The structure of the soil of the earth conversation for preschoolers. Cognitive research project “Soil is a living earth. Area "Social and communicative development"
Every day we eat various foodstuffs, wear clothes and use the objects and means we need, while not at all thinking about where and how all this appeared and became possible. But our life largely depends on the land cover under our feet, which was created by nature not even for centuries, but for millennia. 
The soil is the wealth given to us by nature, it is thanks to it that man and animal world provided with food, and the industry, which is increasingly developing in various areas, with raw materials. Therefore, it is very important to know the properties of the soil and use this resource correctly so that future generations of all life on Earth do not die.
Do you know how it appeared?
One of interesting facts about this unique substance called soil, is its very origin. Initially, the surface of the Earth was only a bare stone desert. But over time, the winds destroyed solid rocks, turning them into tiny particles, which became the basis for the appearance of soil. Due to temperature changes in rocks cracks were formed, and their destruction occurred, and water and wind carried the remains. Then the first plants appeared right on the rocks, which from generation to generation grew and died. The remains of these plants mixed with mineral particles, forming a new living substance, which is eventually called soil. 
Its properties and functions are far from banal!
It is unlikely that when walking on the ground, any of us thinks about the processes taking place inside this colossal organism. The soil, in fact, is a natural laboratory for the processing of animal remains and plant worlds. At the same time, its fertility only increases, and the resulting minerals feed other plants. This is precisely the main purpose of the soil, to process and transfer in itself all the necessary and useful elements for the development of flora and fauna.
The basis of the soil are clay, sand and silt. Therefore, its properties directly depend on the content of this or that, in greater or lesser quantities. For example, if there is a lot of silt in the soil, then it is more fertile, if it is sandy soil, then stagnation of water is not terrible, which cannot be said about clay soil, but sandy soil quickly freezes in sub-zero temperatures. Perhaps, knowing these facts about the soil, you can use it more carefully and rationally. 
What do you think, what directly affects the quality of the soil? So, trees play an important role in the structure and formation of useful soil, and it is hardwood. Deciduous trees enrich the soil with nitrogen, ash, humus, creating the right environment for microflora. But conifers, on the contrary, have a negative impact, because. contribute to the formation of podzolic soils.
Soil, sometimes like a natural trap
Most likely, many have heard of such a phenomenon as quicksand which are quite dangerous to humans. They are obtained as a result of upper layer sand is completely dried by the sun, the hard crust formed on the surface is extremely thin, and the grass makes it completely invisible. 
A person who steps on such a piece of ground immediately falls through and is sucked in by a kind of sand trap. True, it will not completely suck in, but it will still not be possible to get out on its own. An interesting fact is that this rather dangerous natural phenomenon is formed due to the properties of dry and wet sand. Wet sand sticks together perfectly, as the water covers the grains of sand with a thin chaff, but the main thing is the presence of oxygen. If you displace oxygen with water, then the adhesion will disappear. Under a thick layer of sand there is always a powerful water source, this explains the appearance of quicksand.
The soil is the guarantor of our existence
Another incredible important point is that the soil also serves carbon storage, about 75% and is in second place after the oceans. This undeniably essential ability of soil to store carbon prevents it from escaping into the atmosphere, mitigates climate change, and increases resilience to drought and floods.
A healthy earth guarantees us food security on the planet. Due to the fact that it is the soil that gives plants everything they need, our task is to treat it carefully so as not to interrupt the food chain and die of starvation. Healthy soil, foundation healthy foods nutrition.
You may be surprised, but the largest water filter is also the soil. Thousands of cubic kilometers of water are filtered through it every year. The soil traps toxins and the water returns to the ocean less polluted. At the same time, the waters falling on asphalt roads carry with them all the garbage and dirt of the environment, only exacerbating the problem of environmental safety of the oceans and seas. The soil cover absorbs magnesium, potassium, calcium and others from the water that enters it. nutrients and gives them to plants. 
Did you know that microorganisms living in the soil are used in medicine, for example, to make antibiotics? Thanks to her, we have drugs such as streptomycin, the first active antibiotic to fight tuberculosis and plague. Eg, medicine cyclosporine is prescribed to the patient in order to prevent rejection during tissue or organ transplantation.
Soil is a natural pantry with amazing properties, a source of life for plants, animals and humans... Soil has been created on earth for millions of years. there are amazing animals that create a nutrient layer of soil - humus. Children learn about the properties of soil from experiments. They reflect together with the presentation of Professor All-Knowing about its structure, the hidden world of the creators of the soil and other underground inhabitants.
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MDOU TsRR d / s No. 6 "Blue Bird" ___________________________________________________________________
Synopsis of the open GCD in the preparatory group
on the topic: “Soil is a living earth. Who creates the soil?
Prepared by: teacher
Danilova Tatyana Yurievna
Maloyaroslavets, 2013
TOPIC OF THE LESSON: Soil is a living earth. Who creates the soil?
TARGET : familiarization of children with the concept of "soil" on the basis of experiments, its composition and value for all inhabitants of the flora and fauna of the Earth;
TASKS: 1) cognitive research: to form the skill of experimental activity;
2) communicative: to teach children to reflect, formulate and summarize the results of experiments, interact with each other
3) speech and game: learn to communicate in the process ecological game, to encourage the development of fantasy, to form the ability to express one's thoughts; instill a respect for nature in the process of elementary labor activity;
4) motor: to give the opportunity to actively move through the alternation of activities: conversation, experiments, physical minutes, work with the “soil-relationship with the environment” model, role-playing game, labor activity;
5) perception of folklore: proverbs about the earth
EQUIPMENT: PC and presentation "Soil composition", poster scheme "soil composition"; for experiments: soil samples, glasses of water, magnifiers, leaf samples; proverbs for the game: leaves, cups with earth (according to the number of children) earthworm-2 pcs., hoop-4 pcs., 8 watering cans for watering, surprise - apples from a magic tree.
STUDY PROCEDURE:
IN: Have nature amazing storeroom. You put a handful of grain in it in the spring - and by the autumn you will take a whole bag. A bucket of potatoes in this pantry turns into ten buckets. A handful of seeds becomes a scattering of cucumbers and tomatoes, carrots and beets, bunches of radishes and dill. What do you guys think it is? (answer: earth, soil)
Today we will talk with you about the soil, find out what it consists of, who lives in it, and how we can save it.
What is soil?
What do you think kids? (children's answers).
multimedia presentation. Soil composition.
Of course, you are right, the soil is the earth. We used to call it that by the name of our planet - the Earth. We all walk the earth. In dry weather, we grumble that there is a lot of dust, and in rainy weather, that it is too dirty. But dust and dirt is not just earth. Under our feet, the soil is its correct name. She waters and feeds the plants in the warm season (and please remind us what warm seasons you know, when all nature blooms, and then the flowers turn into fruits (spring, summer), but this warm period is replaced by a cool season that brings we are gifts - autumn, and the moment comes when the trees begin to shed their leaves, preparing for winter, they cover their breadwinner - the earth (or, as it is correctly called - the soil) with a thick blanket of dry leaves of yellow, red, orange ... and we can also see fruits that have fallen to the ground, acorns, nuts, apples, pears, many of them are already covered brown spots rot and they have one road, as the proverb says: “They came from the earth, they will leave to the earth”
And what does it mean? (children's answers)
The fact is that soil exists only where plants grow and vice versa, plants themselves are a source of material for the structure of the soil.
The secret is that all these fallen leaves and branches rot, and various underground inhabitants are involved in this, invisible to our eyes. And who remembers what animals are involved in the creation of humus? Worms, slugs and snails, wood lice and centipedes, tiny earth mites, the size of a grain of sand, microscopic fungi and bacteria, and as a result of their activity, humus is formed - a nutrient soil layer.
What do you think soil is made of? (children's answers)
The soil consists of: sand, clay, humus, there is water, air in the soil
Now we will test this experimentally.
EXPERIENCE 1: There is air in the soil. Many animals breathe underworld(presentation)
Take a glass of water and throw a lump of soil into it.
What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the experiment?
Conclusion: M We see bubbles that rise to the top. And this means thatthere is air in the soil.
EXPERIENCE 2. Soil composition
Mix the soil in a glass of water. After a while, we will see that sand settled at the bottom of the glass, the water turned cloudy from above due to clay, and garbage floats on the surface, plant roots - this is humus.
Conclusion: The soil in its composition has: humus, sand, clay.
EXPERIENCE 3. We also said that there is water in the soil, which is why plants grow..
Where does it come from in the soil? (children's answers)
It's all right, kids. Water enters the soil when it's raining or while watering. It penetrates deep into and remains in free places between soil particles.
Let's take a spirit lamp, heat up a clod of earth, covering the form with glass, and look at the glass.
Conclusion : On the glass we see water droplets that have evaporated as a result of calcining the soil, which means that there is water in the soil ..
We learned that there is water and air in the soil, which means you can live there.
Tell me, please, what soil inhabitants do you know?
Who lives underground? (children's answers)
The soil provides shelter for many plants and animals. And they get along so well together. See how they live and help each other. Plants grow in the soil, take nutrients from it, and the time comes - autumn, when plants: trees, shrubs, grasses, flowers fall, losing their leaves and fruits, and then the amazing work of the invisible world of animals begins, hiding under a layer of leaves and in the ground ( a story about the processing of leaves), this is how humus is created, which gives plants a lot of nutrients.
Today it is cloudy, but a cheerful song about the sun calls us to have a little rest!
PHYSICAL MINUTE: "The sun is radiant."
Well done! Do you think that only plants need soil? (children's answers) Let's go to the poster and see why the soil is important and for whom?
Poster conversation.
It's time to play the game. Now we will see how the leaves turn into soil.
GAME "TREES AND WORMS"
Children are divided into two teams. Each team has its own “worm” and its own “tree”. At one end of the room on the floor on the same line, but at a distance, put two hoops. These will be the "minks" of worms. From each team, a child is allocated, playing the role of an earthworm. He becomes in a circle, here, in a circle on the floor, there are cups with earth. At the opposite end of the room, put two more hoops for children, who will act as "trees". These children also stand in a circle, they have leaves in their hands. On the head of the children are appropriate headbands. The rest of the participants stand next to each other. At the command of the host "Autumn!" tree children give a leaf to their participant, he runs to the worm and exchanges it for a glass of earth. Then he returns with it to the tree and gives it back. Team members repeat their actions until the last member brings the earth to his tree.
Today at the lesson you got acquainted with the concept of "soil", please remind me what it is? What does it consist of, who lives in it? (children's answers)
How can we save the soil for these beings? What we can do?
(do not pollute the soil, water with clean water, do not make fires, do not trample plants, protect " underground inhabitants'-because they need the soil.
What did we learn today? (answers)
And you know, guys, we weren’t in the Winter Garden for 2 days, and the soil dried up during these days, because there are some big plants growing here, they drank all the moisture, and I suggest you do a good deed - water the soil, and she waters the plants. What do you think the soil and the plants in the winter garden would tell us if they could speak? Are we taking care of them?
Guys, the Russian people, the wise people came up with many sayings and proverbs about the Earth, and the word land in them means soil:
Without a master, the land is an orphan.
You can't put it in the ground, and you won't take it from the ground.
Where there is no earth, there is no grass.
The earth is the breadwinner.
There is no land more beautiful than our country. And this proverb is not only about our country, but also about our Kaluga land, in our land the soil is generous, here rich forests grow on this soil, and fields, orchards and orchards give a generous harvest. Let's name what the Kaluga land will give birth to: potatoes, carrots, pumpkin beets ...
I suggest that you draw in a group, one of the "underground inhabitants" that you liked the most. You can draw a garden or a field that yields crops. Your imagination has no limits.
Target:; on the relationship and interdependence of soil and plants; with the help of experiments to show what the soil consists of (there is air, moisture in the soil), how it is polluted.
Equipment: microscope, jars of water, fertile soil, bag, white sheets of paper, tin can, spirit lamp, worm caps, wood.
Lesson progress
The teacher shows the children a gift from, offers to guess what is hidden in it.
Game "Yes-No".
Educator (V.). This valuable gift is a bag of magical earth from your path. This magical land is called soil - the topmost layer of the earth, which is penetrated by the roots of plants, in which various animals live.
Guys, where do we meet the soil? (Children's answers.) Do you want to know how the soil was formed?
The teacher's story.
Once upon a time, the soil did not cover the earth with a fertile layer. On the surface of the earth were only stones and rocks. But under the influence of winds, rains, frost and heat, the rocks gradually cracked and collapsed. The cracks grew wider and the rocks cracked. They rubbed against each other, crushed and eventually, after thousands of years, turned into sand and clay.
The wind brought with it, the most unpretentious of which settled on sand, clay, took root, and rotting, formed a thin layer of humus. Seeds of other plants fell into this layer, they grew, and when they died, they increased the layer of chernozem.
Now you know how soil was formed. It took thousands of years, but, unfortunately, it is very easy to destroy it. Who needs soil? (Children's answers.) Who lives in the soil? (Children's answers.) Who makes the soil nutritious?
IN. Where do fallen leaves go? (Children's answers.) All fallen leaves and even turn into soil. It becomes rich, new "food" for plants appears in it. This always happens: the earth-soil feeds the plants, and then they feed it.
The teacher invites the children to turn into little scientists and, with the help of experiments, find out what the soil consists of.
Experience number 1.
Show what soil is made of.
We put a little soil on a sheet of paper, consider, determine the color, smell, rub the lumps of earth, find the remains of plants. We look at the microscope.
IN. Microbes live in the soil (they turn humus into mineral salts, so necessary for plants for life).
Experience number 2.
Show that there is air in the soil. Remind the children that it has many residents. What do they breathe? Like all animals - air.
We dip a little soil into a jar of water and observe if air bubbles appear in it.
Experience number 3.
Show that if you trample the soil, the living conditions of the underground inhabitants worsen, which means that there will be fewer of them.
Experience number 4.
When squeezing a lump of earth, show how air “leaves” it.
Experience number 5.
Show that there is moisture in the soil.
Pour soil into a tin can, put on a spirit lamp for calcination. Hold a glass plate above the soil. What appeared on it?
Alevtina Permyakova
Lesson on ecology on the topic "Soil".
Ecology lesson
"Journey to the Underworld"
Target: Create conditions for the formation of practical skills in handling soil.
Tasks:
educational: Generalize and consolidate children's knowledge about soil as a component of nature, about the circulation of substances, about the relationship soil and plants, tell hallmarks humus, sand, clay.
Educational: to develop creative abilities, speech, thinking, the ability to conduct experiments. Activate children's vocabulary.
Educational: cultivate a good attitude towards the planet. Contribute to the education of a caring attitude towards the world around us and the development of curiosity. To reinforce the idea that everything on earth is interconnected. To cultivate a caring attitude towards all living and non-living things on the planet.
preliminary work: Viewing demo pictures of the image (earthworms, moles, shrews). Reading literature, watching DVDs, viewing encyclopedias, didactic games.
move classes.
The Know-It-All comes to visit. Hello, my name is Know-It-All I've been to underworld, brought a lot of interesting things from there. If you want to be my assistants, he gets acquainted, distributes with children, badges with the names of children. Come with me to the lab. I want to introduce you to the underworld.
Pay attention to the capacity soil. What's happened the soil?
know-it-all: The soil- this is the top layer of the earth, i.e. earth's surface. Main property soil - its fertility. The more humus in it, formed from the remains of dead plants and animals (insects) the more fertile it is. List, and who lives in the underworld? (showing illustrations of earthworms, moles, shrews)
Children's answers:
How do you think, earthworms, moles, shrews bring soil favor?
Children's answers: Yes they loosen soil.
know-it-all: Right. Thanks to this, in soil air and water enter. Let's let's check: throw a lump into a jar of water soil. What did you see? (Air bubbles.)
know-it-all: What is it made of the soil?
Children's answers:
Part soils are included: humus, sand, clay, water, air. It is the humus that betrays soil black color.
(Show layout with composition layers soil.)
know-it-all: Guys, let's touch clay, sand, humus to the touch
Answer: children: clay - hard, dense sand - loose humus - loose
Practical activities children: play layer layout soil
know-it-all: In which soil is it better for plants to grow?
Children's answers: (loose soft)
know-it-all: In dense the soil lacks air, water for plants to grow in it.
know-it-all: Is there water in soil? Let's do it, heat up one more experiment, loose ground on fire, steam is formed, it turns into water droplets on a piece of glass. What does it mean? Water evaporates from soil when the sun is warm.
know-it-all: Guys, we were tired of conducting experiments, I invite you to take a walk in the clearing.
Fizminutka:
know-it-all: Oh, guys, how much garbage you need to remove a clearing from it.
Remember! Young the ecologist who loves nature, helps her, treats her very carefully, protects from pollution and destruction, knows and follows the rules of communication with her. Strive to be!
(pick up trash)
Hood word: How wonderful everything is around,
When the sun is shining
When the fragrant meadow blooms
And a fresh wind blows
The soil- the enormous wealth of the Earth, field, vegetable, horticultural crops grow on a large earth's surface. Therefore, it can be said that the soil feeds and clothes people, serves as a home (habitat) for many plants and animals.
Is life on Earth possible without soil?
Children's answers: No
know-it-all: How the soil feeds us?
Children's answers:
Didactic game "Know the object of inanimate nature"
The teacher lists the main qualities, the children determine which object of inanimate nature they fit:
Gives light, heat, is an incandescent gas (Sun)
It is a colorless, odorless gaseous mixture; transparent; made up of oxygen, carbon dioxide (air)
Tasteless and odorless, colorless, transparent, fluid, can be in three states - gaseous, solid, liquid (water)
fertile; consists of humus, sand, clay, water (the soil)
know-it-all: Guys, we know all the qualities soil(enumerations). Let's have a garden on the windowsill.
Let's plant the beans in prepared jars and watch them grow.
Tell the children about soil. Experiments and experiments Soil. A story for children Mother Earth will give birth. Who hasn't heard this statement? But the earth justifies its significance mainly by its upper layer, in which the underground parts (roots) of plants develop and which is called the soil, or vegetative layer. How is soil formed? Let's clarify once again what soil is. Soil is understood as the surface layer of the earth, which has such a quality as fertility, that is, the ability to produce crops. Once upon a time there was no soil. The earth was a collection of rocky rocks. For millions of years, atmospheric precipitation, sun, wind and water masses have destroyed rocks. In such conditions, nothing living, it would seem, could not survive. But the microorganisms survived. Soil formation has begun. Scientists argue that the primary cause of soil formation was the activity of microbes, the existence of which occurred in the conditions of collapsing rocks. What was soil formed from? Rocky rocks were destroyed, a loose layer appeared, consisting of fragments of stones, sand, clay. Lichens, undemanding to the composition of the soil, filled the spaces (settled on these soils). Subsequently, under the influence of bacteria (microorganisms), humus began to form. And plants could already settle on such soil. What is black earth? Herbs, trees, shrubs grow everywhere on the ground. By autumn, the leaves fall from the trees, the grass dries and falls to the ground. All this rots. From this, as we say, the earth becomes fatter, and everything grows better on it. The new, formed layer of the earth is the most fertile. It consists of rotted leaves, destroyed rotten trees, old grass, that is, black soil mixed with clay, sand, and other lands. On pure sand, or pure clay, plants quickly wither. And on the fertile chernozem, the vegetation feels good. What is the composition of the soil? The composition of the soil includes: plant remains, clay, sand, air, humus, living organisms (microbes), silt, water. Does soil composition change over time? The soil has common properties with wildlife. It is constantly undergoing processes. Since it was inhabited by living beings, there has been a constant process of formation and renewal of the soil. Due to constant changes taking place, measurements are carried out once every few years to determine the composition of the soil. What is soil fertility? Soil fertility is the ability to provide plants with water and nutrition. What are the soils? Chernozem, sandy, clayey, peat-bog, floodplain, gray forest and others. Distance course "Environmental Education as a Means of Implementing GEF DO"
