Types of hammers. To whom what? Types of hammers by shape and purpose

Amazing thing! It may seem that everyone knows about such a tool as a hammer! But what is there to know that ... Everyone tried at least once to hammer a nail with a hammer, or just hit something with it for fun. But not everyone knows what the hammer tool consists of, how much different types it happens and where it is used.

History and components of the hammer

The name "hammer" itself comes from the old name of the threshing machine, with which the grain was ground (knocked out). Subsequently, a hammer began to be called objects that strike. At first they were huge sledgehammers, but over time they decreased and now they are what you see them now.

First, let's look at what a hammer tool is.

The main component of any hammer is, of course, its striking part. It consists of the main base, which is made from various materials such as iron, wood, rubber. In front of the base is the striker, which delivers the main blow. Behind the main part is a sock, it is made in different shapes depending on the application. The side parts are called cheeks. Between them from top to bottom, a hole is drilled for a nozzle on the handle.

The handle is made of hardwood and is free of knots. But in our time, handles are also made of iron and various rubber alloys. It is fixed with a wedge. The wedge ensures the reliability of fastening the hammer, or in other words, simply does not allow it to loosen up and fly off. The handle itself has a different length and thickness depending on the size, weight and use of the hammer.

Let's look at some of the types of this wonderful tool.

Carpenter's hammer.

It is light in weight, made of various shapes (round or square), but has one common feature- its toe has the shape of a nail puller. You use such a hammer most often in everyday life for repairs. It is also convenient to disassemble or break something with this hammer! Take wooden box and break. At the same time immediately pulling out the nails.

Locksmith's hammer.

This is the most familiar type of hammer for us. It is made with different weights, the toe of the hammer is pointed, which is very convenient for dressing narrow parts. It is used both in everyday life and in the production of locksmith products. We hammer in a nail with them, beat off dried cement, hammer in screws (some individuals), but you never know what else we do to them! It can also be called a "puzzle", because it is the most common item after the ax (according to statistics from the Ministry of Internal Affairs).

Wooden hammer.

It is also called "Kyanka". The mallet has a wooden base and is mainly used for woodworking and sheet metal. The softness of the material from which this hammer is made allows you to protect the part from damage, even with a strong blow. In general, it is used where you need to apply well, but do not break anything.

Still mallets are made of rubber. Such mallets are produced for car tinsmiths, often they can be seen in the hands of city guests laying paving slabs.

Bushhammer.

This hammer can often be found at some construction site or in a bricklayer's garage. The toe of this hammer is made flat and sharply sharpened. This allows you to quite accurately break the brick, for example by 1/3, as evenly as possible. They can also clean a used brick from the remnants of the mortar, upholster the plaster and generally chip off something solid.

Sledgehammer.

The most interesting of all hammers. This tool is extremely heavy and is often used in the forge to deliver strong and powerful blows. Often appears in cinema, mainly in detective stories and thrillers.

This was an overview of the most common hammers in the subsidiary farm.

Now you can see for yourself that the hammer tool can be used in many operations and it has many different types.

No wonder this widely known invention is more than 70 thousand years old.

hammer tool video

What tool is present in every home? Of course, a hammer. It is used in installation and repair work. various designs and mechanisms, in household use. The application is so extensive that more than 10 subspecies and specifications of hammers are distinguished. This division helps to solve highly specialized tasks clearly and accurately, spending a minimum of effort.

But the most common is an ordinary metalwork hammer, which has a handle and a working part of the usual form. It is this tool that is most in demand - out of 10 purchased hammers, 6 are locksmith's.

Any device for certain work must be designed in such a way as to ensure high accuracy and efficiency in performing the assigned tasks. That is why there are about 15 types of hammers, each of which increases labor productivity and reduces the amount of physical effort expended. However, any device consists of several parts that may differ in appearance, but perform the same task. A tool such as a hammer is no exception, and has two functional parts. Each of them must meet the requirements and standards, which helps to complete tasks with minimal effort.

So, regardless of the subspecies, any hammer consists of a head and a handle. The first detail is responsible for the efficiency of the work performed, the second - for safety and convenience. The impact part of the hammer, in turn, is conditionally divided into several parts.

The most important is the striker. Durability depends on its shape and quality. In addition, this part of the hammer performs the main mechanical work, that is, it is exposed to maximum impact and wears out faster. The end opposite the striker is called the spout. He is usually in various options hammers has functional differences, which allows you to perform specific types of tasks - pulling out nails, crushing stone, embossing hard surfaces. There are models in which the spout is a striker of the same shape or a smaller diameter. Such hammers allow you to perform operations with greater accuracy and power, since the area of impact is reduced, and the mass of the head remains the same.

Also, the head of the hammer contains a part called the cheek - the surface between the spout and the striker. Its thickness must be sufficient to withstand the required load during operation and not break. And the iron part of the hammer should have a hole for the handle. An exception is the all-metal tool, which is poured into a mold. However, it is used in rather rare cases for specific work.

The role of the handle should be noted separately, because safety depends on the quality of its fastening. Most often, in hammers with a wooden handle, a conical shape is selected. It allows you to tightly fix the head, and an additional wedge driven into the center improves the reliability of this connection. In more modern models, the hammer device does not require this, since the parts are made according to accurate measurements and using special materials and fasteners.

Also important are the dimensions of the device and its structure. The accuracy and transmitted impact force depend on the cross-sectional shape of the striker and the length of the handle. Additional functionality is provided due to the specific shape of the reverse side of the striker. The impact force and its effectiveness depend on the mass of the head. For example, the weight of a nail hammer usually ranges from 250 grams to a kilogram. But the weight of a sledgehammer for forging or driving piles can even reach 12 kg.

The weight of the hammer largely depends on what tasks it is designed to perform. Many models have certain specifications- state standard, which must be taken into account and fulfilled. For example, for locksmith's hammer there are requirements that describe its shape with an exact drawing of the head and handle diagrams, as well as a description of the smallest details and the weight of each part.

Download GOST 2310-77

Therefore, if when buying a product there is an inscription “Locksmith's hammer GOST 2310 77”, you can vouch for its quality.

Kinds

Different types of hammers are designed to perform different jobs. It is possible to use non-core devices, but you need to understand that this will only reduce efficiency and worsen the quality of the result. This is because the specifics of a particular task sometimes require slightly different qualities. For example, when straightening thin metals, the force of mechanical action is compensated by high recoil, which can cause additional damage. Therefore, for precise work, a tool with a working part capable of reducing or completely extinguishing the reaction force is required.

Depending on the task to be performed, there is a developed hammer specification. Most of them are described in detail and have certain GOST quality standards. However, it should be borne in mind that some factories and workshops use specifications installed in individually. In some cases, this is due to the improvement of one of the parts, its improvement. But there are exceptions that allow violations of the manufacturing and assembly technology of the hammer, which reduces the quality, service life and safety. Therefore, before purchasing, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the reputation of the manufacturer, as this directly affects human life and health.

The most common type of hammer is the hammer. This type is in almost every home.

It has the simplest structure of the head, which allows it to be used as a universal tool. Such a hammer is used for hammering various fasteners and when assembling furniture, it is used to install wooden structures and interior upholstery. It is impossible to ignore a metalwork hammer in such operations as cutting, forging or straightening finished products.

Also, for jobs that require a certain more gentle impact, wooden hammers can be used. They are called mallets and are used to process soft metals.

In the assembly and repair of cars, a specific rubber tool is used. It is called a rubber mallet and allows you to straighten dents without the risk of additional damage. In addition, the soft material allows you to compensate for recoil and reduce it to almost zero.

When it becomes necessary to purchase, the master, as a rule, understands what type and amount of work will need to be performed using the tool. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which hammer should be purchased based on these parameters.

We define the view. To do this, we estimate the frequency of performing specific tasks. For example, will it be necessary to cover the roof or lay tiles in the near future. Perhaps the processes listed are professional activity. In this case, you need to buy a hammer for tiles or roofing. However, most often it is enough to purchase a metalwork tool.
We calculate the weight. When choosing a hammer, it is important to consider this parameter. For large-sized products, it will be necessary to use sufficiently large nails, which, in turn, will require greater impact force and striker area. To save the physical cost of hammering, it is worth choosing a heavier hammer with a long handle. For example, a hammer as a tool for this type of work is ideal.
Choose the shape and size. Even certain subtypes of hammers have different functional devices that need to be considered in terms of necessity. For example, a tool with a nail puller nose will cost more than a conventional wedge head option. It is up to you to determine the appropriateness of the overpayment.
Additional equipment. Modern tools have a number of advantages. For example, more embossed handles allow you to better hold the hammer and expend less effort on this process. And additional rubber pads insure against accidental slipping. As a result, productivity will increase due to more hammer blows. Therefore, if there is a choice between a more modern and classic version, you need to choose a more advanced version.

Thus, it becomes clear that in order to choose the right hammer, you need to decide on its functional purpose. The type of work and their volume should be thought out in advance, because its weight, shape and additional equipment will depend on it. Only with the help of such a sequence is it possible to accurately select a tool for solving certain technical problems.

striker (.. debatable ..), the striker itself (there are usually 2 of them) is called the part that is directly hit, while the iron part of the hammer is much larger than the striker.

Hammer - a small hammer, a percussion tool used for driving nails, breaking objects and other works. The hammer is one of the oldest tools used by man.
The main part of a hammer is a compact mass of solid material, usually metal, that can be used to strike something without deforming. For the convenience of performing blows and for a larger scope, the impact part of the hammer is mounted on a handle, which can also be made of metal, or wood or plastic.
The locksmith's hammer has two different strikers - one straight, the other tapering. The carpenter's hammer has a forked back, which is convenient for pulling out nails. In stonework, when facing corners and edges with a chisel, they hit it with an instrument similar to a hammer - a mallet made of wood and having strikers on both sides. Sometimes, in order not to damage the part, hammers are used, in which the impact part is made of soft material (rubber, copper, lead).
To work in zero gravity, a hammer is used that does not bounce when struck. Its hollow head is filled with heavy metal shot.
Hammers of various shapes and sizes are used for different types of work. Types of hammers, their dimensions and weight are defined by GOST 11042-90.

Amazing thing! It may seem that everyone knows about such a tool as a hammer! But what is there to know that ... Everyone tried at least once to hammer a nail with a hammer, or just hit something with it for fun. But not everyone knows what the hammer tool consists of, how many different types of it there are and where it is used.

History and components of the hammer

First, let's look at what a hammer tool is.

The main component of any hammer is, of course, its striking part. It consists of a main base, which is made from various materials such as iron, wood, rubber. In front of the base is the striker, which delivers the main blow. Behind the main part is a sock, it is made in different shapes depending on the application. The side parts are called cheeks. Between them from top to bottom, a hole is drilled for a nozzle on the handle.

Let's look at some of the types of this wonderful tool.

Carpenter's hammer.

It has a small weight, is made of various shapes (round or square), but has one common feature - its toe has the shape of a nail puller. You use such a hammer most often in everyday life for repairs. It is also convenient to disassemble or break something with this hammer! Take a wooden box and break it. At the same time immediately pulling out the nails.

Locksmith's hammer.

Wooden hammer.

Still mallets are made of rubber. Such mallets are produced for car tinsmiths, often they can be seen in the hands of city guests laying paving slabs.

Bushhammer.

Sledgehammer.

This was an overview of the most common hammers in the subsidiary farm.

Now you can see for yourself that the hammer tool can be used in many operations and it has many different types.

No wonder this widely known invention is more than 70 thousand years old.

hammer tool video

A hammer is a percussion tool used for a wide range of tasks. It consists of a handle and a head, which is its working part. The tool can be used for forging, deformation or destruction of various elements, as well as driving nails, chisels and chisels.

Design and features

Hammers differ among themselves primarily in terms of weight and length of the handle. There are also differences in form and purpose. The classic design is a handle made of wood or a modern polymer, on which a headband is mounted. The handle can also be metal if the tool is made by casting. If the handle is wooden, then most often it is planed from hardwood: ash, oak, hazel, hornbeam, birch, maple.

The working part of the headband, which is in direct contact during operation, is called the firing pin. The back of the head can also repeat the shape of the striker or be sharpened under a chisel, stake or nail puller. The purpose of the tool depends on the shape of the impact part, the angle of inclination of various elements, as well as the back side.

The headband can be made from carbon steel, soft metals such as copper and brass, wood or rubber. Steel hammers can be solid or ball-filled, with the bridle three-quarters filled with small pellets to make the tool more accurate. Such a modification is called non-bouncing. Due to the internal rolling of the filling, inertia is damped. The non-bouncing design improves sheet metal work where a bouncing tool after impact can cause an unwanted indentation towards the desired impact point.

Types and types

The hammer is a versatile tool that has a huge scope. In this regard, to perform certain tasks, various variations of this tool were created, differing in weight, material of manufacture, geometry and other parameters. For almost every area of work there is a special form.

There are the following types:

Carpentry.
Carpentry.
Locksmith.
For stone.
Tiled.
Roofing.
Leveling.
For driving poles, forging and dismantling.

Carpenter

It is easily recognizable due to the special design of the back. It is made in the form of a nail puller. The tool can be used to drive in nails as well as pull them out. Its head is perfectly flat, so it is convenient to work with it when driving fasteners, preventing them from entering at a right angle. Often the end of the working part of carpentry hammers has a rounded shape. The tool weighs from 300 to 800 g.

Also, the carpentry structure has an additional advanced modification, which is equipped with a special step between the striker and the nail puller. It is equipped with a built-in magnet, which allows you to fix the nail without hands for quick knocking with one blow, after which further hammering can be carried out directly by the main working part. The magnetized tool is made in one piece, because design features do not allow you to form a step if you need to prepare a hole for a wooden handle.

carpentry

Available in a weight range from 100 to 800 g. Its impact surface is completely flat and back side is a wedge. Such a tool has perfect balance, as it is designed for precise strikes. The hammer is suitable for hammering small joiner's carnations. This design has a rounded head shape with a turned chamfer, which is necessary to prevent dents in the wood.

Also in the carpentry category can be attributed mallets. These bulky tools are made entirely of wood. They are used for hammering wooden wedges or working with chisels. When the mallet hits the wooden end of the chisel, it does not crack, as in the case of contact with a hard steel surface.

Locksmiths

The locksmith's hammer is the most common. It can be found in almost every car trunk. It has a universal purpose and is used for a wide range of tasks. Its front is square or round section, often convex. The back side is a blunt wedge. Such a tool has an elastic hardening, which does not allow it to shatter when it collides with hard surfaces, such as a core. As a result, deformation may occur during operation. For this reason, the tool must be monitored, since when the headband rim is splashed, a piece of metal may break off, which is traumatic.

Hammer for stone

This category includes several types of hammers that are used for splitting stone, concrete, brick and other building materials. The design feature is a flat striker with a sharpened wide back. This tool is hardened by induction, which makes it wear-resistant and hardy for hard work.

Also, the so-called “bouchard” belongs to the category of hammers for working with stone. This is a specific tool that sculptors use to accurately chip off stone chips. On the working part of such a hammer there are spikes that provide point destruction of granite, marble and other natural materials.

Tiled

The hammer is a lightweight tool weighing no more than 75g. It has a very hard front and a pointed back. Its shape allows precise chipping ceramic tiles to give it the desired shape. By striking with the back side, you can split the tile in half, and by using the front striker, you can destroy individual sections, which is sometimes required to obtain rounded edges when laying around pipes and other obstacles.

Although this tool is professional, the vast majority of tilers do not use it. The fact is that with the help of such a hammer it is impossible to break off part of the tile evenly. The edge turns out to be wavy and unattractive, which spoils the overall picture from laying, so the tile cutter or Bulgarian with a diamond wheel copes with the task much better.

roofing

Used to work with sheet metal for roof construction. The striker of the tool is made of steel or has a polymer lining. The back part is a pointed wedge, with which you can create holes in the roof or unbend bent metal. The wedge is on the side of the back, so it looks like the hammer is broken. There is a nail clipper in the center.

Leveling

Are applied to carrying out alignment or deformation of tin products. With their help, sheet metal is bent, for example, when leveling dents on a car body. The striker of the tool can be made in a rounded shape or have rubber, leather and polyurethane lining. A straightening hammer with a spherical back side allows you to make a convex surface from flat metal. Accurate blows from the center with movement in a circle stretch the surface to the required parameters. Such a hammer is indispensable for straightening convex body parts of a car or boat.

A conventional straightening hammer with soft tips allows you to deform metal sheets with minimal noise, without creating unnecessary dents on their surface from impacts. The tool allows you to bend the tin without leaving embossed marks on it.

For driving poles, forging and dismantling

Sledgehammers and hammers are used to perform heavy tasks. They belong to the most massive instrument. Their design is characterized by a long handle and a heavy head weighing up to 16 kg. The sledgehammer is a two-handed hammer, with a long handle and a heavy headband, while the hammer itself is closer to the classic machinist's hammer, but with two strikers on the front and back side.

Such a tool is used for crushing stones, concrete and other materials. Also, with the help of a sledgehammer or hammer, poles, wedges and racks are hammered. The shape of the headband they can be rounded or square. To ensure a strong blow, the length of the sledgehammer handle is usually 80-120 cm, and the hammer is 30-40 cm.

Surely no one doubts that even in ancient times a person needed a device for hammering, breaking, crushing, carving. Perhaps at first they were just a stone or a stick.

Garrettswerve, GNU 1.2

But soon a man united them, creating an instrument that, in fact, has not changed for many centuries. The materials from which the hammer is made have changed and the list of applications has expanded.

hammer parts

The main part of a hammer is a compact mass of solid material, usually metal, that can be used to strike something without deforming. For the convenience of performing blows and for a larger scope, the impact part of the hammer is mounted on a handle, which can also be made of metal, or wood or plastic.

Malene Thyssen, GNU 1.2

Handle

The handle varies in length, thickness and material from which it is made. It depends on the purpose of the hammer itself and on the weight of the head. The heavier the head, the longer the handle should be. In modern hammers, the handles are often reinforced with non-slip rubber or plastic.

Head

This is the most main part. There are strikers along the edges of the hammer head. As a rule, strikers at opposite ends are made different in function, which allows you to combine two tools in one.

Monoklon, GNU 1.2

So a metalwork hammer has two different strikers - one is even, the other is tapering. The carpenter's hammer has a forked protrusion-tooth, which is convenient for pulling out nails. In stonework, when facing corners and edges with a chisel, they hit it with an instrument similar to a hammer - a mallet made of wood and having strikers on both sides.

Sometimes, in order not to damage the part, hammers are used, in which the impact part is made of soft material (rubber, copper, lead).

Andreas Praefcke, CC BY-SA 3.0

Wedge

A wedge connects the head with the handle. This is an important part of the hammer, since the quality of work, and sometimes safety, depends on the quality of attaching the head. For locksmith hammers, for example, the hole in the head through which the wedge is hammered is additionally covered with a steel plate, which is also screwed to the handle with a long screw, which gives additional strength to the entire structure.

Andreas Praefcke, CC BY-SA 3.0

Varieties

There are a great many varieties of hammers, as well as professions where this tool is required.

carpentry
Locksmith
Kiyanka
Sledgehammer
Hammer
Kashkarov's hammer
Fidzel's hammer
Climber's hammer
Geologist's hammer

And also - a tiler, a jeweler, a railway worker, a bulldozer and even Masha.

Guide to Russian Crafts, CC BY-SA 3.0

What crafts use a hammer

You can list all the professions where the hammer tool is used for a long time. Let's mention some and, first of all, crafts.

Construction, carpentry, stonework, shoemaking, chaser, bone cutter. Of course, that's not all.

It can be said that representatives of one of the most ancient crafts, blacksmiths, contributed most to the development of the variety of hammers, because a master blacksmith needs a whole arsenal of hammers, hammers and sledgehammers to work.

Photo gallery

Helpful information

Hammer

One of the first

The hammer is one of the oldest tools used by man. Then it was necessary as an instrument of defense against enemies and attacks on prey, but today it is used for creative purposes.

Over the centuries, it has only slightly improved and changed. But many varieties have appeared, which is associated with a wide variety of hammer applications in various professions.

It is simple and was invented to increase the force of a person's impact by an order of magnitude and to apply this force to one point.

Symbol

The hammer(s) is one of the oldest emblems of the craft. For the first time, the image of a hammer is found as an emblem on the territory of the Roman Empire in the tombstone of a blacksmith (441).

The hammer has long been associated with blue-collar jobs. No wonder he was chosen along with a sickle on the emblem of the Soviet state. Crossed mallets are depicted on the railroad sign.

In ancient times, the Hammer is the main attribute of many gods of craft, thunder and war.

For the Japanese god of prosperity, Daikoku, the hammer, as a tool associated with gold mining, is a symbol of wealth.

The hammer is also a symbol of justice.

In connection with the development of large-scale machine industry, the hammer emblem has become a universal symbol of the industrial proletariat since the second half of the 19th century. Already in 1864, the Hanoverian section of the First International chose the emblem in the form of two crossed hammers.

In 1940, the British, fearing a possible land invasion of the Germans and their multiple superiority in tanks, were looking for everything possible ways resist them.

In one of the instructions, the militias were advised to use a hammer or an ax to fight tanks.

The fighter should choose an elevation, for example, a tree or the second floor of a building, and wait for an enemy car there, and then jump onto it and start hitting the tower with a hammer. And when the head of a surprised German appears from there, throw a grenade inside the tank.

Even in weightlessness

It turns out that now they have come up with a hammer, even for work in zero gravity, which does not bounce when struck. Its hollow head is filled with heavy metal shot.

Masha

A huge and very heavy hammer is called a sledgehammer. It sometimes weighs more than 10 kg. Such a sledgehammer was nicknamed "Mashka". This is due to the fact that the impact force depends not so much on muscle strength as on well-coordinated work.

When working with such a heavy tool, it is important to wave smoothly. So they called her - Mashka.

Balda

Hammer, indispensable at the construction site, when working on personal plot. It performs the same functions as a mallet or a sledgehammer. With the help of a bulldozer, you can drive stones, small piles into the ground. The tool can also be used to trim massive stone masonry.

The handle of the bulldozer has a large length and is made of durable wood.

The head, or impact part of the instrument, is massive, wide, made of metal and may have caps made of rubber or soft plastic.

How to use

It is necessary to hold the hammer by the end of the handle firmly, but without squeezing too much, otherwise the hand will quickly get tired. After, the hand rises up, the handle takes a horizontal position and quickly falls. Thus, the striker should hit exactly on the head of the nail, and not on the fingers. And remember, the nail is hammered in two stages: first, you need to lightly bait it, and only then hit it. The main thing is to remove your fingers in time.

Hammer V au pair- an indispensable thing, especially if you are used to doing a lot with your own hands. With the help of this simple tool, you can perform not only the usual operations for us, for example, to hammer in a nail, but also many other works, because today there is a very many different hammers in for various applications. Let's figure out what types of hammers are, what is their purpose, and try to decide how to choose a hammer.

1. Hammer design and main materials

The first hammer appeared a very long time ago. We can say that this is the first of the tools that people used for their needs. We all saw a hammer, held it in our hands many times and know that the simplest hammer consists of two main elements: handle and head.
Head has an asymmetrical shape, one part of it has a sharp point, which is called a wedge, and the other part is flat or slightly convex, it is called a striker. This is the main impact part of the hammer which is the main work. It has sufficient strength and area to withstand repeated impacts on hard surfaces. wedge-shapedPart a hammer is used to split something or when chasing. Its shape allows you to develop a greater impact force due to the smaller area of the contact surface.

In the center of the head there is a special hole for attaching the handle, which is called ride. Usually it is made in the form of a round or oval hole, which smoothly passes into a cone. After attaching the head to the handle, the part of it that protrudes from the hole is wedged so that it completely occupies the internal cavity of the saddle. Such a mount prevents the head from falling off.

In order to ensure high strength and durability of the head, it is made made of high strength metal by forging, casting or milling, followed by heat treatment. Special hardening modes allow you to achieve high surface strength with a sticky core. The hardened surface layer reaches 3-5 mm. This structure provides high hardness, but at the same time protects head from fragility. For protection heads from corrosion it is galvanized or special types of paints are used.

universalmaterial for the manufacture of handles the hammer has always been wood. It is very durable, does not slip in your hand and has a long service life, and if you still break the handle during use, it is very easy to replace or even make it yourself. Very important so that the fibers of the wood from which the handle is made are perpendicular to the head. In this case, if it breaks, you will not be injured. Breed tree should be a certain kind. For these purposes, beech, birch, ash, oak, hornbeam, maple or mountain ash are well suited. Unsuitable species are pine, aspen, alder and spruce.

There are handles made of metal or plastic, and more modern hammers are produced with fiberglass handles. This new material, which proved to be very good in use. It does not slip in the hand and helps to reduce the force of recoil upon impact. Metal handles are hollow inside, have the shape of a circle in cross section, and for convenience of work, are covered with rubber. Plastic handles are also covered with a layer of rubber. Plastic, metal or fiberglass handles have two advantages in front of a tree: they do not dry out over time and are not subject to swelling when in contact with water. Choose depending on what material is more convenient and pleasant for you to work with. The main thing is that the handle is much lighter than the head and has the appropriate length.

2. Locksmith hammer and its purpose

Design locksmith's hammer is described in detail in the first paragraph. This is the simplest and common type working tool. He intended for hammering, breaking, bending or straightening parts. The pointed edge in the form of a wedge allows you to drive a nail with a small head and get the job done in hard to reach place where the wide part of the head does not fit.

The striker of a locksmith's hammer can have not only a square, but also a round shape in cross section. The square type has one flaw- if at the moment of impact you warped the hammer and the inclined angle fell on the surface of the material being processed, a dent will certainly remain on it. Such defects are especially upsetting when assembling new furniture.

Since the locksmith's hammer is designed to apply multiple series of blows, it must be completedfrom very durable material. Perfect fit chrome vanadiumsteel, which has increased hardness, which will help to avoid deformation or destruction of the striker. Weight locksmith's hammer ranges from depending on its number. Total exists five numbers, weight No. 1 - 200 g, No. 5 - 800 g. The weight of the hammer is chosen depending on the type of work and the physical strength of the worker. Lengthhandles, on average, is 300-400 mm.

3. Carpenter's hammer

Design carpenter's hammer It has distinguishing feature . A special slot is made at one of its ends, which can have a different breeding angle and slightly curved edges. This bifurcation serves to extract nails from the required surface. Hammers with a large angle of dilution of the groove are called Californian, and with a smaller angle - European. But not all carpenter's hammers are designed as a nail puller at one end. There are tools with regular wedge at the end and a perfectly even striker.

Handle May be completed made of wood, metal or rubber-coated plastic, which serve to prevent slipping in the hand. Such hammers are considered rather not percussion, but precision instruments. Weight its head lies in the range of 100-800 gr in increments of 50 g.

A carpenter's hammer can look extremely simple - the impact part tool steel and a wooden handle, or have a more ergonomic shape and some additional features. For example, its handle can be made made of high strength material fiberglass or carbon, and the shock part - from titanium or other high strength steel with special anti-corrosion coating and undergone special heat treatment. As additional function there may be a holder for nails, which will allow you to work with one hand. And its design can be foldable or collapsible, making it very compact and easy to store.

4. Sledgehammer

This the biggest, powerful and heavy type of hammer.Weight such a tool can reach 4-10 kg, but there are more serious tools that have a weight of the working part and up to 16 kg. Their apply for jobs that require high impact force but little precision, such as dismantling partition walls, old tiles, crushing concrete or stone, driving posts into the ground, driving wedges and other hard work.

Head this tool is completed made of high strength steel by forging followed by heat treatment in the form of hardening to the required hardness and can be in the form of a parallelepiped or an ordinary hammer. By the way, hardened layer depth after hardening reaches 30 mm. The handle has a larger diameter and length compared to previous models, which means two-handed operation.

Length the handle is directly proportional to the weight of the working part of the sledgehammer: the higher it is, the longer the handle and can reach 120 cm, but usually is in the range of 80-90 cm. The cheapest sledgehammers have wooden handle, but can also be all-metal.

Hole into which the handle is inserted, has a conical shape and the handle itself is inserted from above and does not need to be wedged. This assembly method is completely prevents slipping massive head. When working with a sledgehammer, you must be extremely careful, because it is considered a traumatic tool. Varieties sledgehammers some, but the most used is a blunt-nosed sledgehammer weighing 2-16 kg, longitudinal or sharp-nosed transverse, which weigh from 3 to 8 kg. Preferred handle option- rubberized, it is more expensive than wood, but the tool will be securely held in hands and dampen vibration during impacts.

5. Mallet

This type of hammers can also be attributed to straightening hammers. They are meant for alignment iron products that have undergone deformation, drainage systems, roofing works and other works related to the use sheet metal.

Such a tool has one very interesting feature . The impact part of the straightening hammer is made with an internal cavity, which is filled with sand or fine shot. This structure made it possible to completely dampen the inertia of the hammer during impact. When working, it does not bounce off the surface and practically “sticks” to it. Such hammers got the name inertial. They are made of rubber or polyurethane, and some models are made of metal with interchangeable heads made of a softer material.

mallets are intended for locksmith and carpentry work, namely for straightening, leveling or fitting large elements made of soft metals or wood. shock part tool completed made of rubber or hardwood such as birch or elm. Rubber can be either black or white. Whitemallets It is preferable, since dark stripes can remain on light surfaces from hitting with black rubber.

As handle material wood, plastic or metal is used, usually the handle has the shape of a circle in cross section. Depending on destination mallets may have different shape shock part. Carpentry tools are cylindrical or barrel-shaped, while locksmith's mallets have one side wedge-shaped. The advantage of these types of hammers is that they do not leave dents or marks on the work surface.

When choosing mallets must be guided by the type of work performed. If these are more precise actions, then a tool of small weight from 220 to 450 g is enough for you, if you need more impact force, then pay attention to a tool weighing from 900 to 1000 g. Price policy This type of hammer is very different, but you should not choose the most expensive mallet. You will hardly be able to detect differences from the medium pricing tool, which means that you will overpay for the “name”.

6. Pick or pick

This hand tool use for working with hard materials, namely, with stone or rocky soil, for the dismantling of old masonry and many other hard work. Design picks are very simple. It consists of their shock part and handle. The shock part can be bilateral or unilateral. The second option will look like a long spike, at the end of which there will be a rounding or a regular hammer. A double-sided pick has either two symmetrical long spikes, or a spike and a narrow blade. In any embodiment, the spikes will be slightly bent, and arc. This design is more efficient and allows you to reduce the recoil force during impact.