Vyshny Volochek population size. Vyshny Volochyok: history and sights. Brief guide. It will be very interesting to visit
Time for inspection: 2-3 hours (city), day (city and detailed inspection of Vyshnevolotskaya water system).
Why go to Vyshny Volochek:
- 1. "Tverskaya Venice" is a well-preserved historical center built on the banks of canals and rivers flowing in different directions.
- 2. Kazan convent end of the 19th century - one of the most beautiful in the Tver region.
- 3. The Vyshnevolotsk water system is the oldest artificial waterway in Russia, which began to function as early as the 1700s, and has been developing and rebuilding for 250 years. Here you can see locks, beishlots, canals, reservoirs of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.
- 4. The beautiful nature of the Valdai Upland, which at one time was a real "Mecca" for Russian artists, as the buildings of the Academic Dacha remind of.
Orientation: The city has a clear rectangular layout, the center is located north of the Tveretsky Canal and is divided by the Tsnin Canal into two parts: the City part (where the commercial and residential quarters are located) and the Ostrov, where the administrative buildings were located (the most important street is Ostashkovskaya). The current center of the city is Venetsianov Square, from where the paths to the most important objects diverge. Kazansky Prospekt leads to the railway station, the bus station can be reached along Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, to the Kazan Monastery - along Sievers (Volodarsky) Street, which continues the Vanchakov Line, where the old buildings are most fully preserved. The Tsninsky and Tveretsky canals are located within the city, the Vyshnevolotsky reservoir is to the west, and the Novo-Tveretsky canal runs to the south.
The first notable building in Vyshny Volochek is Train Station. Built in the eclectic style, along with the entire Nikolaevskaya railway, the station has survived almost without reconstruction - thus, we can say that this is the oldest operating station in Russia.
Epiphany Cathedral (1814).
Photo: Ilya Buyanovsky
Historical Center
The historical center of Volochka is small, but relatively well preserved. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, Volochek was a prosperous merchant city, and therefore its urban development would have done honor to many provincial centers. The Tsnin Canal divided the city into two main parts: the City (eastern shore), where commercial and civil life was concentrated, and the Ostrov (behind the canal), where administrative buildings were located. This division remains to this day, however, the old buildings look neglected and dilapidated.
City part. Historical buildings have been preserved at a distance of 1-2 blocks from the embankment. Between Kazansky Prospekt and the bank of Tsna there are two symmetrical buildings of Torgovy Ryady, between which the Kazan Cathedral stood until 1935. Now the northern building has been restored and is used for its intended purpose, the southern one is abandoned, but the Vyshnevolotsk shopping malls are large even for the regional center. North of the shopping arcade is located Venetsianovsky square- the center of city life, however, heavily littered and unkempt. Installed in the park monument to Alexei Gavrilovich Venetsianov- Russian artist, founder of "everyday painting". The park is surrounded on all sides ancient buildings(the most interesting is the Vanchakova line - a street with one-way buildings), among which a worthy provincial city stands out Vyshnevolotsk Drama Theater founded in 1896. This is one of the oldest and best theaters in the Tver province.
Island . Another historical district of the city is located on an artificial island between the Tsna loop and the Tsnin Canal. From the shopping arcade leads here Petersburg bridge, decorated with openwork lattices - the oldest and largest bridge in the city. Under the bridge there is a small peninsula, on which rises a snow-white Cathedral of the Epiphany(1814, rebuilt in 1866 in a pseudo-Russian style) is a symbol of the city, rather unprepossessing in architecture, but extremely spectacularly located among the water. Petersburg Bridge passes into Ostashkovskaya Street, to the left of which there is a magistrate - a huge building in the style of early classicism (late 18th century), crowned with a fire tower (early 20th century), clearly visible from the opposite bank. To the right, at the corner of the Tsnin Canal and Artyukhin Street, is the Travel Palace of Catherine II - one of many built on the Moscow-Petersburg road according to a single project (similar palaces are also preserved in Torzhok and Tver) - now occupied by a school. However, stone buildings on the Island are available only at the Tsnin Knal, while most of it is built up. wooden mansions characteristic architecture (almost all with a mezzanine, many are decorated with carvings), the most spectacular of which stands at the corner of Ostashkovskaya and Turgenevskaya streets. In general, the historical environment of the Island has been preserved noticeably better than in the City part.
Kazan Monastery
The Kazan Monastery is located on the eastern outskirts of the city, where (along Volodarsky Street) there is a bus and fixed-route taxi No. 10 (quite rare), two kilometers from the center. The monastery arose in 1872 through the efforts of Prince Putyatin, and St. John of Kronstadt played an important role in its creation. The Greek Andronikov Icon of the Mother of God was kept in the monastery, according to legend, painted by the Evangelist Luke - it came to Russia from Byzantium, but was lost in 1984. The ensemble of the monastery was formed at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, and three buildings are most interesting: an eclectic bell tower, the 13-domed Kazan Cathedral of the most complex architecture - one of the most beautiful in Tver land, and Andronikov Cathedral, similar to the creations of Tone. The ensemble of the monastery also includes residential and commercial buildings, but their architecture is very primitive. The monastery is closed to tourists, and you can get inside only during the evening service on Saturday and morning on Sunday.
In addition, on the banks of the Vyshnevolotsk reservoir, at the mouth of the Tabolka River, there are Fraternal cemetery during the war, where 1727 soldiers and officers who died in Vyshnevolotsk hospitals are buried.
Tsnin Canal.
Photo: Ilya Buyanovsky
Vyshnevolotsk water system
The Vyshnevolotsk water system is an ancient system of navigable canals and rivers that connected the basins of the Caspian (Volga) and Baltic (Neva) seas. The ancient waterway, which was still used by Novgorod merchants, was turned into a navigable highway during the time of Peter I, and in the XVIII - early XIX century was the most important transport artery of Russia. The center of the water system was Vyshny Volochek, standing on the watershed of Tvertsa and Tsna, that is, in the "node" of the water system.
Scheme . The Vyshnevolotsk waterway begins in Tver, from where the ships from the Volga went up the Tvertsa (on oars, or with the help of barge haulers). In the region of Vyshny Volochek, on the Valdai Upland, Tvertsa approaches the Tsna, which flows to the north, only 1.5 kilometers - there was an ancient portage, and in the 18th-19th centuries, through the efforts of M. Serdyukov, O. Koritsky and Y. Sievers, there was the most important node of the Vyshnevolotsk water system was created, including several canals, the Vyshnevolotsk reservoir, numerous hydraulic structures of different eras. Further along the Tsna, the path led to Lake Mstinskoye, and from it along the Msta River (a lock was preserved at its source) to Lake Ilmen and Volkhov (moreover, from Msta to Volkhov they got not through the lake, but through two navigable channels), which in the area of Novaya Ladoga intersected with the Ladoga canals, which united the Vyshnevolotsk water system with the Tikhvin and Mariinsky canals built later.
The oldest structure of the Vyshnevolotsk system, and indeed the oldest shipping canal in Russia in general, is the Tveretsky Canal, which limits the historical part of the city from the south. In the first version, it was dug in place of the portage in 1703-1709 by Dutch craftsmen under the leadership of Prince Gagarin, and was called Gagarinsky. However, only with the reconstruction of the times of Serdyukov, the canal began to function properly. This canal is the most important structure of the entire Vyshnevolotsk water system, since at the bottom of the canal Tvertsa is born, flowing to the south, and the mouth of the canal opens into the Tsna, flowing to the north. The Tveretsky Canal is a very impressive structure, its width is about 30 meters, and it takes at least half an hour to walk along it (through the suburbs, then past the factories, and then the canal leads out of the city). The urban part of the canal is in poor condition - the banks are overgrown with grass and littered with debris, but in some places the remains of stone cladding have been preserved on the suburban part. At the exit of the canal, far from Tsna, there is a modern concrete Tveretsky lock (the wooden one built by Serdyukov has not been preserved), over which two obelisks, erected by Catherine II, survived.
Tsna within the boundaries of Vyshny Volochyok is strongly spring-loaded, and is located opposite the historical center Tver Venice- many islands between channels connected by bridges: there are more than 30 bridges and bridges in Volochka. However, the islands are occupied by a park, and there are no ancient buildings on them. A little north of the mouth of the Tveretsky Canal is located boat station where you can rent a boat or a catamaran in summer. Tsna here makes a big loop, which is straightened by the Tsnin Canal (aka Serdyukovsky, named after the builder), which begins at the Petersburg Bridge. Narrow (about 15 meters) and winding, the canal winds picturesquely between parks and ancient buildings, and, unlike the Tveretsky Canal, is maintained in good condition: the banks are lined with granite, the water is clear. In general, unlike the Tveretsky Canal, blocked by bridges and pipelines, the Tsnin Canal has been preserved almost in its original form, and is suitable for boat trips. On Tsna itself, the only hydraulic structure of Serdyukov’s time is of great interest: Tsnin beishlot. You can go to it along Turgenev Street, and the beishlot is a two-span dam lined with granite slabs and equipped with a modern lifting mechanism upstairs. However, the Beishlot outlet itself is completely wooden, and has hardly changed its appearance over the past 250 years. Perhaps this beyshlot is the most interesting historical object in Volochka.
Behind the beishlot there is a large, rather simple in terms of architecture Vyshnevolotsk hydroelectric building(end of the 18th century), where the directorate of the water system is located.
To the west of Volochka there is a vast Vyshnevolotsk reservoir. This is the oldest reservoir in Russia (not counting the pond of the Alapaevsky plant in the Urals), and it was originally called Zavodskoy (from the Serdyukov plants that stood on the banks). It was created by Serdyukov, and its original area was only 9 km 2. However, this reservoir was the most important part of the Serdyukov project, since it maintained a constant water level in the Tsna and the Tveretsky Canal, which allowed ships to pass the Vyshnevolotsky waterway in low water. Under Osip Ivanovich Koritsky, the reservoir was expanded to 68 km 2 (at the same time, an earthen dam was built near the Moscow-Petersburg road, which protected the tract from flooding), and its last reconstruction was carried out in the 1930s, when the reservoir reached an area of 109 km 2, turning into a huge reservoir of fresh water. At the same time, a few kilometers south of Volochka, the Novo-Tveretsky Canal was dug, 5 kilometers long, through which the water of Tsna and Msta was supplied to Tvertsa, and from there, through the Volga and the Moscow Canal, to the capital, providing 8% of the water consumed in Moscow.
An integral part of the Vyshnevolotsk water system is the estate located on the banks of the Vyshnevolotsk reservoir, in a remote area of Kasharovo (bus No. 9 from Vyshny Volochyok) Mikhail Ivanovich Serdyukov. The ensemble of buildings of this estate is one of the oldest in Russia and includes main house and outbuildings in the Baroque style, outbuildings, zeihgauz. Visited the estate more than once Peter the First, and according to legend, a barberry bush growing near the main house was planted by the emperor himself.
Museums
Vyshnevolotsk Museum of Local Lore. Address: Kazansky Prospekt, 63-65. Apparently temporarily closed.
Settlement near the portage between Tsna and Tvertsa
According to the Russian historian, the first mention of Vyshny Volochek in the annals dates back to 1135. The Moscow Chronicle of the end of the 15th century under 1196 mentions the portage itself in the area of the modern city: “And Yaroslav the prince in, and along the volost and the tribute of the tribute, and along the top of the Masta for the dragging of the tribute of the tribute”. Difficulties with dating the first annalistic mention of Volochok lie in the fact that among the many portages mentioned in Russian chronicles it is often difficult or impossible to establish which one was meant.
However, officially, the first mention of Vyshny Volochek is usually attributed to 1437, when the delegation of the Russian Church, headed by Metropolitan Isidore, proceeded from the Florentine Cathedral through this settlement. Isidor traveled to Volochok on horseback, here he changed to a boat, "and the horses walked along the shore". Half a century later, in 1493, the clerk Yolka set off from Moscow on embassy business, he sailed from, stopped in Torzhok and made a change in Vyshny Volochek, here he received "ship and rowers and silicon".
The settlement that existed here received its name "Vyshny Volochek" from small area portage, where it was necessary to drag merchant ships, plows, boats and boats overland from the Tsna River to Tvertsa or vice versa. The Great Trade Route between the Caspian and Baltic Seas passed here. Due to the shallow water, the ships could not overcome this distance along the river, so they had to drag about 10 versts of the ship by land. Having sailed along Tsna and Lake Mstino, the ships went to Msta, which flows into Lake Ilmen, further into Volkhov, Lake Ladoga, Neva and the Baltic Sea.
The overland route from Moscow and Tver to Novgorod also ran in this place. The movement was brisk, trade developed rapidly. A settlement arose, which was called "volochok", where it was possible to exchange salt, bread, handicrafts, furs and other goods. The name "Vyshny Volochek" (i.e., the upper one) began to be used to distinguish it from another "drag" - the "lower" one, located downstream of the Msta, where they bypassed the Mstinsky rapids.
During the reign, the Vyshnevolotsky pit was established here - a postal station, inns and stables were built. It is known that the settlement was destroyed by the troops of Ivan III in 1471 during a campaign against Novgorod.
TO XVI century Vyshny Volochek becomes a large craft and trade settlement of the Bezhetskaya Pyatina. It was called the Nikolsky churchyard, as well as the churchyard on Vyshny Volochek. According to information for 1546, Vyshny Volochek had 73 tax yards, 13 church yards, and 9 empty ones. From the scribe book of 1582 it is known that there were 2 churches, one barn, 5 shops, 45 yards. From 1546 to 1582 the number of yards was halved. According to some researchers, the reason for this reduction could be the oprichnina army, passing through the village from Tver and heading for a punitive campaign against Veliky Novgorod.
troubles Time of Troubles Volochek was not bypassed, it was captured and destroyed by Polish troops. Vyshny Volochek was repeatedly mentioned by foreign travelers who visited Muscovy in the 17th century. The travel album of the Austrian baron, traveler and diplomat Augustin Meyerberg even preserved his image, made in 1661 and signed: "Vyshny Volochek, the village of the Grand Duke by the river Tsna".
Vyshnevolotsk water system
I decided to cut a navigable canal through Volochek in order to open a continuous waterway to the Baltic Sea from the Volga and from the inner provinces, so that goods were brought to the ports "Without overturning the earth".
January 12, 1703 Peter I signed a decree on "digging works" between Tsna and Tvertsa, on the site of an ancient portage. The construction management was entrusted to Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, but in fact the construction of the canal was carried out under the "supervision" of the prince's nephew, Vasily Ivanovich Gagarin. In charge of the technical side of the business was entrusted to the "slut master" Adrian Gowter "with comrades", hired in Amsterdam. On excavation working people were driven from different counties, the number of which reached 10 thousand people.
In the period from 1703 to 1708. in the area of Vyshny Volochok, a large complex of hydraulic structures is being built. The man-made Tveretsky Canal, originally called the Gagarin Canal, connected Tvertsa and Tsna, thus for the first time connecting two seas - the Baltic and the Caspian. To hold water on the canal, two locks were built, both banks were reinforced with piles. The water level in Tvertsa was higher than the level of Tsna, therefore, on Tsna, below the mouth of the canal, additional dams and locks were also arranged.
The first sluice made of white oxbow stone, 8 meters wide, was built in 1705 somewhat above the confluence of the Shlina River with the Tsna. It was single-chamber (according to the "German system"), i.e. designed for a single passage of ships, this caused delays for ships traveling in caravans. In addition, it was built in a low place and in the spring of 1707 flood waters bypassed it, washing away the poorly fortified shore. Therefore, above this lock, two wooden lintels were built with gates arranged in each; the new structure was already designed for caravan navigation. On Tsne, an additional third jumper had to be built.
In 1706, the first Russian newspaper, Vedomosti, reported that "672 ships passed through this pit."
Navigation through an artificial water system, the first in, opened in the spring of 1709. Vessels sailing from the Volga safely proceeded through hollow water along the Tvertsa River and the canal. However, with the onset of summer, it turned out that the channel was too shallow. Already in 1710, plows with timber could not pass through the canal. Navigation was possible only in spring (with the "first high water") and autumn (with the onset of the rainy season). In addition, the hydraulic structures were built unreliably, as a result of which, in 1718, the gates of the locks on Tsna were washed away by “spring water”.
Mikhail Ivanovich Serdyukov was entrusted with rebuilding the Vyshnevolotsk water system, and he became its true creator.
Serdyukov has long been looking for the application of his hydraulic knowledge and experience. After the accident of the Tsna locks, which happened in 1718, he sent a report to the king, in which he proposed to use the Shlina River, which flows into the Tsna. Peter I summoned M. I. Serdyukov for a personal report at. Already on June 26, 1719, by decree of the Senate, the Tveretsky Canal and locks were transferred to Serdyukov for maintenance. For the work done, he was granted the right to receive income from mills, the sale of wine, and from stationery and customs fees for 50 years.
In the same year, Mikhail Serdyukov began work. The Tveretsky canal was cleaned out, the lock on it was repaired. In 1722, the Shlina River already flowed along a new channel, and the volume of water in Tsna doubled. Now, even in the summer, heavily laden barges traveled freely from Tver to Vyshny Volochyok and beyond. In the same year, the Tsnin Canal, which for a long time was called Serdyukovsky, was dug, and wooden locks were built at its ends. The intention of Peter I was fulfilled: ships from the Volga towards St. Petersburg now passed without stopping all summer, navigation along the Vyshnevolotsk system went in caravans of 100-200 ships each.
Vyshny Volochyok in the status of a city
On May 28, 1770, at the suggestion of Count Ya. E. Sivers, who was appointed governor of Novgorod in 1764, she signed a decree on raising Vyshny Volochok to the status of a city. On April 2, 1772, the empress signed a decree on the structure and coat of arms of the newly established city.
In 1785, Catherine II decided to inspect the Vyshnevolotsk water system "on her own". In Vyshny Volochek, the empress stopped at the stone Travel Palace, built shortly before her arrival, in 1779, on the embankment of the Tsnin Canal, which was illuminated by thousands of lamps and torches. A pier and a gallery with a balustrade were also built on the canal. The next day after her arrival, Catherine II inspected the Vyshnevolotsk canals, the new granite Zavodskoy beishlot (dam), the passage of ships through the Tsnin and Tveretsky locks, and the release of ships into Msta. At the same time, the empress personally indicated a place for the construction of a new Mstinsky granite lock 2 versts downstream. The lock was built in 1792 and served for almost two centuries, and now it stands as a monument to the long-gone Catherine's era and the entire Vyshnevolotsk water system.
Transportation through the system reached its maximum in 1823-1829.
The first half of the 19th century in Vyshny Volochek was marked by the emergence of industrial enterprises; four brick factories, two candle factories, a tannery and a rope factory worked here. Three schools were opened: county religious and civil schools, as well as a school for soldiers' children.
In 1833-1841. Mikhail Fedorovich Vanchakov, a merchant of the 1st guild, an honorary citizen of Vyshny Volochyok, was elected three times as mayor. Under him, the city becomes one of the most comfortable cities in the province: three stone bridges were built (Tveretsky, St. Petersburg and Tsninsky), old wooden bridges were replaced with stone ones, stone church Life-Giving Trinity. By the middle of the 19th century, Vyshny Volochyok was one of the largest cities in the Tver province.
In 1843, the construction of the Nikolaev railway began. In August 1849, traffic was opened on the section from Vyshny Volochok to Tver, in the fall of 1851 the road was opened throughout. In 1870, traffic began along the Rybinsk-Bologovskaya railway. The main cargo flow quickly switched to the railway lines, the Vyshnevolotsk water system began to lose its significance. The main direction of development of Vyshny Volochyok is industrial production: woodworking, textile and glass industries are developing in the city.
In 1857, Flor Yakovlevich Ermakov founded the Volochek textile factory in the Soldatskaya Sloboda (now it is the Paris Commune factory). In the same year, in the village of Zavorovo, the trading house "A. Shilov and Son” a paper-spinning factory was built, in 1869 it was sold at auction to the brothers Ryabushinsky (now the “Vyshnevolotsk Cotton Mill”).
In the List of populated places of the Tver province for 1859, the county town of Vyshny-Volochok is indicated "with the suburban settlement Novoe-Fedovo" "by the river Tsna, Tsnin and Tveretsky canals." The city had 2,409 houses and 13,554 inhabitants - 6,283 males and 7,271 females. Specified: 5 Orthodox churches, 2 chapels, a district school, a district religious school, a school of cantonists, a hospital, a postal station, a grain marina, 13 factories and plants, 1 fair.
In 1875, the Vyshnevolotsk merchant Nikifor Fedorov, a native of economic peasants, founded a sawmill equipped with a steam boiler with a capacity of 25 horsepower (now the Vyshnevolotsk furniture and woodworking plant). In 1881, the Moscow merchant Prokhorov founded the Tabolka factory in Vyshny Volochek, the second large factory of the Prokhorovskaya manufactory, which received the name Proletarian Avant-Garde in Soviet times (closed in the 2000s).
In 1896, on the initiative of the hereditary merchant and Honorary Citizen Nikolai Nikiforovich Fedorov, a drama circle was created, which after the revolution became the People's Theater (now the Vyshnevolotsk Regional Drama Theater).
After the revolution
In 1918, the river fleet was nationalized and local navigation along Msta and Tvertsa ceased, while the alloying of wood increased, which was alloyed in the cheapest way - in bulk. In the 1920s the main hydraulic structures of the Vyshnevolotsk watershed section, which had deteriorated during the years of the First World War and the revolution, were repaired. The Shishkovsky spillway, broken through in the spring of 1924, was replaced by a new beishlot.
In 1941-1943. Vyshny Volochek, located in the front line, was raided by German aircraft. Large public buildings were equipped as hospitals, in total there were 21 hospitals in the city.
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OKATO code: 28414Based: 1471
City since: 1770 City of regional subordination
Center: Vyshnevolotsky district Deviation from Moscow time, hours: 0
Geographic latitude: 57°35"
Geographic longitude: 34°34"
Height above sea level, meters: 160
Sunrise and sunset times for Vyshny Volochyok
Map
Vyshny Volochyok: photo from space (Google Maps)
Vyshny Volochyok: photo from space (Microsoft Virtual Earth)
| Supreme Volochek. Nearest cities. Distances in km. on the map (in brackets on roads) + direction. By hyperlink in column distance you can get the route (information courtesy of the AutoTransInfo website) |
|||
| 1 | Krasnomaisky | 9 () | NW |
| 2 | Spirovo | 31 (48) | SE |
| 3 | 42 (51) | SW | |
| 4 | 45 (54) | NW | |
| 5 | Firovo | 52 () | W |
| 6 | Ozerny | 60 () | NW |
| 7 | 65 (124) | YU | |
| 8 | 65 (74) | YU | |
| 9 | 74 (109) | SE | |
| 10 | Maksatikha | 81 (92) | IN |
| 11 | 88 (90) | NW | |
| 12 | Rameshki | 92 (152) | IN |
| 13 | Forest | 96 (172) | SW |
| 14 | 98 (139) | NW | |
| 15 | 100 (200) | SW | |
| 16 | Moshenskoye (Novgorod region) | 102 (192) | WITH |
| 17 | Selizharovo | 105 (247) | SW |
| 18 | 113 (132) | SE | |
| 19 | 115 (176) | NW | |
| 20 | 120 (136) | YU | |
a brief description of
Located on the northeastern outskirts of the Valdai Upland, on the river. Tsna, 119 km northwest of Tver.
Pier on the Vyshnevolotsk reservoir. Railway station.
Territory (sq. km): 54
Information about the city of Vyshny Volochek on the Russian Wikipedia site
Historical outline
It arose as a settlement on the trade route from Novgorod to Moscow - the portage between the rivers Msta (Lake Ilmen basin) and Tvertsa (the left tributary of the Volga), known since 1471. Volok (reduced portage) is a land section of the waterway on which ships with the help of simple devices (skating rinks, gates) or simply by muscular strength were transported across the watershed from one river to another. The definition of superior (i.e., "upper") contrasted it with the Nizhny Volochka, located downstream of the river. Msta (on it bypassed the Mstinsky rapids).
Goods that were lifted on small ships to the Nikolo-Stolbenskaya pier were unloaded and transported by tug to the river. Tsna, where Vyshny Volochek was located.
In the 16th century a large craft village, called Nikolsky churchyard or Churchyard on Vyshny Volochek.
In 1703-1722. by order of Peter I, under the guidance of Dutch masters, a canal was built near Vyshny Volochok - the first artificial waterway that connected the basin of the river. Volga with Petersburg. The route through Msta and Tvertsa to the Volga was one of the important routes of communication between Western countries and the countries of Southeast Asia.
From the 18th century sawmills, mills, forges began to appear in Vyshny Volochek and its environs, shipbuilding developed. But the main occupation of the city's population was the maintenance of ships passing through the Vyshnevolotsk water system.
Since 1770, Vyshny Volochek has been a city in the Novgorod province. Since 1775, the county town of the Tver viceroy (since 1796 - Tver province).
In the second half of the 19th century Vyshny Volochyok is a major center of the textile industry. It was one of the most comfortable cities in the Tver province. It was decorated with canals and gateways, surrounded by gardens and boulevards.
With the reduction of traffic on the Vyshnevolotsk water system and the formation of new shopping centers near the railway (Bologoe, Spirovo) economic importance cities fell sharply.
In 1856, in the county town of Vyshny Volochek, Tver province, there were 5 churches, 1671 houses, 226 shops.
Until 1917, Vyshny Volochyok was a place of political exile. Here she was served by V.G. Korolenko, V.P. Obnorsky.
Indicators of the municipality
| Index | 2001 |
| Demography | |
| Number of births, per 1000 population | 7.9 |
| Number of deaths, per 1000 population | 25.2 |
| Natural increase (decrease), per 1000 population | -17.3 |
| The standard of living of the population and the social sphere | |
| Average monthly nominal accrued wage, rub. | 2185 |
| Average dwelling area per inhabitant (at the end of the year), sq.m | 23 |
| Number preschool institutions, PC. | 19 |
| Number of children in preschool institutions, thousand people | 1.5 |
| Number of daytime educational institutions (at the beginning school year), PC. | 17 |
| Number of students in daytime general education institutions, thousand people | 7.2 |
| Number of doctors, pers. | 276 |
| Number of paramedical personnel, pers. | 931 |
| Number of hospitals, pcs. | 4 |
| Number of hospital beds, thousand units | 0.9 |
| Number of medical outpatient clinics, pcs. | 6 |
| Capacity of medical outpatient clinics, visits per shift, thous. | 0.8 |
| Number of registered crimes, pcs. | 1950 |
| Identified persons who committed crimes, pers. | 1213 |
| Economy, industry | |
| Number of enterprises and organizations (at the end of the year), pcs. | 1166 |
| Construction | |
| Amount of work performed by type of activity "Construction" (before 2004 - the amount of work performed under construction contracts), million rubles. | 77.3 |
| Commissioning of residential buildings, thousand square meters of total area | 3.1 |
| Commissioning of residential buildings, apartments | 26 |
| Commissioning of preschool institutions, places | 0 |
| Commissioning of educational institutions, places | 0 |
| Commissioning of hospital facilities, beds | 0 |
| Commissioning of outpatient clinics, visits per shift | 0 |
| Transport | |
| Number of bus routes (in intracity traffic), pcs. | 9 |
| Number of passengers transported by buses during the year (in intracity traffic), mln. | 21.3 |
| Connection | |
| Number of residential telephone sets of the city telephone network common use, thousand pieces | 7.1 |
| Trade and public services | |
| turnover retail(in actual prices), million rubles | 900.9 |
| Retail trade turnover (in actual prices), per capita, rub. | 10032 |
| turnover Catering(in actual prices), million rubles | 12.1 |
| The volume of paid services to the population (in actual prices), million rubles | 186.4 |
| The volume of paid services to the population (in actual prices), per capita, rub. | 2076 |
| The volume of household services to the population (in actual prices), million rubles | 18.3 |
| The volume of household services to the population (in actual prices), per capita, rub. | 204 |
| Investments | |
| Investments in fixed assets (in actual prices), million rubles | 74.5 |
| The share of investments in fixed assets financed from budgetary funds in the total volume of investments, % | 7.3 |
Data sources:
- Regions of Russia. Main characteristics of subjects Russian Federation: statistical compendium. Goskomstat of Russia. - M:, 2003.
Economy
Cotton mill. Spinning and weaving, knitting factories. Pilot-experimental, glass, woodworking factories.
Factory "Piano" (production of pianos, guitars), mirror-framing, etc. Food industry enterprises.
In the Vyshnevolotsk region, in the village of Krasnoarmeisky, there is a glass factory; in the village of Zelenogorsky - a plant of enzyme preparations.
Main enterprises
WOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY
OJSC "Vyshnevolotsky furniture DOK"171110, Tver region, Vyshny Volochek, st. Lesozavodskaya, 3
Offers: Chipboard, furniture, wood resin, textured paper
GLASS INDUSTRY
JSC "Glassworks "Red May""171110, Tver region, Vyshny Volochek, Krasny May village
Offers: building glass, glassware
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
CJSC "Bolshevichka"171110, Tver region, Vyshny Volochek, yard of the Bakery
Offers: cotton fabrics, harsh fabrics, gauze
Culture, science, education
Once in a conversation, the interlocutor mentioned that he was from Vyshny Volochok. "Our city is beautiful, it's not for nothing that they call it Venice of the North." I immediately remembered that every sandpiper praises his swamp. Looking later at the map of the city, I realized that, at least in terms of the presence of a large amount of water in the city, the citizen was not mistaken. The Internet reported that Vyshny Volochyok is an ancient city and is well preserved. Well, I had to go, figure out how many "Northern Venice" we have in our country.
The history of the city is interesting. Rivers flowing into different seas flow within its boundaries. From the Caspian Sea to the Baltic Sea, it was practically possible to sail on water almost everywhere, and only in Vyshny Volochek did ships have to be pulled out and dragged overland. At that distant time, a Buryat youth showed up in the city, over whom a local non-poor resident took custody, who gave him his last name. This guy became Serdyukov. The newly-minted Serdyukov proposed to create a system of canals that would connect the rivers with each other. Of course, Peter 1, who loved such undertakings, liked this idea, and hydraulic structures were built. And Serdyukov himself was honored to stand next to the sovereign on the square near the city station.
After the completion of the construction of the water system, part of the cargo went through Vyshny Volochek. Which allowed some citizens to get rich quickly. Despite some decline later, some of them did not squander their savings. Their houses can be calculated immediately. They are gradually sinking under the weight of goodness.
The Moscow-Petersburg highway passes through the city. It will take a long time to get there. But immediately after the crossroads, antiquity begins. The city center takes us at least a hundred years back.
There are some very interesting examples.
A large proportion of wooden buildings.
There are several canals running through the city. Their scheme is not simple, it seems that there is a lot of water here.
A distinctive feature of local water resources are floating tables near the shore, which are multi-purpose items. What underwear, for example, lay out on them when rinsing, what to settle down in a friendly company for outdoor activities.
True, at the time of my arrival, the lock structures were under reconstruction, and therefore the water level in many places was below the usual norm.
Lovers of the ruins will not leave Volochok disappointed. Here they will have something to see.
One collapsed house is located just opposite the administration building. It is not known, of course, how Pyotr Alekseevich would have reacted to such liberalism ... Severe was too ...
A monument without an inscription attracted attention. This happens if a person should know everything without it. I would venture to suggest that this is Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Only it stands somehow tragically against a blank brick wall ...
Epiphany Cathedral. It was built already heated (inside a complex system of chimneys, a stove in the basement). That is why it has been well preserved. There are huge logs of firewood nearby, which make it simple and affordable.
There is a famous theater in Vyshny Volochek.
Next to it is a monument to Catherine II.
There are several lions in the neighboring park.
And a monument to a famous artist. His last name, of course, is Venetsianov.
There are several buildings of the early Soviet period in the city.
Opposite is the City Court. But the road to it is overgrown with grass. Although standing next to Vladimir Ilyich with a broad gesture offers to go through to apply.
And by no means can it be said that the inhabitants of Vyshny Volochok are somehow deprived of leisure. At their service is a complete provincial gentleman's set.
Fishing.
Where else can you see a TV star leaving the studio without serious security?
It looks like a luxury home. (Who else in our country fences off from the rest with a high fence?...). The playground is interesting but empty. Apparently, the birth of children among businessmen is still only in the plans.
The city park is located on an island (or islands). But unlike megacities, here on the lawns they walk not dogs, but cows. Which, you see, is more practical.
Above the central stage is a universal inscription. In principle, you can not change at all ...
The interior is slowly being renovated.
It can be seen that the leadership of the temple really appreciates the prospects, and therefore, instead of painting the walls and ceiling, visitors are greeted by hung canvases...
The main reservoir of the water system is the Tsnin reservoir.
There is a military memorial on its bank.
Near the building of an old factory.
It seemed that a human figure flashed in the roadside bushes. But you never know, with whom it does not happen ...
The city of Vyshny Volochyok is located on the territory of the state (country) Russia, which in turn is located on the territory of the continent Europe.What federal district does Vyshny Volochyok belong to?
Vyshny Volochyok is part of the federal district: Central.The Federal District is an enlarged territory, consisting of several subjects of the Russian Federation.
What region is Vyshny Volochyok in?
The city of Vyshny Volochyok is part of the Tver region.A characteristic of a region or a subject of a country is the possession of the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that make up the region.
The Tver region is an administrative unit of the state of Russia.
