Black spots on the coffee tree. Why the disease coffee tree dries. Why can Arabica coffee leaves dry?
Coffee trees grown on plantations or at home, like all plants, are susceptible to diseases, and the habitat plays an important role here. If the trees kept at home rarely get sick and mainly due to improper care, then epidemics occur on plantations that have an extremely negative effect on the crop, causing its partial or complete destruction.
1. Types of coffee trees
2.Diseases of domestic coffee trees
2.1. Fungal diseases of coffee
brown spotting
Rust
Sooty fungus (black)
root rot
2.2. Bacterial and viral infections
2.3. Diseases caused by improper care
3. Quarantine indoor coffee tree
4. Diseases of coffee trees grown on plantations
coffee rust
Atraknose
Gray rot
thread rot
Dark brown rot
Ojo de gayo (rooster's eye)
5. Conditions required for obtaining good harvests coffee
To obtain the world-famous invigorating drink, seeds (grains) obtained from the fruits of the Arabian and Congolese coffee trees - Arabica and Robusta are used. Only they are of interest to coffee producers. Two more species, Liberica and Excelsa, are also used in Food Industry, but their share is only 2% of the total mass of coffee produced in the world.
Arabian (arabica) and Liberian (Liberica) coffee, as well as a dwarf variety of Arabica, Nana, are most suitable for growing at home.
Diseases of domestic coffee trees
As already mentioned, coffee grown at home rarely gets sick. But sometimes trees can still be affected by ailments that cause fungi, bacteria and viruses.
Fungal diseases of indoor coffee
brown spotting
The disease is almost untreatable. Signs of the disease are the appearance of brown spots on leaf blades and branches. Then mass leaf fall begins. Damaged shoots and foliage must be removed, and the remaining parts of the plant should be treated with fungicide preparations containing copper: blue vitriol, Bordeaux liquid, copper chloride (according to the instructions). If the disease has gone too far, the plant cannot be helped.
Rust
The appearance of rust does not contribute to proper care, in particular waterlogging of the soil. The disease appears on the leaves, which are covered with rust-like spots. At the very beginning of the disease, you can use folk remedies, for example, a mixture whose components are vegetable oil(1 tbsp), soda (1 tbsp), any dishwashing detergent (1 tsp), one aspirin, water (4.5 l). Affected leaves must be removed, spraying is carried out once every 10-12 days. Rust fungi are fought with the help of multifunctional chemicals (fungicides), including those containing sulfur and copper. The treatment is carried out by Coronet, Oxyhom, Falcon, colloidal sulfur, copper chloride, Bordeaux mixture, etc. The disease can be stopped only by initial stage its development. If this moment is missed, the plant cannot be saved.
Sooty fungus (black)
Soot fungus most often affects young or weakened plants. The disease can develop under adverse conditions of detention: poor ventilation of the room, high humidity. The leaves of the coffee tree are covered with a coating that clogs the pores. There is a violation of the photosynthesis process, as a result of which the foliage changes color from green to brown. Sooty differs from other types of mushrooms in that it settles on sticky, sweetish secretions. small insects, such as aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, scale insects. Therefore, first of all, you need to get rid of pests by treating plants with appropriate preparations, for example, Aktar, Karate, Actellik, Iskra-Bio, Fitoverm, Agravertin, etc. With a small spread of insects, spraying with green soap, a water-oil mixture (2-3 times with a week break), infusions of citrus fruits, herbs (tansy, chamomile), hot pepper, wipe the leaves with pure alcohol with alcohol or with the addition of soap (10 ml of alcohol and 20 g of soap per 1 liter of water).
main reason diseases - waterlogging of the soil, as a result of which the roots of the plant begin to rot, and the leaves turn yellow, wither and fall off. If the tree is taken out of the ground and the roots are examined, if there is rot, they will be stratified or softened, have an almost black or dark brown color. The affected parts of the roots must be cut to healthy tissue, treated with potassium permanganate, sprinkle the cuts activated carbon or sulfur powder, then transplant the tree into a new disinfected soil. In the case when there are few roots left, the plant should be placed in a smaller pot than the one in which it was previously. Withered leaves must be removed. After all necessary procedures a coffee tree put in a shaded place for 7-10 days and carefully monitor watering. It is not recommended to moisten the soil within 2-3 days after transplantation. Fertilize the plant should not be for 1.5 months.
Bacterial and viral infections
Sometimes coffee trees suffer from diseases caused by bacteria or viruses. With symptoms such as simultaneous yellowing of the tree trunk and leaves, with big share probability that a bacterial lesion can be diagnosed. If you do not take action, the plant loses leaves, taking on an unaesthetic appearance, and eventually dies.
Microorganisms penetrate through damage to the trunk and stems, therefore, if wounds are found, they must be immediately cleaned and treated with Bordeaux liquid, solutions of copper sulphate or potassium permanganate. This is the main method of combating plant infection. Damaged shoots and leaves must be removed.
Viral infections may appear as small bumps on the trunk of a tree or ring spots on the leaves. As a rule, they do not pose a danger, if good care plants deal with the problem on their own.
Diseases caused by improper care
Basically, coffee trees get sick due to non-compliance with elementary care rules.
Too little or too much moisture
When plants turn yellow or brown leaves, this may be due to improper moisture. Due to an excess of moisture in the soil, the root system begins to rot, and from insufficient watering it dries up, which negatively affects appearance plants. If the soil in the pot is too dry, initially water the tree abundantly, so that the water soaks the soil to the very bottom of the container. Subsequently, moisturizing is carried out when the soil in the pot dries up to 3 cm. In addition, coffee is periodically sprayed from a spray bottle. Once a week it is useful to wash the tree under warm shower. Water the plants with separated (at least 24 hours) soft water. room temperature. Hard water provokes the accumulation of salts in the soil, which adversely affects the development of coffee trees (bushes). You can soften it with wood ash (3 g per 1 liter of water) or using a filter. Peat also helps to reduce hardness. It is poured into a cloth bag (at the rate of 10 g per 1 liter of water) and dipped in water for a day. Peat simultaneously acidifies it, which is also useful for coffee. Other acidifiers: lemon juice (3 drops per 1 liter) or citric acid(2 grains per 1 liter of water) are used no more than 2 times a month.
Wrong lighting
Often yellowing and dropping foliage is the result of a deficiency. sunlight. Therefore, windows facing the southwest or southeast are best suited for growing a coffee tree (or bush). The southern window sills, like the northern ones, are not the best option. The scorching summer sun can cause overheating of the root system, as well as leaf burn, due to which they become covered with brown spots. Heat is especially harmful to young plants. On the south side, they should organize shading. It is better to remove adult coffee trees from the windowsill and place them in close proximity to the windows. With a lack natural light in the cold season, coffee is desirable to arrange additional lighting using fluorescent lamps.
Nutrient deficiency
Due to lack nutrients in a coffee tree, berries often fall, leaf necrosis occurs, lagging behind normal development. For example, the so-called edge burn, which is manifested by browning and drying of the edges of the foliage, occurs when there is a lack of potassium in the soil. Yellowness and leaf fall can be caused by iron deficiency, poor tree development - insufficient nitrogen or phosphorus. Therefore, from April to September, when coffee grows most actively, it must be fed with complex fertilizers for indoor plants.
Wrong transplant
Coffee should not be transplanted with a complete soil change. A tree that needs a more spacious pot is transshipped along with an earthen clod, adding the missing amount of soil to the new container. If after the procedure the plant withered, he needs to arrange a greenhouse from a plastic bag, but so that its edges do not come into contact with the leaves. Watering during this period is reduced, but daily spraying is carried out with the addition of biostimulants to the water: epin (2 drops per 1 liter) or zircon (4 drops per 1 liter). When new leaves appear on the tree, and the old ones “come to life”, the greenhouse is removed.
Failure to comply with the temperature and humidity conditions
High indoor temperatures and low humidity adversely affect the coffee tree. The tips of the leaves dry, the plant loses its attractiveness. Room Arabica reacts especially sharply to unfavorable conditions. The problem is solved by regularly spraying the foliage, weekly watering the plant from the shower, placing it as far as possible from heating appliances during the heating season, placing a pot with a coffee tree on a pallet filled with expanded clay or pebbles. When ventilating the room, the tree must be protected from drafts, as it is bad for the health of the plant.
Quarantine
If a coffee tree is purchased in a pot in a store, it is advisable to place it separately for 3-4 weeks. During quarantine, he is monitored, and in case of manifestation of diseases or the presence of pests, they take necessary measures. Temporary isolation will also help avoid infecting other houseplants. To reduce the likelihood of diseases and damage to the coffee tree by harmful insects, the soil intended for planting or transplanting plants should be treated with boiling water or calcined in the oven.
Diseases of coffee trees grown on plantations
Coffee trees grown on plantations get sick more often than their indoor counterparts. Among the diseases there are especially dangerous ones that can completely destroy not only the crop, but also the plantings.
Roya or coffee rust (Coffee Leart Rust)
Rust is called the tragedy of the coffee world. It was she who more than a century ago destroyed absolutely all coffee plantations on about. Sri Lanka (before 1972 Ceylon), despite the fact that roya only affects the leaves of trees. Their upper part is covered yellow spots, and the inner one with orange spores that look like rust. There are about a trillion of them on one leaf blade! Leaves infected with the fungus Hemileia vastatrix die and fall off. A bare tree ceases to bear fruit and may die within 3 months. The disease is incurable and almost impossible to stop. Scientists have not yet been able to find methods to help cope with rust. But they are doing serious work in this direction, including breeding new varieties of coffee that are resistant to the insidious disease. The most vulnerable type of coffee trees is Arabica.
Anthracnose
The disease is ubiquitous, but most commonly affects coffee plantations in Central America, India, and Brazil. The causative agent is the fungus Colletotrichum coffeanum, which penetrates the plant through damage and affects almost all parts of the plant. The foliage is covered with rounded spots, on which dark dots subsequently appear. Green berries turn black, dry up and fall off. On ripe fruits there are brown spots with a rim around the edges, on trunks and branches - dark brown, beginning to peel and crack over time. Sick shoots and leaves die off. The yield of coffee trees affected by anthracnose drops significantly. The main methods of control: pruning diseased branches, harvesting fallen leaves and fruits, fungicide treatments, the frequency of which depends on the degree of the disease.
Gray rot
Gray mold is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea pers. Settles mainly on fruits. In the initial stage of the disease, a small brown spot appears on the berries, which gradually grows and covers the fruits with a fluffy coating. Infected berries dry up, but do not fall off. The fight against the disease is carried out by spraying with appropriate fungicides, rotten fruits are removed and destroyed.
thread rot
The causative agent of filamentous rot is the fungus Armillariella mellea karst. Its spores, entering the plant through damage to the bark, form an extensive mycelium. Penetrating inside the tree, fungi release toxins that affect the bark and cambium (thin layer of tissue between the bark and wood). The disease spreads on the roots and base of the trunks, forming a white fibrous rot. It disrupts the nutrition and water supply of the root system, as a result of which plants often die. Trees that are distributors of filamentous rot and have lost economic importance are removed and burned.
Dark brown rot
This type of root rot is caused by the fungus Rosellinia bunodes (Berk. et Br.) Sacc. It affects coffee trees in case of waterlogging of the soil. The roots of plants covered with mycelium turn brown. Diseased trees become drooping, the leaves darken, sometimes fall off. Sick plants are almost impossible to treat, so they should be removed.
Ojo de gallo (ojo de gallo - eye of the rooster)
The disease caused by the fungus Mycena citricolor is found mainly in the plantations of Central America. It affects flowers, young and old leaves, berries at any stage of maturity. Appears as rounded gray spots. Ultimately, the trees lose their foliage, cease to bear fruit, and may even die. The spread of ojo de gallo is facilitated by prolonged wet weather, lack of fertilizer, and the cultivation of varieties susceptible to this disease.
Conditions necessary for good coffee yields
Growing coffee is hard work. And even in a favorable climate, when coffee trees receive enough sunlight and rainfall, grow at a stable average annual temperature, they need proper care. The highest yields of quality coffee are obtained by growing it on fertile soil in a small shading, preventing overheating of plants. A prerequisite is compliance with the rules of agricultural technology, if necessary, the treatment of plantations from diseases and pests.
For me, as a person who is fond of breeding indoor plants, the most important thing in choosing the next specimen to replenish my collection is its exoticism. Of course, the plant itself should be beautiful, but not only. It should also arouse interest among others, because it is always nice to be proud of your pet. And if such a plant also bears fruit, then this is just a real hit! And such a plant in my collection is a coffee tree.
We all know that coffee grows in hot countries, and its main varieties have familiar names: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa. But few people have had a chance to see how coffee looks like in wildlife, only if you go on a tour of a coffee plantation. Well, wouldn't it be great to have a whole plantation of coffee on your windowsill? With these thoughts, I went to the nearest flower shop.
At room conditions it is absolutely possible to collect up to one kilogram of coffee, but only from already mature trees from six years old.
Arabica coffee tree, or rather, its sprouts, I purchased in large quantities in a network garden store. About 15-20 shoots 7-10 centimeters high grew in a pot. Bad, weak and damaged-looking sprouts were immediately thrown away, and good ones were planted in pots of two or three pieces. The bushes grew quite quickly and after two or three years they turned into beautiful trees that began to bear fruit.
Coffee berries delighted me for several months. They were green at first and then turned red. They ripened for about 6-8 months, and about five grains were harvested from the first harvest. In fact, under room conditions, it is absolutely possible to collect up to one kilogram of coffee, but only from already mature trees from six years old.
Growing a coffee tree at home
Priming
The ground for the coffee tree must be very light, air and water permeable. In principle, the soil that is sold for tropical plants may be suitable, it will just have these characteristics. If you prepare the soil yourself, then you can take a mixture of peat and humus in a 50/50 ratio as a basis. You can also put a few pieces in the pot charcoal, which will relieve the acidification of the earth. Moreover, the pot for planting must be chosen high, since the root system goes down.
Fertilizer
The coffee tree grows all year round, therefore, requires regular top dressing, approximately every ten days. Fertilize with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. As a nitrogen fertilizer, you can use pomace from peat, biohumus, which can be bought in garden stores. As a phosphorus top dressing, you can use a solution of superphosphate. And from the ashes you can get a good potash top dressing.
crown formation
Small coffee seedlings grow only upwards. As it grows, skeletal branches begin to grow, which are closely connected with the trunk. Accordingly, in order for the crown to develop evenly, the tree must be regularly rotated around its axis so that the plant develops evenly.
Coffee tree care
Despite the fact that coffee is a resident of the subtropics, under direct Sun rays putting a pot is not recommended, since in nature coffee grows in partial shade from large trees. Most best windows in the apartment: eastern or western. Since coffee is a tropical plant, it is very important temperature regime, especially in winter. The room temperature should not fall below 15°C. At low temperatures, a black border will appear on the leaves, then the leaf turns black and falls off.
Also in winter, I advise you to put a plank or foam plastic under the pot so that the roots of the plant do not freeze. And finally, coffee categorically does not tolerate drafts. In winter, you should be especially careful when ventilating the premises. If cold air hits the plant, the coffee will immediately freeze.
If the tips of the leaves dry on coffee, this is the first sign of dry air. Solution to the problem: you must either increase the humidity in the room - put a humidifier or a container of water under the battery. You can also regularly spray the bush with a spray bottle. It is very useful to wash the foliage at least once a month with warm water in the shower, so that the water does not flood the pot. With such regular care, the leaves will always be shiny and beautiful.
In addition, regular spraying of coffee will protect against spider mites, the most important pest that can appear in the home. The first signal of its appearance are bright dots on the leaves - puncture sites, and, of course, small cobwebs.
If the tips of the leaves dry on coffee, this is the first sign of dry air.
You should also be careful when watering. You can not pour the plant, the leaves will become faded and begin to fall off. And don't overdry. Given that the surface of the leaves of the coffee tree is large, moisture evaporates very quickly. As soon as the earth ball dries up, the leaves will instantly fall off. Therefore, it is extremely important to water the plant with a small amount of water almost every day so that the earth always remains moist, but at the same time the water does not stagnate in the pot pan. Water should be watered at room temperature, settled, soft and without lime.
Coffee tree resuscitation experience
My plants survived clinical death twice. The first case occurred when the plant was frozen by opening a window in winter at a temperature of -25 ° C. Only the stalk remained of the coffee then, and the leaves instantly fell off. The second case - in my absence, the plant was watered irregularly, and it withered, dropping leaves again. The recipe for revitalization for such nearly dead plants was regular misting with reduced watering. After a few months, the plants turned green again.
Thus, having provided the plant with comfortable conditions, you can admire not only the dark green foliage, but also harvest real coffee with enviable regularity! By the way, you want to know what I did with my first crop? Of course, I immediately distributed it in pots with earth and now I am waiting for a new harvest. Soon I will have my own little coffee plantation on the windowsill, which will be the talk of the whole office and, hopefully, beyond.
A detailed explanation with a photo of why the leaves on the coffee tree turn yellow, dry and turn black. Treatment of diseases and proper care of the plant at home.
Why do the leaves on the coffee tree turn yellow? This indicates problems with the root system. The roots can rot from an excess of moisture or dry out from its lack. In any case, it is necessary to normalize watering. Before the next watering, the soil in the pot should dry out by 3 cm. Experts recommend performing one abundant watering, so that the soil in the pot gets wet to the very bottom, and then water the flower as the earthen clod dries up. Watering should be carried out with soft, settled water. Much attention should be paid to spraying.
Coffee tree leaves turn yellow due to lack of light. The plant must be placed near the windows on the south side of the house with shading. A southwest or southeast window will do. In winter, you can carry out the backlight with a fluorescent lamp.
The leaves of the coffee tree turn yellow if the wrong transplant was performed. The plant does not tolerate transplantation with a complete replacement of the soil. For a flower whose age exceeds 2-3 years, transfer to a larger pot or replacement of the topsoil is more suitable. If, nevertheless, it was transplanted with a complete replacement of the soil and its leaves turn yellow, the following must be done: place the plant in a greenhouse with high humidity. To do this, you can take a large plastic bag and wrap it around the tree so that the bag does not touch the foliage. Do not fertilize, reduce watering to a minimum. However, you need to search often. At least 1 time per day. Once every 4 days, 2 drops of epin per 1 glass of water or 4 drops of cyclone per 1 liter of water can be added to the spraying water. Zykron solution should be watered once a week. Recovery takes a long time. The plant is then considered recovered when it begins to drive out new foliage, and the old one does not turn yellow.
The leaves turn black and dry if the coffee tree is watered with hard water.. As a result, salts accumulate in the ground, which adversely affects the root system. But you can not carry out a transplant with a complete replacement of the soil. enough to replace upper layer earth in a pot. Watering should be carried out only with soft, boiled water without sediment.
The leaves of the coffee tree turn black from a combination of adverse factors. This may be overflow or overdrying of the soil, lack of light, especially in winter. The leaf of the coffee tree is stained Brown if the roots overheat in summer (the plant stands on the south side of the house). In the latter case, it is shaded, plentiful spraying and moderate watering are performed. Old leaves on the coffee tree often turn black and fall off. This is considered the norm. If this occurs with young foliage, the flower owner needs to change the growing conditions of the flower. For example, increase spraying, water after the top layer of the earth has dried, replace its top layer in a pot, water only with boiled water.
Brown spots on the leaves of a coffee tree indicate a violation of the irrigation regime or poor soil condition. Watering should be carried out after the topsoil has dried. It often accumulates potassium salts from watering with hard water, which adversely affects the root system and the plant as a whole. In this case, either replace the top layer of earth in a pot, or transfer to a fresh substrate.
How to grow a coffee tree from beans, which will be maximally adapted to growing at home?
Many lovers complain - leaves turn brown. This is typical for room content with low air humidity in the autumn-winter period. However, this is not a disease. And if the plant is placed in a wide shallow pan with water, a more favorable microclimate will be created.
Sunburn on the leaves from the bright sun of lack of moisture in the air.
Watering
One of the most important aspects of coffee tree care is watering. If the roots are exposed to standing water, the leaves turn brown and fall off. All water should drain from the roots after watering.
Watering. Regular, abundant in summer. Water should be soft, separated, without lime, warm (several degrees above room temperature). It is necessary to maintain a weak acidity of the soil. To do this, once a month, 2-3 drops of acetic acid or a few crystals of citric acid are added to settled water.
Regular spraying will not hurt him either. Once a week (with the exception of the flowering period), a warm shower can be arranged for the tree.
With excessive watering, root rot often occurs, cortical growths appear on the leaves of many plants, corky spots (it can even completely cork the leaf surface). In addition to excess water during irrigation, the cause of the appearance of such spots can be a sharp change in temperature, a sharp fluctuation in moisture in the substrate (if then a strong overdrying of the soil immediately water it abundantly), minus light. With the correction of care errors, the formation of cork spots on the leaves stops. If the most likely cause of coffee leaf stains is over-watering (because coffee requires moderate watering in winter), water the substrate once or twice with a suspension of foundationazole (1-2 g per liter of water) - this will help the plant that has fallen into unfavorable conditions.
To restore the immunity of the plant, it is not forbidden to carry out a cycle of spraying the leaves of the coffee tree with warm water with the addition of "Epin" according to the instructions on the package.
top dressing
In spring and summer, they are fed regularly (every 7-10 days), alternating an aqueous infusion of mullein (1:10) with a full complex mineral fertilizers. In the spring, you can increase the dose of nitrogen fertilizers, during fruit ripening - phosphorus, in the fall - potassium.
The main pests are scale insects, spider mites, from diseases - sooty fungus. If in winter in the room where the coffee tree is installed, the temperature is in the range of 10 - 12 C, then a black border will first appear on the leaves, and why the whole plant will begin to die.
- If the soil is not too acidic, the leaves may discolor.
- The tips of the leaves dry up with a lack of moisture in the air.
- The leaves turn yellow, brown spots of dead tissue appear on them in case of a sunburn.
- With excessive watering, the leaves rot and fall off.
- When watering with hard water, the tips of the leaves curl up a little and brown spots appear on them. To prevent this from happening, the water is softened using special tablets, or a bag of peat is kept in 3 liters of water.
Uneven ripening of coffee fruits, usually at room conditions
How to make coffee fruit?
Plants only bear fruit with year-round care, which includes weeding and regular treatment of trees with fungicides and insecticides to protect them from pests and diseases, such as bean borer or coffee rust. Fruit young plant starts at least two years later.
The collected coffee fruits should be dried a little and the collected seeds can be cleaned from the pulp, you can dry them and make coffee.
