Practical work drawing up a plan for the characteristics of Samson Vyrin. The image of Samson Vyrin in Pushkin's story “The Stationmaster. The image of the hero in the work

The story "The Stationmaster" is included in Pushkin's cycle of stories "Belkin's Tale", published as a collection in 1831.

Work on the stories was carried out in the famous "Boldino autumn" - the time when Pushkin arrived at the Boldino family estate to quickly resolve financial issues, and stayed for the whole autumn because of the cholera epidemic that broke out in the vicinity. It seemed to the writer that there would be no more boring time, but inspiration suddenly appeared, and the stories began to come out from under his pen one after another. So, on September 9, 1830, the story “The Undertaker” ended, on September 14, “The Stationmaster” was ready, and on September 20, he finished “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”. Then a short creative break followed, and in the new year the stories were published. The stories were republished in 1834 under the original authorship.

Analysis of the work

Genre, theme, composition

The researchers note that The Stationmaster is written in the genre of sentimentalism, but there are many moments in the story that demonstrate the skill of Pushkin as a romantic and realist. The writer deliberately chose a sentimental manner of narration (more precisely, he put sentimental notes into the voice of his hero-narrator, Ivan Belkin), in accordance with the content of the story.

Thematically, The Stationmaster is very multifaceted, despite the small content:

• the theme of romantic love (with an escape from the father's house and following the beloved against the parental will),
• search for happiness theme
• the theme of fathers and children,
• the theme of the "little man" is the greatest theme for the followers of Pushkin, the Russian realists.

The thematic multilevel nature of the work allows us to call it a miniature novel. The story is much more complex and expressive in terms of meaning than a typical sentimental work. There are many issues raised here, in addition to the general theme of love.

Compositionally, the story is built in accordance with the rest of the stories - a fictional narrator talks about the fate of the stationmasters, people downtrodden and in the lowest positions, then tells a story that happened about 10 years ago, and its continuation. The way it starts

“The Stationmaster” (reasoning-beginning, in the style of a sentimental journey), indicates that the work belongs to the sentimental genre, but later at the end of the work there is a severity of realism.

Belkin reports that station employees are people of a difficult lot who are treated impolitely, perceived as servants, complained and rude to them. One of the caretakers, Samson Vyrin, was sympathetic to Belkin. He was a peaceful and kind man, with a sad fate - his own daughter, tired of living at the station, ran away with the hussar Minsky. The hussar, according to his father, could only make her a kept woman, and now, 3 years after the escape, he does not know what to think, because the fate of seduced young fools is terrible. Vyrin went to St. Petersburg, tried to find his daughter and return her, but could not - Minsky sent him out. The fact that the daughter does not live with Minsky, but separately, clearly indicates her status as a kept woman.

The author, who personally knew Dunya as a 14-year-old girl, empathizes with his father. Soon he learns that Vyrin has died. Even later, visiting the station where the late Vyrin once worked, he learns that his daughter came home with three children. She cried for a long time at her father's grave and left, rewarding a local boy who showed her the way to the old man's grave.

Heroes of the work

There are two main characters in the story: a father and a daughter.

Samson Vyrin is a diligent worker and a father who tenderly loves his daughter, raising her alone.

Samson is a typical “little man” who has no illusions both about himself (he is perfectly aware of his place in this world) and about his daughter (neither a brilliant party nor sudden smiles of fate shine like her). Life position Samson - humility. His life and the life of his daughter takes place and must take place on a modest corner of the earth, a station cut off from the rest of the world. Beautiful princes do not meet here, and if they are shown on the horizon, they promise the girls only a fall and danger.

When Dunya disappears, Samson cannot believe it. Although matters of honor are important to him, love for his daughter is more important, so he goes to look for her, pick her up and return her. Terrible pictures of misfortune are drawn to him, it seems to him that now his Dunya is sweeping the streets somewhere, and it is better to die than to drag out such a miserable existence.

Dunya

In contrast to his father, Dunya is a more determined and steadfast being. The sudden feeling for the hussar is rather a heightened attempt to break out of the wilderness in which she vegetated. Dunya decides to leave her father, even if this step is not easy for her (she allegedly delays the trip to church, leaves, according to witnesses, in tears). It is not entirely clear how Dunya's life turned out, and in the end she became the wife of Minsky or someone else. Old man Vyrin saw that Minsky rented a separate apartment for Dunya, and this clearly indicated her status as a kept woman, and when meeting with her father, Dunya looked “significantly” and sadly at Minsky, then fainted. Minsky pushed Vyrin out, preventing him from communicating with Dunya - apparently, he was afraid that Dunya would return with his father, and apparently she was ready for this. One way or another, Dunya achieved happiness - she is rich, she has six horses, servants and, most importantly, three "barchats", so for her justified risk, one can only rejoice. The only thing she will never forgive herself is the death of her father, who brought his death closer with a strong longing for his daughter. At the grave of the father, come belated repentance to the woman.

Characteristics of the work

The story is riddled with symbolism. The very name "station guard" in Pushkin's time had the same shade of irony and slight contempt that we put into the words "conductor" or "watchman" today. This means a small person, capable of looking like servants in the eyes of others, working for a penny, not seeing the world.

Thus, the stationmaster is a symbol of a “humiliated and insulted” person, a bug for the mercantile and powerful.

The symbolism of the story manifested itself in the painting that adorns the wall of the house - this is "The Return of the Prodigal Son". The stationmaster longed for only one thing - the embodiment of the scenario of the biblical story, as in this picture: Dunya could return to him in any status and in any form. Her father would have forgiven her, would have humbled himself, as he had humbled himself all his life under the circumstances of a fate that was merciless to "little people."

"The Stationmaster" predetermined the development of domestic realism in the direction of works that defend the honor of the "humiliated and insulted." The image of Vyrin's father is deeply realistic, strikingly capacious. This is a small man with a huge range of feelings and with every right to respect for his honor and dignity.

The life of Samson Vyrin was no different from the life of stationmasters like him, who, in order to have the most necessary things for the maintenance of their family, were ready to silently listen and just as silently endure endless insults and reproaches addressed to them. True, Samson Vyrin's family was small: he and a beautiful daughter. Samson's wife died. For the sake of Dunya (that was the name of the daughter) Samson lived. At the age of fourteen, Dunya was a real helper to her father: she cleaned the house, cooked dinner, served the passerby - she was a craftswoman for everything, everything was arguable in her hands. Looking at Dunin's beauty, even those who made it a rule to treat the stationmasters as a rule became kinder and more merciful.
In our first acquaintance with Samson Vyrin, he looked "fresh and cheerful." Despite the hard work and often rude and unfair treatment of those passing by, he is not embittered and sociable.
However, how grief can change a person! Just a few years later, the author, having met with Samson, sees an old man in front of him, untidy, prone to drunkenness, dully vegetating in his abandoned, untidy dwelling. His Dunya, his hope, the one that gave strength to live, left with an unfamiliar hussar. And not with a father's blessing, as is customary among honest people, but secretly. It was terrible for Samson to think that his dear child, his Dunya, whom he protected from all dangers as best he could, did this to him and, most importantly, to herself - she became not a wife, but a mistress. Pushkin sympathizes with his hero and treats him with respect: honor for Samson is above everything, above wealth and money. More than once fate beat this man, but nothing made him sink so low, stop loving life so much as the act of his beloved daughter. Material poverty for Samson is nothing compared to the emptiness of the soul.
Pictures depicting the story of the prodigal son hung on the wall in Samson Vyrin's house. The caretaker's daughter repeated the act of the hero of the biblical legend. And, most likely, like the father of the prodigal son depicted in the pictures, the stationmaster was waiting for his daughter, ready for forgiveness. But Dunya did not return. And the father could not find a place for himself from despair, knowing how such stories often end: “There are a lot of them in St. Petersburg, young fools, today in satin and velvet, and tomorrow, you see, sweeping the street, along with the barren tavern. When you sometimes think that Dunya, perhaps, immediately disappears, you willy-nilly sin and wish her a grave ... ”
Nothing good ended and the attempt of the stationmaster to return his daughter home. After that, drinking even more from despair and grief, Samson Vyrin died.
In the image of this man, Pushkin showed the joyless life of ordinary people, filled with troubles and humiliations, selfless workers, whom every passer-by and passer-by strives to offend. But often such simple people, as the stationmaster Samson Vyrin, is an example of honesty and high moral principles.

Pushkin's story, which is included in his collection of Belkin's stories, The main characters of The Stationmaster are Vyrin Samson, his daughter Dunya, and the narrator himself. At the heart of Pushkin's work is the story of romantic love and the eternal problem of fathers and children. The young girl left her own father, in fact, she betrayed him, chasing the ghostly tinsel of a rich life. Even having married Dunya, it is unlikely that Minsky will bring her out into the light, and her whole life will pass as a kept woman. This is a sentimental story about social inequalities and the consequences of rash actions.

Minor characters

In The Stationmaster, the characters live each in their own way, even in the Vyrin family, consisting of only two people, there is no mutual understanding and unity, their distance from each other is felt. Captain Minsky, moreover, is not looking for communication with a new relative; he and Dunya are on different social levels. All these heroes have their own understanding of life, and they cannot or do not want to understand another person. Differences in views lead to tragedy. a brief description of heroes will help to better understand the meaning of Pushkin's work.

The life of Samson Vyrin was no different from the life of stationmasters like him, who, in order to have the most necessary things for the maintenance of their family, were ready to silently listen and just as silently endure endless insults and reproaches addressed to them. True, Samson Vyrin's family was small: he and a beautiful daughter. Samson's wife died. For the sake of Dunya (that was the name of the daughter) Samson lived. At the age of fourteen, Dunya was a real helper to her father: she cleaned the house, cooked dinner, served the passerby - she was a craftswoman for everything, everything was arguable in her hands. Looking at Dunin's beauty, even those who made it a rule to treat the stationmasters as a rule became kinder and more merciful.
In our first acquaintance with Samson Vyrin, he looked "fresh and cheerful." Despite the hard work and often rude and unfair treatment of those passing by, he is not embittered and sociable.
However, how grief can change a person! Just a few years later, the author, having met with Samson, sees an old man in front of him, untidy, prone to drunkenness, dully vegetating in his abandoned, untidy dwelling. His Dunya, his hope, the one that gave strength to live, left with an unfamiliar hussar. And not with a father's blessing, as is customary among honest people, but secretly. It was terrible for Samson to think that his dear child, his Dunya, whom he protected from all dangers as best he could, did this to him and, most importantly, to herself - she became not a wife, but a mistress. Pushkin sympathizes with his hero and treats him with respect: honor for Samson is above everything, above wealth and money. More than once fate beat this man, but nothing made him sink so low, stop loving life so much as the act of his beloved daughter. Material poverty for Samson is nothing compared to the emptiness of the soul.
Pictures depicting the story of the prodigal son hung on the wall in Samson Vyrin's house. The caretaker's daughter repeated the act of the hero of the biblical legend. And, most likely, like the father of the prodigal son depicted in the pictures, the stationmaster was waiting for his daughter, ready for forgiveness. But Dunya did not return. And the father could not find a place for himself from despair, knowing how such stories often end: “There are a lot of them in St. Petersburg, young fools, today in satin and velvet, and tomorrow, you see, sweeping the street, along with the barren tavern. When you sometimes think that Dunya, perhaps, immediately disappears, you willy-nilly sin and wish her a grave ... ”
Nothing good ended and the attempt of the stationmaster to return his daughter home. After that, drinking even more from despair and grief, Samson Vyrin died.
In the image of this man, Pushkin showed the joyless life of ordinary people, filled with troubles and humiliations, selfless workers, whom every passer-by and passer-by strives to offend. But often such simple people as the stationmaster Samson Vyrin are an example of honesty and high moral standards.

The works, united under the title "Belkin's Tales", were created. The writer's works show images typical of his era, whose features touch the reader and touch the finest strings of the soul. Samson Vyrin is the hero of the story "The Stationmaster". This is a simple man with a big heart and a narrow outlook, who becomes pitiful both as a person with a complex biography and as a representative of the common people, who had a hard time living in tsarist Russia.

History of creation

The autumn of 1830 in Pushkin's biography was called Boldinskaya. In 11 days, the poet created prose works, which he combined into the famous Belkin Tales. Five stories, retold to a fictional character, introduced the public to simple stories from the life of commoners and told the history of modern Russia.

The tragedy of the stationmaster Samson Vyrin was told to Belkin by a titular adviser, whose name is not indicated in the narrative. The narrator reflected on the attitude towards such heroes, who remain invisible all their lives. Each gentleman passing by is free to decide the fate of this petty rank. Stationmasters constantly endure abuse and mockery, reproaches and accusations, remaining unable to defend themselves.

The main idea of ​​Pushkin, broadcast in this work, was how difficult the situation of those who are not burdened with power and rank in Russia.

The characterization of Samson Vyrin's life shows that he was no different from representatives of his rank. Like other stationmasters, he endured insults and insolence from visitors in order to support his family. Vyrin's main pride was his daughter Dunya. An independent assistant turned out to be a real help in the life of a man.

Vyrin was a collegiate official of the fourteenth class, considered the lowest. Serving at the station, he recorded the data of passing people and changed tired horses. His work was hard and thankless. The hero lived his life for his daughter, and when she fled to the best conditions with a passing officer, lost faith in the future. He began to drink, lost interest in life and work. The daughter was the fire that illuminated the complex existence of a lonely man.

Like the hero of the story "The Overcoat", he does not see a happy existence in the absence of the meaning of life and does not understand why to do the usual things and maintain the same way. It hurts Vyrin to realize what is happening, and only a punch weakens his mental anguish. He is the same small person whose happiness is made up of little things.

Pushkin deftly describes the changes in the hero by describing the surrounding reality. At the first meeting of Belkin with the caretaker, it is noticeable that the station is clean and tidy, breathes with comfort and a pleasant atmosphere. All this thanks to Dunya. After her departure, a loving father ran the house. Flowers have disappeared from it, and now Vyrin lies down to sleep, covering himself with an overcoat.

Having drunk, Vyrin shares his grief with Belkin, talking about his daughter's escape with Minsky. He exposes the officer as a vile person, and this is confirmed in the house of Minsky, where the hussar lives with Dunya. Having not received an answer to Dunya's letter, the father went to St. Petersburg to see how his daughter lives. The girl bathes in expensive gifts, but did not marry, which means she became a mistress. Having met her father, the chosen one of the officer faints, either from shame, or from a surge of feelings. Later, Minsky offered banknotes to Vyrin to smooth things over and pay off. He was about to refuse them, but gave up the slack and returned for the money.

Belkin's third meeting with the stationmaster did not take place - there was no one else to talk to at the station, lonely old age brought Vyrin to the grave, he died of longing for his daughter. deeds loved one turned out to be unbearable for a hero who had lost his purpose in life. Dunya realized her mistake too late. Only after becoming a mother, she appreciated the degree of parental feelings.

Vyrin endured the vicissitudes of life for the well-being of Dunya. Quiet and peaceful, he is an example of a "little man" leading a modest and unpretentious life. Analyzing the meaning of the name of the hero, literary critics note his name. It belonged to a Jewish hero, which means that the character had great power. The surname of the stationmaster is consonant with the Vyra station, which Pushkin repeatedly passed by. So the character combined simplicity and fortitude, which helped raise her daughter and endure the attacks of fate.

The "little man" in Pushkin's understanding is not a description of social status, but a characteristic of the state of mind inherent in people of a certain type. The life of such characters is unbearable, and its ending is tragic.

Screen adaptations

A simple and understandable work of Pushkin has inspired filmmakers more than once. The first appearance of the film based on the story "The Stationmaster" took place in 1918 thanks to director Alexander Ivanovsky. The main role in it was played by Polikarp Pavlov.

The next film adaptation was released in 1925 under the title "College Registrar". It was staged by Yuri Zhelyabuzhsky and Ivan Moskvin. The latter appeared in the frame in the image of the main character - Samson Vyrin.

Foreign directors also turned to Pushkin's work. Directed by Gustav Ucicki, he filmed The Station Agent in 1940, presenting Heinrich George as a simple Russian employee. Josef von Baki made a tape called "Dunya" in 1955 with Walter Richter as the stationmaster.

In 1972, a motion picture with Nikolai Pastukhov in the title role saw the light of day.

Quotes

“And I, the old fool, don’t look enough, it happened, I’m not overjoyed; did I not love my Dunya, did I not cherish my child; didn’t she have a life?”

“It was definitely Samson Vyrin; but how old he is! ... I looked at his gray hair, at the deep wrinkles of his long unshaven face, at his hunched back - and could not be surprised how three or four years could turn a cheerful man into a frail old man.