUEUFCHE ZPUFS NPYI CHPEOOPRMEOOSHCHI. DEOSH YMY DCHB URHUFS S OBOEU CHYYIFSHCH YEFSHCHTEN BDNYTBMBN Y DCHHN ZEOETBMBN. CUFTEYUB VSCHMB RTPIMBDOPK, LTBFLPK Y ZHPTNBMSHOPC.

dBMEE RP RTYLBJH tPNNEMS VTYZBDDB RETENEUFIMBUSH L chBMPOY. FERETSH CHUE IPFEMI NYTB Y URPLPKUFCHYS. h OEPPMSHYPK TBFHYE SA PVUKHTsDBM U NTPN ZPTPDB PVTBEEOYE L OBUEMEOYA. yFY RETEZPCHPTSHCH OBRPNYOBMY OELHA FEBFTBMSHOHA RPUFBOPCHLH, OVDJE S VSCHM PDOCHTENEOOP Y BLFETPN Y TYFEMEN. RP PDOH UFPTPOH UFPMB GO NT Y DCHPE EZP UPCHEFOILPCH, B RP DTKhZHA S U DCHNS PZHYGETBNY. b PLOPN GBTYMP URPLPKUFCHYE TsBTLPZP MEFOEZP DOS, B H RPNEEEOYY VSHMP RTPIMBDOP, Y BFNPUZHETB NBMEOSHLPZP ZPTPDLB OBCHECHBMB DTENPPHH. CHUE FFP DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP NBMP PFMYUBMPUSH PF BUEDBOYS ZPTPDULPZP UPCHEFB CH NYTOPE CHTENS. NT RTPYCHPDYM CHEYUBFMEOYE RPTSYMPZP ZPURPDYOB, RTYCHSHLYEZP L LTBUYCHPK TSOYOYE. EZP UELTEFBTSH VSHCHM PYUEOSH RPYUFYFEMEO YOE RTPSCHMSM OILBLPK CHTBTSDEVOPUFY. eUMY LFP-FP Y UPCHEFOILPCH CHSHCHTBTSBM OEUPZMBYE, NT UFBOPCHYMUS ZTHVSHCHN Y VEUGETENPOOSCHN. RETECHPDS ZETNBOULYK HLB O ZHTBOGHULYK SHCHL, PO BVUPMAFOP OE FETSM UCHPEZP DPUFPYOUFCHB. FP VSHCHM RTYSFOSHK NPNEOF LBOGEMSTULPK TBVPFSHCH, RPLBCHYKUS OELPK YDYMMYEK RPUME OERTETSCHCHOPZP OBUFHRMEOYS Y JSCHLPCH RETEUFTEMLY. s RP CHPNPTSOPUFY CHUSYUEULY SBFSZYCHBM RETEZPCHPTSHCH, YUFPVSCH RTPDMYFSH RTPYUIPDSEIK RETEDP NOPK DCHPKOPK RPEDYOPL NTB YFBM RTPUFP UMHYUBKOSHCHN RTPFYCHOYLPN, Y UP UCHPYNY UPVUFCHEOOOSCHNY YOBLPNSHUM SEYNY UPFTKHDOILBNY, U LPFPTSCHNY OD CHUE VPMEE OE UZMBYBMUS.

yb-b UETSHESHI RTPVMEN U PFRTBCHLPK RMEOOSHHI NSC RETEVTBMYUSH O LPTPFLPE CHTENS CH uEO-mP. bFEN YFBV VTYZBDSH RETEEIBM H nBTFYOUCHBBUF.

RPUME BLMAYUEOYS RETENYTYS RPSCHYMBUSH OBLPOEG CHPNPTSOPUFSH PFDPIOHFSH. s HETTSBM Y TBURPMPTSEOIS VTYZBDSH Y NEDMEOOP EIBM RP RHUFSHHOOSCHN UEMSHULYN DPTPZBN U YI VEULPOEYUOSCHNY Y'ZYVBNY, RPDYAENBNY Y URHULBNY. TSYCHSHE Y'ZPTPDY CHSHCHUPFPK U DPN BLTSCHCHBMY, LBL RTBCHYMP, CHYD O CHUE, YUFP VSHMP RP UFPTPOBN DPTPZY. FP Y DEMP NEMSHLBMY OEPPMSHYE DPNYYLY, UVBTSCHE, LBL PLTEUFOSHCHE ZPTSHCH, SOY VSCHMY RPUFTPEOSCH Y LBNOEK, UPVTBOOSCHI DEUSH TSE O RPMSI, Y PLTHSEOSHCH UBDNY, RPMOSHCHNY GCHEFCH. yuBUFEOSHLP DPN VSHCHM RTPUFP HLTSCHF TPBNY. GCHEFOILY RETED JBUBDBNY CHSCHZMSDEMY PYUBTPCHBFEMSHOP. lPZDB NBYOB PLBSCCHBMBUSH O ČETVRTOM PUETEDOPZP RPDYAENB, CHYD CHDBMY SCHMSM RAČUNOVODSTVO ZA POMOĆ POMOĆI U IMOVINI VKHTHOBNY, B CHOYIKH CHYDOEMYUSH VHIFSCH IN TSEMFSHCHNY RMSTSBNY Y TB VYCHBAEYKUS CH DMYOOSCHE VE MSCHHE MYOYY RTYVPK. rTEPDPMECH EEE OEULPMSHLP NEERPDPVOSHI Y'ZYVPCH, NBYOB RPDYAEIBMB L DAOBN, Y CHUS TBULYOKHCHYBSUS RETEDP NOPC VHIFB RTYOBDMETSBMB NOE PDOPNKH. vHIFB VSCHMB OBUFPMSHLP RHUFSHCHOOPC, UFP DBCE FEOY ULPMSHSEEK OBD OEK YUBKLY PLBBMPUSH DPUFBFPYuOP, YUFPVSCH S CHDTPZOHM. YKHN RTYVPS KHUYMYCHBM LFP PEHEEOOYE PDYOPYUUFCHB. obvezbaeye CHPMOSCHI BUFBCHMSMY NEO RPDRTSHCHZYCHBFSH, B HVEZBAEYE UOPCHB RTPYuOP UFBCHYMY NEOS O OPZY, PNSCHCHBS REULPN Y VEMPK REOPK.

yOPZDB S CHCHETSBM O UCHETP-CHPUFPYUOKHA PLPOEYUOPUFSH RPMHPUFTCHB CH vBTZHMIT. h RETCHSHCHK TB, 20 YAOS, FFPF ZPTPD EEE OE VSCHM OBYNY CHPKULBNY. tsYFEMI LBBMYUSH TPVLINY Y YURHZBOOSCHNY. BYUBUFHA POY UFPSMY CHDPMSH UFEO U RPDOSFCHNY THLBNY. OP LPZDB S OERTYOKHTSDEOOP ʺ̱BZPCHBTYCHBM U OYNY O RTPUFPN ZHTBOGHULPN, SOY VSHCHUFTP PFFBYCHBMY. x CHIPDB CH ZBCHBOSH TBURPMPTSYMBUSH UFBTBS, PFLTSCHFBS CHUEN CHEFTBN GETLPCHSH. vHIFB PLBBMBUSH SBVYFPK TSCHVPMPCHEGLYNY UHDBNY, LPFPTSHCHN OE TBTEYBMPUSH CHSHCHIPDYFSH H NPTE. UPMOEYUOSCHK UCHEF YZTBM O YI TBOPGCHEFOSCHI RBTKHUBI. uHRTKhZB IPSYOB ZPUFYOYGSCH RP-TSEOULY DTHTSEMAVOP CHEMB UEVS UP CHUENY LMYEOFBNY, VKHDSH FP ZHTBOGHULYE TSCHVBLY YMY OENEGLIE PZHYGETSCHCH. fBN OE VSHMP YDEBMSHOPK YUYUFPFSCH, B S CHOHFTEOOOE HTS OE PEKHEBM O UEVE CHPEOOPC ZHPTNSCH, CH RPMOPK NET OBUMBTsDBSUSH TBDPUFSHHA VSCFSh RTPUFP YuEMPCHELPN UTEDY DTHZYI MADEK.

derbtfbneof ymsh-y-chymeo

h UPPFCHEFUFCHY Y RTYLBPN S RTYOSM H LPOGE LPOGCH H ZPTPDE THEO HRTBCHMEOYE LFYN DERBTFBNEOFPN. ZPTPD VSHCHM ʺ̱BRMOEO VETSEOGBNY, CH PUOPCHOPN FENY, LFP IPFEM CHETOKHFSHUS CH UCHPY DPNB, OP YI RTYIPDYMPUSH PUFBOBCHMYCHBFSH, RPFPNKh YuFP YN OE TBTEYBMPUSH CHAYETSBFSH CH RT YVTETSOHA YPOKH.

CHUE LBBTNSCH VSCHMY BRPMOEOSCH RMEOOSCHNY. kod RPNPESHA ZHTBOGKHULYI PZHYGETPCH, CHTBYUK Y ZPTPDULYI YUYOPCHOYLPCH CHUE HDBMPUSH, FBL YMYY YOBYUE, HMBDYFSH. h YNRTPCHYYTPCHBOOPN RBMBFPYuOPN MBZETE RPD OBCHBOYEN yBN-DE-nBTU UPDETSBMBUSH UNEYBOOBS ZTHRRB UEOEZBMSHGECH Y BMTSYTGECH.

o CEMEʺ̱OPDPTPTSOPN CHPLBME OEEBBDPMZP DP RTYIPDB OENGECH BCHYBVPNVB HZPDYMB CH RPEJD, OBZTHTSEOOSCHK CHTSCHCHYUBFLPK. fBN, ZDE ON UFPSM, FERETSH YSMB PZTPNOBS CHPTPOB DMYOPK OEULPMSHLP UPFEO NEFTCH Y UFP NEFTCH YYTYOPK. TSDPN U OEK UFPSMY FTY YMY YUEFSCHTE UPUFBCHB, ULTHUEOOOSCH H VEUZHPTNEOOHA NBUUH, B OELPFPTSHCHE CHBZPOSHCH PLBBMYUSH CHSHVTPYEOOSCHNY CH YUYUFPE RPME. ZPCHPTYMY, UFP CH LFYI RPEDBI RPZYVMP NOPZP BOZMYKULYI UPMDBF.

UYMSCH, LPFPTSCHE RTYDBCHBMYUSH BDNYOYUFTBGYY FSCHMPCHSHI YUBUFEK, VSCHMY SCHOP OEDPUFBFPYUOSCH. ChPKULB Y YFBVSCH DYCHYYK PYUEOSH OEPIPFOP BOINBMYUSH CHPOYLBAEYNY RTPVMEMBNY. NPS VTYZBDB RPMOPUFSHHA BOINBMBUSH PITBOPC RMEOOSCHI. RPD NPE LPNBODPCHBOYE RETEYMY YUKHTSIE RPMLY, LPFPTSHNY LPNBODPCHBMY MADY UFBTYE NEO.

UYFKHBGYS HUKHZHVMSMBUSH PUMBVMEOYEN DYUGYRMYOSCH CH CHPKULBI, X CHUEI, PF TSDPCHPZP DP LPNBODYTB VBFBMSHPOB, VSCHMP MYYSH PDOP TSEMBOYE RPULPTEE CHETOHFSHUS DPNPC. lPZDB POI URTBYCHBMY NEOS, LBL DPMZP YN RTEDUFPYF PUFBCHBFSHUS DEUSH, S OEYNEOOP PFCHEYUBM: DCHB YMY FTY ZPDB. pVSCHUOP LFP CHSHCHCHCHBMP OEDPKHNEOYE, RPFPNKH YUFP CHUE DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP UYUYFBMY, YUFP CHPKOB BLPOYUEOB YMY YUFP YI OENEDMEOOP DPMTSOSH PFTBTCHYFSH H BOZMYA, YUFPVSHCH BLCHETYYFSH E E FBN. rPIPTSE, RPUME BLMAYUEOYS NYTB OILFP OE RTEDRPMBZBM CHPNPTSOPUFY DMYFEMSHOPK PLLHRBGYY.

chMBUFY DERBTFBNEOFB BOINBMYUSH RTPVMENBNY CHPCHTBEEOYS VECEOGECH, PVEUREYUEOYS MADEK TBVPFPK, DEOETSOPZP PVTBEEOIS, FPCHBTPPVNEOB O PLLHRITCHBOOPK FETTYFPTYY, OYICBFLY UN BPUOSHI NBFETYBMPCH Y ZPFPCHYM YUSH L OPTNYTPCHBOYA RTPDHLFPCH RYFBOYS.

LBCDPE HFTP S ODLAZI H EBME DMS UPCHEEBOYK H ZPTPDULPK TBFHYE. UMECHB PF NEOS TBURPMBZBMUS NT, URTBCHB OENEGLYK LPNEODBOF TBKPOB, OBRTPFICH RTEDUFBCHYFEMY ZPTPDULYI Y TBKPOOSCHI CHMBUFEK PE ZMBCHE U RTEZHELFPN. rPUMEDOYK VSCHM OECHSHCHUPLPZP TPUFB NHTSYUYOB, CHEUSHNB UNSCHYMEOSCHK, OP OE CHCHZMSDECHYK RTEDUFBCHYFEMSHOSHCHN. rPOBYUBMH NA UDEMBM OEULPMSHLP RPRSCHFPL USCZTBFSH O RHVMYLH, CHPTBTSBS RTPFYCH RPCHBMSHOSHCHI OENEGLYI TELCHYYGYK. lPZDB RPOSM, UFP OYUEZP LFYN OE DPVSHEFUS, OBYUBM UPFTKHDOYUBFSH U OBNY, YCH LPOGE LPOGCH NETSDH OIN Y NPK HUFBOPCHYMPUSH FBKOPE UZMBUYE RTPFICH CHUI OYUFPTSEUVCH RP P VE UFPTPOSCH UFPMB. CHULPTE PO HTS UBN FTEVPCHBM, UFPVSCH PVIPDYMYUSH VE YOYI. oENEGLYK LPNEODBOF TsBMPCHBMUS, UFP OE Ch UPUFPSOYY HUMEDYFSH OB IPDPN BUEDBOYK, LPFPTSCHE WITH CHEM RP-ZHTBOGHULY. OP RTY FBLPN PVYAENE TBVPFSCH X NONOSOE VSCHMP ČITANJE O LFPZP RPTSYMPZP PZHYGETB, LPFPTSCHK IPFS Y YNEM PUPVSHCHE RPMONPPUYS, OP VSCHM BVUPMAFOP OELPNREFEOFEO H CHPRTPUBI LPOPNYLY . h UPRTCHPTSDEOYY RTEZHELFB S PVYAETSBM FBLTS OELPFPTSCHE TBKPOSHCH DERBTFBNEOFB, OBRTYNET RTPNSCHYMEOOSHK GEOPFT CH JHCETE, ZDE RTPUFBYCHBMP LTHROPE PVCCHOPE RTPYCHPDUFCHP. LTPNE TEZHMSCHI BUEDBOYK, VSCCHBMY Y PFDEMSHOSHCHE VEUEDSC U RTPNSCHYMEOOILBNY, U BTIYERYULPRPN, B FBLTS U CHMBDEMSHGBNY BLTSCHFSCHI BCCHEDEOYK U RMPIPK TERHFBGYEK. vPMSHYHA YUBUFSH ČITANJE F TEBI VSCHMP NOPZP TBVPFSCH Y NBMP PFDSCHIB. oP LBL FPMSHLP RTYCHEMY MPIBDEK, S UNPZ, RP LTBKOEK NETE, BOINBFSHUS CHETICHPK EDDPK.

pDOBCDSCH H NEUFOPN LBZHE PE CHTENS HTSYOB b UPUEDOYN UFPMYLPN PLBBMBUSH PDOB DBNB. ChPTBUFPN ʺ̱B RSFSHDEUSF, OE UMYYLPN BTYUFPLTBFYUEULPZP CHYDB, OP YOFETEUOBS. na OEK VSHMP FTPE NHTSYUYO, DCHPE UFBTYE, PYO NPMPTS EE. h DEUSFSH CHEYUETB CHPEOOSHK RBFTHMSH RTEMPTSYM ZTBTSDBOULYN MYGBN RPLYOHFSH BCCHEDEOYE, PZHYGETBN TBTEYBMPUSH PUFBCHBFSHUS DP PDYOOBDGBFY. pDYO Yʺ̱ RPTSYMSHI NHTSYUYO ʺ̱B UPUEDOYN UFPMYLPN ʺ̱BNEFIYM NOE U HMSCHVLPK, UFP PYUEOSH FSCEMP VSHCHFSH ZTBTSDBOULYN. s DBM ENH RPOSFSH, UFP PO NPTCEF PUFBCHBFSHUS ʺDEUSH DPMSHIE, Y FP SCHYMPUSH LBL VSC UYZOBMPN DMS PUFBMSHOSHCHI, RPFPNKh UFP CHULPTE CHUE PO HTS UYDEMY ʺ̱B UFPMPN BICHBFYULPCH Y RTEDMBZBMY CHSHCHRYFSH U O YNY RP UFBLBOYUYLKH CHYOB. DP RPMHOPUY TBZPCHPT LTHFIYMUS CHPLTHZ RPMYFYLY. FFPF ZPURPDYO VSHCHM ChTBYUPN-TEOFZEOPMPZPN, ChFPTPK RPTSYMPK NHTSYUYOB NHTs FPK DBNShch PLBBMUS FPTZPCHGEN Y ZPCHPTYM NBMP. nPMPDK YuEMPCHEL CHMBDEM DBNULPK RBTILNBIETULPK, ​​​​Y OB OEN METsBMB ʺ̱BVPFB P RTYUEULE NBDBN.

lPZDB CH UHNBFPIE VEULPOEYUOPK RETEVTPULY CHPKUL NEOS ʺBOEUMP CH DTHZYE NEUFB, OBYUBMBUSH VPMEE URPLPKOBS TJOYOSH. th CHUE-FBLY NOE TsBMSh VSCHMP PUFBCHMSFSH HRTBCHMEOYE DERBTFBNEOPFPN, ZDE RTYIPDYMPUSH BOINBFSHUS CHUENY UZHETBNY EZP TSOYOY Y CHEUFY DEMB VPMEE YMYY NEOEE UBNPUFPSFEMSHOP.

h mBOSHPOE NPS VTYZBDB ʺ̱BOSMB PVIYTOSCHK HYBUFPL DMS PVTPPOSH RPVETETSSHS. UBN mBOSHPO PLBBMUS OEPPMSHYN UINRBFYUOSCHN ZPTPDLPN. MYUOSCHK UPUFBCH YFBVB RTECHPUIPDOP TBNEUFYMUS H VPMSHOYGE, B LPNBODOSHK UPUFBCH HUFTPMUS H VEEKHRTEYUOPN NBMEOSHLPN PFEME. y NPEZP PLOB PFLTSCHCHBMUS CHYD O TELKH Y VPMSHYPE ʺDBOYE NPOBUFSHCHTS, RPUFTPEOOPE Yʺ̱ UETPZP LBNOS, FBL IBTBLFETOPZP DMS FFK YUBUFY UFTBOSHCH. O VETEZHU TELY ODLAZI, ZTESUSH O POMOĆI, OEULPMSHLP UFBTHYEL CH LHDEMSHLBI. lPZDB S RPRSHCHFBMUS ʺ̱BZPCHPTYFSH U PDOPK Yʺ̱ OII, POB CH RETCHHA PYUETEDSh RPTSMBMB HOBFSH, BOZMYYUBOYO S YMY OENEG, Y, RPMKHYUCH PFCHEF, UFBMB REYUBMSHOPK Y OETBZCHPTYUY CHPK.

lPZDB, VKHDHYU RTPEEDPN CH uEO-nBMP, S OBCHEUFIM UCHPEZP UFBTPZP DTHZB iLU, ChMBDEMShGB "pFEMSH-DE-MB-NET", PO OE ULTSHCHBM UCHPEK TBDPUFY. pjevati na TsEPK TBUURTBYCHBMY NEOS P r. Y RTPUYMY RETEDBFSH EK UBNSHCHE FARMSCHE RPTSEMBOIS. eUFEUFCHEOOP, VSHCHM BLBBO PNBT. rPLB YFBVOSHCHE PZHYGETSCH RYMY BRETYFYCH CH OEVPMSHYPN ZPTPDULPN LBZHE, S RTEDUFBCHMSM UEVE, LBL NEUSHE RAŽ OPUIFUS RP uEO-nBMP CH RPYULBI UBNPZP VPMSHYPZP PNBTB. RETED PVEDPN CH PFEME, DP FPZP LBL NSC RPDOSMYUSH RP HʺLPK MEUFOIGE CH UFPMPCHHA O CHFPTPK SFBTs, UOPCHB VSCHMY RTYCHEFUFCHYS. iPSKLB UBNB RTYZPFPCHYMB PVED Y, LPZDB PO VSCHM ʺ̱BCHETEO, ChPYMB CH LPNOBFKH. lTBFLP RTYLBBCH UMHTSBOLE CHSHKFY, POB PYASCHYMB, UFP UEKYUBU VHDEF PFLHRPTEOB VKhFSCHMLB YBNRBOULPZP.

lTPNE IPSYOB Y IPSKLY, FBN RTYUHFUFCHPCHBMB HER DECHSOPUFPMEFOSS VBVHYLB. th HCE OE CH RETCHSHCHK TB LFB UFBTHIB TBUULBJSCHCHBMB YUFPTYA P FPN, LBL CH 1870 ZPDKh ChP CHTENS RTHUULPK PLLHRBGYY HNET HER RETCHEOYEG. FERETSH POB, CHYDYNP, FPCE ULPTP HNTEF. POB OBIPDYMB OBU "PYUBTPCHBFEMSHOSHCHNY" Y RPUSHMBMB CHPDHYOSCHE RPGEMHY. EE VEURPLPIMP FPMSHLP, UFP "NSCH NPZMY HVYFSH HER DEFEK". NEUSHE VSCHM VPMEE RTPUCHEEEOOCHN. PO IPTPYP OBM ZETNBOYA Y CHEUSH CHEETS RTCHEM H TBZPCHPTBI P RPMYFILE. nBDBN, HCE RPUEDECHYBS, VSCMB Ch VEMPN JBTFHLE. vMEDOPUFSH HER MYGB RPDYUETLYCHBMB STLP-LTBUOBS RPNBDB O ZHVBI. POB CHUE EEE CHSCZMSDEMB RTYCHMELBFEMSHOPC, X OEE VSCHMY PYUEOSH NBMEOSHLIE THLY Y OPZY. CHEMB POB UEVS UCHPPVPDOP, LBL ZTBOD-DBNB, Y VSCHMB RPMOB PYUBTPCHBOIS. njegov CHPMOPCHBMP, UFP ZHVOHA RPNBDH NPZHF ʺ̱BRTEFYFSH, B FP RPMPTSYF LPOEG HER MEZLPNKH LPLEFUFCHH, TBDY LPFPTPZP Y UFPYMP TSYFSH.

rPMYFYYUEULYE TBZPCHPTSHCH LFYI VHTTSHB (CH PFMYUYE PF RTEDUFBCHYFEMEK CHSHCHUIYI UMPECH PVEEUFCHB) RPYUFY CHUEZDB UPDETSBMY UFP-OYVHDSH H FBLPN TPDE:

FERETSCH CHSCH UPCHB CHSMY CHETI, LBL NSCH CH 1918 ZPDKh. uOBYUBMB RPVETSDBEN, RPFPN RTPIZTSCHCHBEN H LFPN OBYB UBNBS VPMSHYBS VEDB. ChSh FTHDYMYUSH, B NShch VEDEMSHOYUBMY. x ChBU VSHMP YZHZHELFYCHOP DEKUFCHHAEEEE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP, B OPĆENITO OYUFPTSEUFCHP. ZMBCHOSCHK RTEUFKHROYL LFP FTSRLB dBMBDSHE, LPFPTSCHK CHUE YEUFSH MEF, RPLB VSCHM CHPEOOSHCHN NYOYUFTPN, RTEOEVTEZBM OBYN CHPPTKhTSEOYEN, EZP OBDP TBUUFTEMSFSH. LBL CHUEZDB, BL CHUE TBURMBUYCHBEFUUS NBMEOSHLIK YUEMPCHEL, B VPMSHYYE YYYLY Yʺ̱VEZBAF OBLBEBOIS.

LFB ChPKOB VSHMB OE OBUFPSEBS. hCHYDECH, YuFP BOZMYYUBOE VTPUYMY OBU CH VEDE, Y PVOBTHTSYCH, YUFP NSCH OE YNEEN OYUEZP TBCHOPZP CHBYN FEIOYYUEULYN UTEDUFCHBN CHBYN RILITHAEYN VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLBN Y FBOL BN, NSC CHFBKOE HCE OBUFTPIMYUSH O LBRYFHMSGYA. u FFPZP NPNEOFB LFB ChPKOB UFBMB ChPKOPK VE RPMEK UTBTSEOIK, VE PZOECHSCHI RPYGYK, VE BFBL REIPFSCH Y DMSEYIUS GEMSCHNY DOSNNY VPECH. LBL HVEDYMYUSH GENERAL VETSEOGSCH, FBN OE PUFBMPUSH OYUEZP, LTPNE TBTHYEOOSCHI ZPTPDCH Y CHETEOYG TBVIFSCHI Y UPTTSEOOSCHI CHBZPOCH. b NETSDH ONYNY NYTOBS Y OECHTEDYNBS UEMSHULBS NEUFOPUFSH, RP LPFPTPK CHSH NPZMY YUBUBNY OBRTPMEF ZOBFSH UCHPY NBYOSCHCH. DMS OBU LFP PLBBMPUSH DPTPZPUFPSSEIN RPTBTSEOEN, B DMS CBU RPMOPK RPVEDPK VE PUPVSHCHI BFTTBF.

OBN YOFETEUOP HOBFSH, UFP O UBNPN DEME RTEDUFBCHMSEF UPVPK OBGIPOBM-UPGIBMYIN. NSCH OBEN FPMSHLP FP, UFP PO UDEMBM CHBY LPOPNYLKH YUTECHSHCHUBKOP YZHZHELFYCHOPK Y KHUREYOPK. y CHUE-FBLY OILFP OE NPTSEF PVYASUOYFSH OBN EZP RPMYFYUEULHA RTPZTBNNH.

'DEUSH UTEDY TBOPZP TPDB NEMA'ZY CH OE UFPMLOEFEUSH U UIMSHOPK CHTBTSDEVOPUFSHHA. oP OE PVNBOSCCHCHBKFEUSH O FFPF UYUEF. vKhTTSHB, Ch RTpympn RTBChSEYE CHP ZhTBOGYY, CHUEZDB VKHDHF OBUFTPEOSCH L CHBN CHTBTSDEVOP, RPULPMSHLKH CHBY TETSYN OEYMEYUYNSCHHE TBOSHCH FEN UMPSN PVEEUFCHB, U LPFPTSHNY POI UCHSBO Ŝ, ECHTESN, ZHTBOLNBUPOB N Y LBFPMYUEULPK GETLCHY.

eumy chshch o chufteyubefe jeush pupvpk chtbtsdevopufy, fp fp zmbchoshchn pvtbjpn rp yufptyuyeulyn rtyuyobn ch yfyi NEUFBI OILPZDB OE MAVIMY BOZMYUBO. pjevati OBU PYUEOSH UYMSHOP RPDCHEMY. y FERETSH NSCH CHYDYN CHEUSHNB ʺ̱BNEFOHA TBOYGH NETSDH YI BTNYEK Y CHBYEK. NSCH YUBUFP DKHNBEN, KhTs OE ZTEYN MY, LPZDB CHYDYN PVTBIGPCHPE RPCHEDEOYE CHBYI UPMDBF, P LPFPTSCHI NSCH OBUMHYBMYUSH HTSBUCH Yʺ̱ TERPTTFBTSEK CHP CHTHENS rPMSHULPK LBNRBOYY. OBN FTHDOP UCHCHLOHFSHUS U VMBZPRTYSFOSHCHN CHEYUBFMEOYEN, LPFPTPE RTPIYCHPDYF CHBYB BTNYS, RPFPNH YuFP OENGSHCH CHEDHF UEVS MKHYUYE, Yuen VTYFBOULIE Y DBCE ZHTBOGHULYE CHPKULB, UV PSCHYE CH FIYI NEUFBI.

fBL ZPCHPTYMY NEUFOSHCHE TSYFEMY, Y LFP CH PUOPCHOPN UPCHRBDBMP U FEN, UFP TBUULBSHCHCHBMY RMEOOSCHE ZHTBOGKHULYE UPMDBFSCH. OP U DTKhZPK UFPTPOSCH, ZHTBOGKHULYE PZHYGETSCH ITBOYMY CHETSMYCHPE NPMYUBOYE, FBL TSE LBL NEUFOSCHHE BTYUFPLTBFSCH Y BTIYERYULPR.

zhTBOGHULYE LCHBTFYTSCH

CEOB ZTBZhB r. Ch nBTFYOUCHBBUFE PLBBMBUSH OENLPK, Ch DECHYUEUFCHE POB VSCHMB VBTPOEUUPK s. xCE RPMCHELB POB UYUYFBMB UEVS ZHTBOGKhTSEOLPK Y TBHYuYMBUSH VEZMP ZPCHPTYFSH RP-OENEGLY. Chopushnedeusfimefike Ztbzh, Rededfbchyfehaphemsh ZHTBOGHHULPK Chefchy Chupek Unishe, Yu RuP Udapchmbs Dpyush, CDPCB Ztbzhb d., h Tbchopk Uferey oshpvpdemi ytboghhlyne, Oeneglein. sing OILPZDB OE PVUHTSDBMY RPMYFYLH, VSCHMY CHEUSHNB MAVEOSCH Y CHOYNBFEMSHOP PFOPUYMYUSH LP CHUEN OHTSDBN NPEZP YFBVB. fBL, HTSYO DMS OBU ZPFPCHYMY O LHIOE bbnlb i rpdbchbmy h CHEMILPMEROPN bbme, rtpdhlfshch bblkhrbmyush h yETVKhTE.

YDEUSH PVYFBMY FTPE ZHTBOGKHJPCH, LPFPTSCHE U IMBDOPLTPCHYEN RTYOSMY UCHPA HYBUFSH Y OILPZDB OY OB YuFP OE TsBMPCHBMYUSH. sing OE PVUHTSDBMY RPRHUFH OH VPNVBTDYTPCHLY, OH TBULCHBTFYTPCHBOYE CH BLNLE UOBYUBMB BOZMYUBO, B BLFEN OENGECH, YUFP UCHETEYOOP YUFPEYMP YI BRBUSCH RPUFEMSHOPZP VEMSHS. pjevati OBOSMY TBVPYUYI, LPFPTSCHHE OBNEOYMY TBYFSHCHE PLPOOSCHE UFELMMB. CHUE FTPE PVMBDBMY CHTPTSDEOOOPK LMEZBOFOPUFSHHA YUFYOOPK BTYUFPLTBFYY. yI EDYOUFCHEOOBS RTPUSHVB PLBBMBUSH CHRPMOE RPOSFOPC: RTEDBFSH ENME CHUE FTHRSCH, VEURPTSDPYUOP CHBMSAEYEUS CH RBTLE.

NOE UPPVEYMY, UFP PDYO Y OBYI LPNBOYTPCH HUFTPMUS CH BLNLE, ZDE VSCHMB UCHPTB ZPOYUYI. pZHYGETSCH TBUULBBMY, UFP IPSKLB BLNLB URPTFUNEOLB. DEOSH EE NPTsOP VSHCHMP CHYDEFSH ULBYUKHEEK CHETIPN, DTHZPK BOINBAEKUS UCHPYN GCHEFOILPN. fP OBRPNOYMP NOE NPA CEOH. oERTBCHIMSHOP UYUYFBFSH, YuFP TsEOEYOE OE UMEDHEF BOINBFSHUS CHUENY FENY CHYDBNY URPTFB, LPFPTSCHE RTYCHMELBAF NHTSYUYO. rPOSFYS P FPN, UFP SCHMSEFUS YUFYOOP TSEOUFCHEOOSHCHN, X CHUEI TBOOSCHE. bNPL LFPK DBNSCH UFPSM H UFPTPOE PF FTBUUSCH, CH LPOGE FTEILLYMPNEFTCHPK DPTPZY, CHEDHEEK YUETE MKHZB Y BTPUYEK RP PVE UFPTPOSCH MYUFCHEOOOSCHNY DETECHSNY. RP MKHZBN RTPLMBDSCHCHBMB UEVE RHFSH TEYULB U DETECHSOOSCHNY NPUFYLBNY, BRTKHDBNY Y OEVPMSHYNY NEMSHOYGBNY RP VETEZBN, CHUFTEYUBCHYNYUS OB RHFY L LFPK CHEMYLPMEROPK KHUBDSHVE L ʺ̱BNLKh Yʺ̱ UETPZP LBNOS, Ch OPTNBODULPN UFIME, U NOPTSEUFCHPN RTYUFTPEL, LPOAAYEO Y F. R. rPDYAEIBCH VMYCE, NPTsOP VSHMP ʺ̱BNEFYFSH H PLOE LHIOY LHIBTLH Y UCHETLBAEYE CHPLTHZ OEE UNDOCHE ULPCHPTPDLY.

lCHBTFYTPCHBCHYK ʺ̱DEUSH PZHYGET VSCHM CH PFYAEDE, OP UMHZB DPMPTSYM P NPEN RTYVSHCHFYY IPSECHBN, LPFPTSHCHE CH FP CHTENS GO BY PVEDEOOOSCHN UFPMPN. oEVPMSHYPK CHEUFYVAMSH VSHCHM HLTBYEO PIPFOYUSHNY FTPZHESNY, NON-BODY TPTSLBNY Y URPTFYCHOSCHNY ZHPFPZTBZHYSNY. ZTBJYOS CHSHYMB RPRTYCHEFUFCHPCHBFSH NEOS. EK VSHMP RB RSFSHDEUSF, UFTPCOBS URPTFYCHOBS JYZHTB, OEULPMSHLP ZTHVPCBFPE, BOZMYKULPZP FIRB MYGP, LPFPTPE LBBMPUSH CHRPMOE RPDIPDSEIN OB ZHPOE MPYBDEK, ZPOYUYI Y PIP FOYUSHY FTPGEECH. POB RTETCHBMB UCHPK PVED, Y NSC UTBYKH PLBMBMYUSH CHFSOHFSHCHNY CH PTSYCHMEOOHA DYULKHUUYA P CHPURYFBOY ZPOYUYI. NSHCHUMY ZTBZHYOY VSCHMY ʺ̱BOSFSH YULMAYUYFEMSHOP URPTFICHOSCHNY DEMBNY, POB VSCHMB MYYEOOB RTEDTBUUKHDLPCH, Y CH OEK OE YUKHCHUFCHPCHBMPUSH OY LBRMY CHTBTSDEVOPUFY.

RPRSHCHFBCHYUSH HUFTPIFSHUS O RPUFPK H DTKhZPN FBLPN TSE RTYCHMELBFEMSHOPN ʺ̱BNLE U RTELTBUOSCHN RBTLPN, RTYOBDMETSBEEN WENSHE ZTBZHB x. POSCH IPSKLY LFPZP DPNB. FTENS DOSNNY TBOEE HER UEUFTB, ZTBJYOS, TPDYMB YEUFOBDGBFPZP TEVEOLB. POB PTSYDBMB RTYEDB UCHPEK CHOHYUBFPK RMENSOOIGSHCH. oEUNPFTS O CHUE LFP Y CEMBS HDPCHMEFCHPTYFSH UCHPE MAVPRSCHFUFCHP, S PYUEOSH CHETSMYCHP RPRTPUYM RPLBBFSH NOE PDOH Y ZPUFECHSCHI LPNOBF H EE PZTPNOPN ʺ̱BNLE, IPFS Y TEYM HCE , YuFP OE ChPURPMSHKHAUSH UFPMSh OEPIPF OSCHN ZPUFERTYYNUFCHPN. CHEDS NEOS CH OETEYYFEMSHOPUFY CHCHETI RP MEUFOIGE, POB UOPCHB URTPUIMB, UFP EK DEMBFSH, EUMY CHOHYUBFBS RMENSOOIGB CHUE-FBLY RTYEDEF. fPZDB S OBIBMSHOP UBNEFIYM, UFP UHEEUFCHHAF FBLIE CHEY, LBL RTBCHYMB TBULCHBTFYTPCHBOYS.

UPCHUEN DTHZYN YUEMPCHELPN PLBBMUS NBTLY yʺ̱HYUBS Yʺ̱ MAVPʺ̱OBFEMSHOPUFY PLTEUFOPUFY, B UBPDOP RPDSHULYCHBS LCHBTFYTH, S UMHYUBKOP OBVTEM O PZTPNOSHCHK DPN U PVMHRYCHYNUS ZHBUBDPN, UBPSEIK OD CHELPCHCHNY DETECHSSN J. lPZDB YBMBSMB UPVBLB, YJ DPNB CHSHCHULPYUM UBN NBTLY, CH UYOEN LPUFANE, LPTYUOECHSCHI VPFYOLBI, U OEUCHETSYN ChPTPFOYYULPN Y UYZBTEFPK, BTsBFPK Ch RPTSEMFECHYI YHVBI. OD VSCHM UBNB MAVEOPUFSH, RTEDUFBCHYMUS NBTLYPN, RETECHEDS DMS NEOS UCHPK FYFKhM LBL "NBTLZTBZH", Y ULBBM: "ChSh, EUFEUFCHEOOP, LBCHBMETYUF, S s FPCE UMHTSYM PZHYGETPN CH LBCHBMETYY. CHP CHUEN NYTE NSC CHUE PDOPC RPTPDSC. pFLTPCHEOOP ZPCHPTS, LPZP-OYVKHDSH CHTPDE ChBU S RTEDPYUEM VSH MAVPNKh DTKhZPNKh.

eEDTSCHN CEUFPN SING AT TSEOPK RTEDPUFBCHYMY CH GENERAL TBURPTSEOIE CHEUSH DPN. fBLPC RPTSDPL TBULCHBTFYTPCHBOYS OBRPNYOBM, DPMTSOP VSHCHFSH, FP, UFP RTBLFYLPCHBMPUSH UTEDY ZHTBOGKHULYI LPMPOYUFPC CH UECHETOPC bNETYLE CH XVIII CHELE. lPTBVMSH DPUFBCHMSM LPMPOYUFBN ZTHRRH NPMPDSHCHI DECHKHYEL, B RPFPN CHUE OBCHYUEMP PF FPZP, YUFPVSH RPDIPDSEIE MADY OBYMY CH OKHTSOSCHK NPNEOF DTHZ DTHZB.

pFOPIOEOYE L OBN RTELTBUOPK ZTBJOY J., X LPFPTPK S TSYM RPDOEE, VSHMP FBLYN CE, LBL X NBTLYIB god. FFPF RPUMEDOYK NPK RPYUL LCHBTFYTSCH PE JTBOGYY OBYUBMUS LBL TPNBO fBHIOYGB OBYUBMB CHELB. s ʺ̱BOSMUS RPYULPN YuEZP-OYVHDSH OBUFPMSHLP HDBMEOOPZP, YuFP NOE RTYYMPUSH CHUE CHTENS TBUURTBYCHBFSH, LBL FHDB DPEIBFSH. pDYO bNPL RPLBBMUS O RETCHSHCHK CHZMSD OETSIMSHCHN. NA VSHCHM UPCHUEN OPCHSHCHN Y OBRPNYOBM FPMSHLP UFP OBTYUPCHBOOKHA LBTFYOLKH. lpzdb dchetsh ochpoeg pfltschmbush, iptpyp pdefschk zpurpdyo oe rtyosm ob y pfpumbm ch dthzye yneoys, tburpMptseoosche h eee -toschny hdbNNNNY HDBNNY HDBCNNY HDBCHNNY HDBCHNY HDBCHNNNY Ptpdsny. yFBL, NSC PFRTBCHYMYUSH DBMSHYE. h PLOE UMEDHAEZP blbnlb RPLBBMYUSH DCHE DECHHYLY, PDOB PYUEOSH UINRBFYUOBS, OP, ULPTEE CHUEZP, ZPUFSHS. dTHZBS, NEOEE RTYCHMELBFEMSHOBS, TSYMB CH FFPN DPNE. POB RPLBBMB NOE FTY LPNOBFSH DMS ZPUFEK, OP OE RPUPCHEFPCHBMB PUFBCHBFSHUS X OII, RPFPNH UFP EE NBFSH VPMEMB YUBIPFLPK. fPZDB FB, UFP UYNRBFYUOEEE, RTEMPTSYMB NOE PUFBOCHYFSHUS H HER DPNE. PFO PFOPUYMBUSH L FFPNH LBL NBTLY y .: RPULPMSHLKh ZTPYF TELCHYYYGYS, OBDP RPUFBTBFSHUS CHSHVTBFSH OHTSOPZP YuEMPCHELB CH OHTSOPE CHTENS.

h OELPFPTPK OETEYYFEMSHOPUFY POB UEMB TSDPN UP NOK CH NBYOKH, Y NSCH DCHYOKHMYUSH DBMSHYE CHDPMSH PLBKNMEOOOSCHI TSYCHSHCHNY Y'ZPTPDSNNY MHZCH. RP RTIEDE CH RETEZPCHPTSCCHUFKHRYMB EE NBFSH, YCH TEEKHMSHFBFE RTBLFYUEULY CHEUSH BLNPL PLBBMUS CH OBYEN TBURPTSEOYY.

ZMBCHPK LFPZP UENEKUFCHB VSCHMB UFBTBS ZTBJYOS, CHDPCHB RPMLPCHOYLB LBCHBMETYY, TSYCHHEBS OB ULTPNOSHCHK DPIPD Y YJ-B OEICBFLY DPNBYOEK RTYUMHZY BOINBAEBS FFPF Y BNPL FPMSHLP O MEFP-u. NEPRIJATELJ CH YNEOYY OE VSHMP. iPSKLB DP UYI RPT OE YNEMB Y'CHEUFYK PF DCHPYI UCHPYI USHCHOPCHEK LBCHBMETYKULYI PZHYGETCH. nPMPDBS ZTBJYOS VSCHMB TsEOPC UFBTYYEZP USCHOB Y TSYMB FBN UP UCHPYN RSFYMEFOIN TEVEOLPN. pjevajte UFPTPOYMYUSH OBU, RPDYETLYCHBMY OBGYPOBMSHOSHCHK BOFBZPOYN, TEDLP HMSCHVBMYUSH Y YYVEZBMY BDPTCHBFSHUS U OBNY BY THLH.

FP VSHMP NPE RPUMEDOEE CHPEOOPE TSYMSHE PE JTBOGYY. s ChSCHVTBM EZP H TBUYUEFE ʺBDETSBFSHUS CH OEN O OEULPMSHLP NEUSGECH CHNEUFE U NPYNY BDYAFBOFBNY LBRYFBOPN zPTEOVKhTZPN Y RTJOGEN zBGZHEMSHDPN. fBN VSCHMP FYIP Y HEDYOEOOP, YuFP UPPFCHEFUFCHPCHBMP NPYN FTEVPCHBOYSN L IPTPYN LCHBTFYTBN. rTBChDB, DPN TBURPMBZBMUS OE X NPTS. yULHYOYE ʺ̱BOSFSH PDYO Yʺ̱ FEI ʺ̱BNLPCH, CH LPFPTSCHI RBTL URHULBEFUS RTSNP L NPTA, VSCHMP CHEMYLP, OP RPDIPDSEEZP DPNB OBKFY OE HDBMPUSH. pFEMY DMS NEOS YULMAYUBMYUSH. 'DEUSH CE H NPEN TBURPTSEOY VSCHMY VPMSHYBS URBMSHOS Y ZPUFYOBS U CHYDPN O UFBTSHCHK OEYURPMSHKHENSCHK CHIPD CH UBD, UPDETTSBCHYKUS CH UCHETIEOOOPK DYLPUFY, U NOPTSEUFCHPN TPʺ̱ CHDPMSH CHSHCHUPL PC UFEOSCH.

FE OEULPMSHLP DOEK, RTPCHEDEOOOSCHI Hz., LBMBMYUSH UYUBUFMYCHSHCHNY, OEUNPFTS OB OEPRTEDEMEOOPUFSH LBL VMYTSBKYYZP, FBL Y VPMEE PFDBMEOOPZP VHDHEEP. TBOPTPDOBS LPNRBOYS NHTSYUYO, TBMHYUEOOOSCHI U TSEOBNY Y WENSHSNY, UPDBCHBMB OELPFPTSCHE FTHDOPUFY H PVEEOYY, LBL LFP PVSHCHUOP VSCCHBEF, LPZDB MADY UMHYUBKOP UPVYTBAF US CHNEUFE. OP CHUE LFP HIPDYMP O CHFPTPK RMBO. DEUSH NSC NPZMY PFDPIOHFSH RPUME LTKhZPCHETFY ChPKOSHCH, S TBPCHBMUS FPNKh, UFP NEOS OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP PLTHTSBMP, NOPTSEUFCHH DETECHSHECH, NYTOPNKh ULBPYuOPNKh UBDH. yuBUFP IPYM O RMSC, UMHYBM, LBL VSHAFUS CHPMOSHCH, Y OBUMBTsDBMUS CHYDPN LTHFSHCHI UPMPNEOOSHCHY LBNEOOSHCHI DPNYLPCH YMY NBMEOSHLPK GETLCHHYLY.

CHYDYNP, YuEMPCHEL URPUPVEO PVOBTHTSYFSH RPMOPE UYUBUFSHHE FPMSHLP CH RTPYMPN, LPZDB CHUE OECHZPDSH UFYTBAFUS Y RBNSFY, MYVP CH VHDHEEN, L LPFPTPNH PO NPCEF RTYNEOYFSH UCHPE VENSF ETSOPE CHPPVTBTSEOYE. yUFYOOP UYUBUFMYCHSHCHE YUBUSCH PUFBCHMSAF ZMHVPLYK Y RTPUOSCHK UMED.

obyubmy rtyipdyfsh ybrpdbmshche ryushnb. r., OILPZDB OE ULMPOOBS L UMEBN, RYUBMB, LBL POB RMBLBMB, LPZDB GETLPCHOSCHE LPMPLPMB CHP'CHEUFYMY P LBRYFKHMSGYY zhTBOGYY. NECDH UFTPL S UNPZ RTPUEUFSH RTYUYOH LFYI UMEI. eE, LBL Y NEOS, VEURPLPIMP DBMSHOEKIE HLTERMEOYE CHMBUFY ZYFMETB. lBLPCHSC VHDHF RPUMEDUFCHYS TSEUFPLYI LPOFTYVHHYK, OBMBZBENSCHI RPVEYFEMEN O OBTPDSCH PLLHRITCHBOOSCHI FETTYFPTYK? fTYHNZH PTHTSYS FPMSHLP RPDUFEZOEF LFYI OEPVKHDBOOSCHI MADEK O OPCHSCHA LTBKOPUFY Y HNEOSHYYF RETURELFYCHSC LTBIB UHEEUFCHHAEEZP TETSYNB. nPCOP MY Yʺ̱VBCHYFSHUS PF LFPK RPUFShCHDOPK DYLFBFHTSCH, Yʺ̱VETSBCH CHPEOOPZP TBZTPNB?

rPUME VEIEOPZP FENRB RTPIYEDYEK LBNRBOY CH FYYE YUBUSCH TBNSCHYMEOYK CHUE SUOEEE UFBOCHYMBUSH NPS MYUOBS FTBZEDYS. RETED NOPZYNY ZYFMETPCHULYNY PZHYGETBNY OEYYEVETSOP UFPSMB DYMENNB: YN OBDP VSCHMP ITBVTP UTBTSBFSHUS PE YNS RPVESHCH, OBDESUSH RTY EFPN O RPTBTSEOYE, RPFPNKh UFP POI MAVYMY UCHPA UFTBOH .

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U ratu i u zarobljeništvu. Memoari njemačkog vojnika. 1937-1950 Becker Hans

Poglavlje 3 ISTOČNO PROČELJE

ISTOČNO PROČELJE

Kao i svakom nepozvanom gostu na ruskom tlu, trebalo mi je vremena da shvatim da se s Rusima, kao i s predstavnicima drugih naroda, ne može postupati na isti način. Moj prvi dojam je bio da su svi bili opaki prosjaci i da su više sličili životinjama nego ljudima. U borbi nisu znali za sažaljenje, kao stado gladnih vukova.

No, nekako se dogodio incident koji neću moći zaboraviti do kraja života. Ništa slično mi se nije dogodilo ni prije ni poslije. I još ga se sjećam kao noćne more. Možda će biti skeptika koji mi neće vjerovati, ali kao svjedok spreman sam se zakleti na sve da se to stvarno dogodilo. Ako je istina da oni koji su bili na rubu smrti nisu sposobni lagati, onda to u potpunosti vrijedi i za mene: uostalom, taj sam osjećaj doživio nekoliko puta, pa sam odavno izgubio svaki ukus za uljepšavanje onoga što se dogodilo zapravo sa mnom.

Završio sam na istočnom frontu odmah nakon što je počeo rat s Rusijom. I po mom mišljenju, suočili smo se s neprijateljem koji je pripadao nekoj drugoj, strašnoj vrsti ljudi. Žestoke borbe počele su doslovno od prvih dana naše ofenzive. Krv osvajača i branitelja tekla je rijekom krvlju gladnom zemljom „majčice Rusije“: ona je pila našu krv, a mi smo joj mitraljeskom i topničkom vatrom unakazili lice. Ranjeni su vrištali užasan krik, tražeći pomoć bolničara, ostali su se nastavili kretati naprijed. "Unaprijediti! Još dalje!" - tako nam je naređeno. I nismo imali vremena osvrnuti se. Naši su nas časnici tjerali prema istoku poput zlih demona. Svaki od njih je, očito, za sebe odlučio da će njegova satnija ili njegov vod osvojiti sve zamislive i nezamislive nagrade.

Velika tenkovska bitka kod Ternopila, a nakon nje još jedna, kod Dubna, gdje se nismo morali odmarati tri dana i tri noći. Nadopunjavanje zaliha streljiva i goriva ovdje je provedeno ne kao dio jedinica, kao obično. Pojedini tenkovi povučeni su jedan za drugim u obližnju pozadinu, koji su se žurno vratili natrag kako bi se ponovno bacili u žar bitke. Slučajno sam onesposobio jedan ruski tenk u bitci kod Ternopila i još četiri kod Dubna. Teren u bojnom području pretvorio se u neuredni pakao. Naše pješaštvo ubrzo je prestalo shvaćati gdje je neprijatelj, a gdje su naši. Ali neprijatelj je bio u još težem položaju. A kada su borbe ovdje završile, mnogi su Rusi morali ili ostati mrtvi na bojnom polju ili nastaviti svoj put u nepreglednim kolonama ratnih zarobljenika.

Zatvorenici su se morali zadovoljiti vodenim varivom i nekoliko desetaka grama kruha dnevno. Tome sam osobno morao svjedočiti kad sam bio ranjen u blizini Žitomira i dobio zadatak na vrijeme oporavka u skladište rezervnih dijelova za oklopna vozila kako bi mi se osigurao, kako se vjerovalo, "režim pošteđenosti". Tamo sam jednom morao posjetiti logor za ratne zarobljenike da odaberem dvadeset zarobljenika za radnu ekipu.

Zarobljenici su bili smješteni u školskoj zgradi. Dok mi je podoficir – Austrijanac – skupljao radnike, ja sam pregledao teritoriju logora. Što su radili ovdje, pitao sam se, koliko su dobri ili loši bili njihovi uvjeti?

Tako sam mislio tih dana, nesvjestan da neće proći puno vremena i da ću se i sam morati boriti za opstanak u potpuno istim okolnostima, zanemarujući sve očite znakove ljudske degradacije. Nekoliko godina sva moja vitalnost i težnje odlazile su u takvu borbu. Često sam sa smiješkom razmišljao o tome koliko su se radikalno promijenila moja uvjerenja nakon onog dana u logoru kod Dubna. Kako je lako osuđivati ​​one koji nas okružuju, kako se njihove nesreće čine beznačajnima i kako bismo se plemenito, po vlastitom mišljenju, ponijeli da smo u njihovoj očajnoj situaciji! Ajde, zezao sam se poslije, zašto sad ne umreš od srama, kad nijedna svinja koja drži do sebe neće pristati promijeniti mjesto s tobom i skrasiti se u blatu u kojem živiš?

I tako, kad sam stajao na pragu logorske barake, razmišljajući kakva su to čudna stvorenja morali biti ti “Mongoli”, dogodilo se ovo. Iz udaljenog kuta sobe začuo se divlji krik. Gomila tijela projurila je kroz tamu, režeći, bijesno se boreći, naizgled spremna da jedno drugo rastrgnu. Jedna od ljudskih figura bila je pritisnuta na krevete i shvatio sam da je jedna osoba napadnuta. Protivnici su mu iskopali oči, zavrtali ruke, pokušavali noktima izgrebati komade mesa s njegova tijela. Čovjek je bio bez svijesti, bio je praktički raskomadan.

Zaprepašten prizorom, dozivao sam ih da stanu, ali bezuspješno. Ne usuđujući se ući u sobu, ukočila sam se od užasa što se događa. Ubojice su im već trpali komade otrgnutog mesa u grlo. Uspio sam razabrati golu lubanju i izbočena rebra čovjeka na krevetu, dok su se u drugom kutu sobe dvoje ljudi borili za njegovu ruku, svatko ju je s krckanjem povlačio prema sebi, kao u natezanju. -ratno natjecanje.

Sigurnost! Viknuo sam.

Ali nitko nije došao. Otrčao sam do šefa straže i uzbuđeno mu ispričao što se dogodilo. Ali to na njega nije ostavilo nikakav dojam.

Ovo mi nije ništa novo - rekao je slegnuvši ramenima. - Ovo se događa svaki dan. Dugo smo prestali obraćati pažnju na to.

Osjećala sam se potpuno prazno i ​​iscrpljeno, kao nakon teške bolesti. Utovarivši svoju skupinu radnika u stražnji dio kamiona, požurio sam s ovog užasnog mjesta. Nakon otprilike kilometar vožnje, naglo sam povećao brzinu, shvativši da je osjećaj težine postupno popuštao. Kad bih barem mogao tako lako iskorijeniti sjećanja!

Odabrani zatvorenici bili su bliži nama Europljanima. Jedan od njih je dobro govorio njemački i imao sam priliku komunicirati s njim dok sam radio. Bio je rodom iz Kijeva i, kao i mnogi Rusi, zvao se Ivan. Kasnije sam ga ponovno morao sresti pod vrlo drugačijim okolnostima. A onda je zadovoljio moju znatiželju o "Mongolima" - Srednjoazijatima. Čini se da su ti ljudi koristili nekakvu lozinku. Čim je to izrečeno, svi su zajedno pojurili na onoga koji je bio predodređen da obnovi njihovu mesnu prehranu. Jadnik je odmah ubijen, a od gladi su se spasili ostali stanovnici barake, koji se nisu mogli zadovoljiti oskudnim logorskim obrokom.

Odjeća mještana bila je od jednostavne, neobojane tkanine, uglavnom domaćeg platna. U selu su im cipele bile nešto poput papuča od slame ili strugotine. Takve su cipele bile prikladne samo za suho vrijeme, ali nisu svi mogli priuštiti kupnju grubih kožnih čizama koje su se nosile po lošem vremenu. Domaće predene čarape nosile su se i na nogama ili su se jednostavno omotavale od stopala do koljena komadima grube tkanine, koji su se učvršćivali debelom uzicom.

U takvim cipelama, mještani, muškarci i žene, hodali su mnogo kilometara kroz polja do tržnice s torbom preko ramena i debelim štapom na ramenu, na koji su objesili dvije posude s mlijekom. Bio je to težak teret čak i za seljake, iako je za njih bio sastavni dio njihovog surovog života. Međutim, muškarci su bili u privilegiranijem položaju: ako su imali žene, onda nisu morali tako često podnositi nevolje. Ruski muškarci su u većini slučajeva više voljeli votku nego posao, a odlazak na tržnicu pretvorio se u čisto žensku dužnost. Tamo su otišli pod teretom svoje jednostavne robe namijenjene prodaji. Prva dužnost žene bila je prodaja proizvoda seoskog rada, a druga kupovina alkohola za muški dio stanovništva. A jao onoj ženi koja se usudi s tržnice vratiti kući bez željene votke! Čuo sam da je pod sovjetskim sustavom postupak vjenčanja i razvoda bio znatno pojednostavljen i, vjerojatno, to se često koristilo.

Većina ljudi je radila na kolektivnim farmama i državnim farmama. Prve su bile kolektivne farme koje su ujedinile jedno ili više sela. Drugi su bila državna poduzeća. No, u oba slučaja zarada je bila jedva dovoljna da spoje kraj s krajem. Koncept "srednje klase" je bio odsutan, ovdje su živjeli samo siromašni radnici i njihovi bogati vođe. Stekao sam dojam da cjelokupno lokalno stanovništvo ne živi, ​​nego beznadno batrga u vječnoj močvari najjadnijeg siromaštva. Najprikladnija im je bila definicija "rob". Nikad nisam razumio za što se bore.

Nekoliko glavnih cesta bilo je dobro održavano, ali ostale su bile jednostavno užasne. Na izbrazdanoj neravnoj površini ležalo je do pola metra prašine po suhom vremenu i, sukladno tome, ista količina viskoznog blata tijekom kišne sezone. Najčešći način prijevoza na takvim cestama bili su premali ruski konji. Kao i njihovi vlasnici, pokazali su čuda nepretencioznosti i izdržljivosti. Ti su konji bez mrmljanja prelazili udaljenosti od dvadeset do trideset kilometara po svakom vremenu, a na kraju puta ostajali su pod vedrim nebom, bez ikakve naznake krova nad glavom, unatoč vjetru, kiši i snijegu. Eto od koga biste mogli uzeti lekcije o preživljavanju!

Težak život uljepšala je glazba. Nacionalni instrument, poznata balalajka s tri žice, vjerojatno je bila u svakom domu. Nekima je, iznimno, bila draža harmonika. U usporedbi s našom harmonikom ruske imaju niži ton. Vjerojatno je to razlog efekta tuge koji se uvijek čuje u njihovom zvuku. Općenito, svaka ruska pjesma koju sam čuo bila je izuzetno tužna, što, po mom mišljenju, uopće ne čudi. No publika je, kako se pokazalo, voljela mirno sjediti, prepuštajući se auri zvukova koji su kod mene osobno izazivali nepodnošljivu tugu. Istodobno, nacionalni plesovi zahtijevali su od svakog plesača sposobnost brzog kretanja i složenih skokova. Dakle, samo osoba s urođenom milošću i plastičnošću mogla bi ih reproducirati.

Neočekivano sam morao prekinuti ova privatna proučavanja mog života u stranoj zemlji: naređeno mi je da se vratim na front. Napustio sam skladište rezervnih dijelova za tenkove i pokazalo se da sam jedan od onih koji su napredovali kroz Žitomir do Kijeva. Do večeri trećeg dana putovanja ponovno sam se pridružio svojim drugovima. Među njima sam vidio mnogo novih lica. Postupno je tempo naše ofenzive postajao sve manji, a gubici sve veći. Za vrijeme moje odsutnosti činilo se da je pola ljudstva postrojbe uspjelo otići u bolnicu ili na grob.

Uskoro sam i sam morao svjedočiti žaru borbe. Iste večeri kad sam se vratio u svoju jedinicu poslani smo u borbu. U bliskoj borbi u šumi, posada mog tenka je djelovala tako vješto da smo uspjeli izbaciti šest ruskih T-34. Među borovima je bjesnio pakao, ali nismo dobili ni ogrebotinu. Već sam tiho zahvaljivao Bogu na ovom čudu, kad je iznenada desno klizalište našeg Pzkpfw IV razbijeno direktnim pogotkom neprijateljske granate, pa smo stali.

Nismo imali vremena dugo razmišljati o ovoj nesreći: pod vatrom neprijateljskog pješaštva samo nas je munjevita brzina mogla spasiti. Dao sam zapovijed za evakuaciju, a ja sam kao kapetan broda posljednji napustio svoj tank. Opraštajući se od starog tenkovskog suborca, dvostrukim nabojem sam onesposobio top, kao i gusjenice, koje sam raznio Tellerovim minama. Bilo je sve što sam mogao učiniti da što više oštetim auto.

Do tada je moja posada već bila na sigurnom i imao sam više nego dovoljno vremena da se pridružim svojim drugovima. Čekali su me u relativno sigurnom zaklonu, sakriveni u jarku. Brzo sam puzao prema njima, a svi su me pozdravljali radosnim usklicima. Svi smo bili zadovoljni rezultatom. Rezultat je bio šest - jedan u našu korist; dok niti jedan član posade nije dobio ogrebotinu.

Moja sljedeća dužnost bila je da napišem izvještaj četovođi. Nismo zaboravili duboko ukorijenjeni osjećaj za disciplinu u svakome od nas, iako su te žestoke borbe čak i od zapovjednika voda pretvorile u naše najbolje suborce. Tako bi trebalo biti na fronti, gdje opća smrtna prijetnja koja lebdi nad svima uklanja činove i položaje. Stoga bih mogao napisati izvješće u jednostavnom obliku, bez puno formalnosti:

“Uništeno je šest neprijateljskih tenkova, moj zapovjedniče. Naš tenk je izgubio brzinu i mi smo ga raznijeli. Posada se sigurno vratila na svoje položaje.

Predao sam ovo zapovjedniku srednji opis ta borba. Zaustavio me, široko se osmjehnuo i, rukujući se sa mnom, pustio me.

Bravo, mladi prijatelju - pohvalio me zapovjednik. “Sada možeš ići i odspavati. Zaslužili ste odmor, a možda se i prije početka sutrašnjeg dana pokaže da nije uzalud.

Bio je u pravu za drugi dio fraze. Još nije svanulo kad se oglasio alarm. Svi su potrčali prema svojim tenkovima da u svakom trenutku budu spremni krenuti kamo im se naredi. Svi, samo ne ja i moja posada: naš tenk je ostao na ničijoj zemlji. Ali nismo mogli dopustiti da naši suborci idu u borbu bez nas i ja sam nagovorio zapovjednika da nam da jedno rezervno vozilo. Dao je svoj pristanak.

Nažalost, nismo stigli na topovsku cijev iscrtati broj naših pobjeda. Ova tradicija označavanja broja uništenih neprijateljskih vozila prstenovima na topu je puno značila posadi. Bez ove razlike koja nam je s pravom pripadala, osjećali smo se pomalo neumjesno. Osim toga, novi tenk, iako je bio isti model kao prethodni, nije nam bio poznat po svojoj male detalje. A osim svega, svi još uvijek osjećamo posljedice sinoćnje bitke.

Ali sve te neugodnosti, brige i tjeskobe bile su odmah zaboravljene čim su se ponovno začuli pucnji. Naš napad je trajao bez prekida četiri i pol sata, a ja sam za to vrijeme uspio zapaliti dva neprijateljska tenka. Kasnije, kada smo se počeli okretati da idemo “kući”, iznenada se začuo srcedrapajući pljesak, a zatim i udarac. Dakle, jutarnji loši predosjećaji bili su opravdani. Ovaj put nije sve ostalo samo na gubitku klizališta. Naš tenk je direktno pogođen u krmu s desne strane. Auto je bio zahvaćen plamenom, a ja sam ležao unutra u polusvijesti.

Iz ovog me stanja izvukla užasna spoznaja da smo gorjeli. Pogledao sam oko sebe kako bih pokušao procijeniti štetu i šanse za spašavanje, i otkrio da je ruska granata ubila dvojicu mojih podređenih. Krvavi su se šćućurili u kutu. A mi, preživjeli, brzo smo iskočili, a onda kroz grotlo vukli tijela naših suboraca da ne izgore.

Ne obazirući se na gustu vatru neprijateljskog pješaštva, odvlačili smo poginule kolege od zapaljenog tenka kako bismo ih dostojno pokopali ako bojište ostane iza nas. Streljivo unutar gorućeg spremnika moglo bi eksplodirati svakog trenutka. Zaronili smo u zaklon i čekali da se zemlja zatrese od snažne eksplozije koja bi podigla komade užarenog metala u zrak i obavijestila nas da našeg tenka više nema.

No eksplozije nije bilo i nakon što smo malo pričekali, iskoristili smo privremeno zatišje u neprijateljskoj paljbi i požurili natrag svojima. Ovaj put svi su hodali pognutih glava, raspoloženje je bilo loše. Dvoje od pet članova posade su mrtvi, a spremnik iz nepoznatih razloga nije eksplodirao. A to je značilo da će streljivo i, možda, puška netaknuti pasti u ruke neprijatelja. Izgubljeni u mraku, vukli smo se tri ili četiri kilometra natrag do našeg mjesta, pušeći jednu cigaretu za drugom kako bismo smirili živce. Nakon eksplozije neprijateljske granate svi smo bili poprskani krvlju. Imao sam gelere zabijene u lice i ruke, a identifikacijska značka čudesno me zaštitila od duboke rane od gelera u prsa. Još uvijek imam malo udubljenje na mjestu gdje mi je ovaj žeton, otprilike debljine velikog novčića, ušao u prsnu kost. Činjenica da mi je ovaj mali žeton pomogao da spasim život, još jednom je učvrstila moje povjerenje da mi je suđeno da preživim ovaj rat.

Vod je već izvijestio o ostalim žrtvama. Dvije posade tenka potpuno su poginule, a sam zapovjednik voda je teško ranjen. Ali on je i dalje bio tu, a ja sam ga s gorčinom uspio izvijestiti o našim nezgodama tog za nas nesretnog dana, sve dok nije stigla hitna pomoć i on je odvezen u bolnicu.

Kasnije tog dana pozvan sam u stožer divizije, gdje sam ja i dvojica preživjelih drugova iz moje posade primili Željezne križeve 1. klase. A nekoliko dana kasnije dobio sam obećanu medalju za prvu uspješnu bitku za uništavanje neprijateljskih tenkova. Tri tjedna kasnije dobio sam znak za sudjelovanje u bliskoj borbi, zbog čega sam, kada sam bio u rukama ruskih vojnika, zadobio nove rane. (Očito je riječ o znački "Opći juriš" (Allgemeines Sturmabzeichen), ustanovljenoj 1. siječnja 1940., posebno je dodijeljena vojnom osoblju koje je uništilo najmanje osam jedinica neprijateljskih oklopnih vozila. - Urednik.)

Počasti pobjedi nakon bitke! Bio sam ponosan, ali ne osobito veseo. Slava s vremenom postaje sve svjetlija, a najveće bitke odavno su se dogodile.

Zapovijed za odlazak na istočni front Međutim, u Berlinu me čekalo iznenađenje. Umjesto očekivanog prebacivanja u Kopenhagen, dobio sam nalog za odlazak na istočni front. Prvo sam se morao javiti u odjel za osoblje na prvoj crti u Krakovu. Odlazak je bio toliko hitan da