Analysis of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands .... Analysis of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ... I erected a monument to myself meaning
Which begins with the words "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...". This is indeed one of the most recognizable poems of the great poet. In this article we will analyze Pushkin's poem "I erected a monument to myself ...", we will talk about the history of the creation and composition of the poem.
History of creation, composition and problems
The poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ..." was written a year before Pushkin's death, i.e. in 1836. It is the prototype of Derzhavin's poem "Monument". But Khodasevich believed that this poem was written in response to the poem of his friend Delvig, a lyceum student. This poem clearly shows, it is not in vain that they believe that just as Alexander I was the ruler, Pushkin was the best poet.
If we analyze the genre of the poem "I am a monument" by Pushkin, then it is worth noting that this is an Ode. It has an epigraph. As a genre, the ode was formed precisely after Pushkin's "Monument".
The poetic size is iambic, the stanzas are written in a quatrain. The use of Slavicisms added pathos, just characteristic of such a solemn genre. The rhythm of the work is set not only due to the poetic size, but also with the help of anaphora. When using such a means of artistic expression, the stress position of the line is highlighted.
The main theme - the poet and poetry, the appointment of a creative person in society. Pushkin rethinks the pressing problems and sums up his appointment. The poet wants his work to be remembered for centuries, so that his monument becomes the property of mankind and culture. Russian state. Pushkin is sure that poetry is immortal and eternal.
General analysis of the poem "I am a monument" by Pushkin
The first stanza indicates the significance of Pushkin's work, namely that his monument is higher than the "Alexandrian pillar". This is a column erected in honor of the ruler of St. Petersburg. Next comes the analogy of the poet with the prophet, where he predicts his popularity throughout Russia. In the Soviet Union, Pushkin's creative legacy was translated into many languages of the fraternal peoples. In stanza IV, Pushkin evaluates his work.
He believes that he deserved the people's love with his humanity and kindness of his works. He is an ardent defender of the Decembrists and revolutionaries. For these brave people, the poet is a breath of hope and a faithful teacher and mentor. Pushkin truly deserved people's love
In the last stanza, he turns to his muse, urging her to accept praise and glory without hesitation, because Pushkin considers himself a truly worthy poet of these laurels. He is like a ray in the dark realm of envious people. While reading the poem, one gets the feeling that this is a solemn ode or an ode to glorification. In conclusion, Pushkin calls people to universal forgiveness, humility, calmness, leaving all anger behind.
In this article, we conducted a relatively small analysis of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” by Pushkin. Certainly this work deserves our attention. We will be glad if our analysis of this poem helped you. On our site you can find many other analyzes of works, including works by Alexander Pushkin. To do this, visit the "Blog" section of our website.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is a great poet, writer, and also just a very creative person. It is he who deserves to be respected, understood with all clarity, since in his works there is sincerity and sometimes simplicity, which is sometimes lacking in real life. One hypocrisy and envy.
The work “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” is very unusual, at least in its meaning and content. This work is large in size, and it rhymes through each line, which is very convenient. The meaning of this work is very high, and it must be understood with all its clarity, since Pushkin in this poem writes about himself, writes that not everyone understands him, but many condemn him. Pushkin in this work is trying to convey both to the common people and to higher ranks that poets are people too, that they play a very important role in the life of society, and that it is not always as easy for them as it might seem. Pushkin made this poem, which consists of only five stanzas - an ode, and also, something like a hymn that should lead the peoples, show that poets are people, something bright, like a lighthouse that calls for justice, kindness , and most importantly - freedom, which is very subject to the Russian spirit.
The poem entitled “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” calls for responsibility for their words and deeds, especially those who are higher than ordinary peasants and ordinary people. It also proves that poets are not only obliged to please the ears of people with pleasant speech and compliments. Poets also have to, they simply have to guide people on the true path, showing in their works what is right and how to come out into the world pure and righteous. That is why Pushkin proclaims that he goes not only with a pleasant lyre to caress the ears of the people, but also to restore justice.
A complete analysis of the poem I erected a monument to myself miraculous ... Pushkin
The poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands" was written by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in 1836. This is the last year of the life of the great poet and writer. So after six months after writing the poem, he died. At that time, Pushkin's life was rather hard, because he was no longer recognized as much as in those days of his glory. Critics have become harsher towards him. And the tsar, the tsar whom Pushkin loved, simply ceased to favor him, he forbade the publication of his best works. Naturally, the mood of the verse is sad, and is set up to whitewash itself to some extent. In addition to these problems, Pushkin was in a state of lack of money, and there were also gossips around about his personal family life. In a word, nothing good happened in this year 1836.
That is why Pushkin undertook to write such a work at that moment. It was not easy, but he poured out all his feelings, desires and emotions on paper. His poem turned out - majestic and proud of its beauty of writing. With this poem, he, as it were, summed up the final result of his work. He writes in his verse, as it were, criticism of himself, but these words do not scold himself at all, but on the contrary, he tries to prove to everyone that he is not so bad, and that all his work is sincere and written from the heart.
Only because the poet understood that in the future he would become even more famous and that his descendants would understand the writer and poet, Pushkin withstood all the insults and dishonest words spoken against him. But still, despite the fact that he understood that in the future he would be understood better, Pushkin still regretted that he was not understood now. That is why the work “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” was written in this spirit. This is a beautiful work, written with all my heart, passionately and most importantly - sincere. Pushkin was never a hypocrite, and he expected this, perhaps from others. Now his state of sadness and surprise becomes even more understandable.
The genre of verse is attributed by critics to the ode. This work reflects on the meaning of life and about people, very different. Therefore, it is also referred to the philosophical type of works. The size of the work is estimated at iambic six-foot, it rhymes through each line. There are only five stanzas in the verse, and the very last verse is written in a solemn and majestic tone, in which one feels a barely noticeable sadness.
Analysis of the poem by Pushkin monument
A poem by A.S. Pushkin "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ..." sums up a certain result of the poet's work. The poet analyzes what he has done and how it will affect other people. The poem was written in last years life of the poet in 1836.
This poem reveals an important theme in the work of A.S. Pushkin is the divine vocation of the poet-prophet. A poet is not just a person who denounces his thoughts in rhyme. He is the viceroy of God on Earth, a prophet who tells people about the present, past and future. That is why the author puts himself above society, the state and the king. He raises his monument above the "Pillar of Alexandria". That is, the poet points out that even the victory over Napoleon in 1812 pales next to his works.
The poet says that he will always remain alive, because his soul, enclosed in lines, will remain on the lips of people. It will be called "every language that is in it." Here the poet raises not only the question of his greatness, but also the greatness of his native country. He compares himself with her and says that as the country is great, so is he.
The poet also points out that he is disobedient to anyone except "the command of God." The poet does not even use metaphors, he speaks openly about his rebellious head. The lines of this work show that the author is faithful only to his divine calling, and believes that his work is independent of no one.
He predicts his fate, says that his work will remain in eternity. Most importantly, for this poem, that A.S. Pushkin believes that it is not important how they will treat him, and what they will say about his work: "Praise and slander were accepted with indifference." And most importantly, he proclaims that it is not "needed to challenge a fool." The last lines of the work can be associated with precepts for future poets who will continue his work: "To the command of God, O muse, be obedient." Here again there is a motive for submission only to the divine power.
Analysis of the poem I erected a monument to myself miraculous ... according to plan
Perhaps you will be interested
- Analysis of the poem Do not wander, do not crush Yesenin in the crimson bushes
The analyzed work is one of the earliest in the work of the poet Yesenin. It is dedicated to lost love. Many repetitions of the pronoun give the effect of a dialogue with the very one, beloved, affectionate and tender.
- Analysis of Akhmatova's poem The Gray-Eyed King
The work of Anna Akhmatova has long been studied by literary critics and researchers - literary critics. For many, it remains a big mystery who this ballad is dedicated to..
- Analysis of Tyutchev's poem How deadly we love
This poem by Tyutchev begins and ends with one stanza. These are well-known lines where love is equal to murder, where a person for some reason destroys what is dearest to him. Or those who
- Analysis of the poem Yesenin's Green Hairstyle
Yesenin's lyrics clearly show the ability to humanize nature, to make natural phenomena similar to some elements of the human world and thus connect, as it were, two semantic fields: human and natural.
- Analysis of the poem Love is one Gippius
In this poem, Zinaida Gippius touches on the fundamental themes of human existence: love, eternity, soul, infinity, life, death. The general line through the whole poem extends the theme of love
What is a verse? Rhyming lines conveying some thought, nothing more. But if poems could be decomposed into molecules, consider the percentage of components, then everyone would understand that poetry is a much more complex structure. 10% text, 30% information and 60% feelings - that's what a verse is. Belinsky once said that in every feeling of Pushkin there is something noble, graceful and tender. It was these feelings that became the basis of his poetry. Was he able to transfer them in full? This can be said after the analysis “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” - the last work of the great poet.
remember me
The poem "Monument" was written shortly before the death of the poet. Here lyrical hero Pushkin himself spoke. He reflected on his difficult fate and the role he played in history. Poets tend to think about their place in this world. And Pushkin wants to believe that his work was not in vain. Like every representative of creative professions, he wants to be remembered. And with the poem "Monument" he seems to sum up his creative activity, as if saying: "Remember me."
The poet is eternal
“I have erected a monument to myself not made by hands”... This work reveals the theme of the poet and poetry, comprehends the problem of poetic fame, but most importantly, the poet believes that glory can conquer death. Pushkin is proud that his poetry is free, because he did not write for fame. As the lyricist himself once noted: "Poetry is a selfless service to humanity."
Reading a poem, you can enjoy its solemn atmosphere. Art will live forever, and its creator will certainly go down in history. Stories about him will be passed down from generation to generation, his words will be quoted and his ideas supported. The poet is eternal. He is the only person who is not afraid of death. As long as you are remembered, you exist.
But at the same time, solemn speeches are saturated with sadness. This verse is the last words of Pushkin, which put an end to his work. The poet seems to want to say goodbye, asking in the end for the smallest thing - to be remembered. This is the meaning of Pushkin's verse "Monument". His work is full of love for the reader. To the last, he believes in the power of the poetic word and hopes that he managed to fulfill the task entrusted to him.
Year of writing
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin died in 1837 (January 29). Some time later, among his notes, a draft version of the verse "Monument" was found. Pushkin indicated the year of writing 1836 (August 21). Soon the original work was handed over to the poet Vasily Zhukovsky, he made some literary corrections to it. But only four years later this poem saw the world. The verse "Monument" was included in the posthumous collection of the poet's works, published in 1841.
Disagreements
There are many versions of how this work was created. The history of the creation of Pushkin's "Monument" is really amazing. Creativity researchers still can't agree on one version, putting forward assumptions ranging from the extremely sarcastic to the completely mystical.
They say that the poem by A. S. Pushkin “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is nothing more than an imitation of the work of other poets. Works of this kind, the so-called "Monuments", can be traced in the works of G. Derzhavin, M. Lomonosov, A. Vostokov and other writers of the 17th century. In turn, adherents of Pushkin's work assure that he was inspired to create this poem by Horace's ode Exegi monumentum. The disagreements between Pushkinists did not end there, because researchers can only guess how the verse was created.
Irony and debt
In turn, Pushkin's contemporaries rather coolly accepted his "Monument". They saw in this poem nothing more than the praise of their poetic talents. And it was at least incorrect. However, admirers of his talent, on the contrary, considered the poem as a hymn to modern poetry.
Among the poet's friends there was an opinion that in this poem there is nothing but irony, and the work itself is a message that Pushkin left for himself. They believed that in this way the poet wanted to draw attention to the fact that his work deserves greater recognition and respect. And this respect should be backed up not only by exclamations of admiration, but also by some material incentives.
By the way, this assumption is somewhat confirmed by the notes of Pyotr Vyazemsky. With the poet he was good relations and could boldly assert that the word "not made by hands", used by the poet, had a slightly different meaning. Vyazemsky was sure he was right and repeatedly stated that the poem was about status in modern society, and not about cultural heritage poet. The highest circles of society recognized that Pushkin had a remarkable talent, but they did not like him. Although the poet's work was recognized by the people, he could not earn a living by this. To ensure a decent standard of living, he constantly mortgaged his property. This is evidenced by the fact that after the death of Pushkin, Tsar Nicholas I gave the order to pay all the debts of the poet from the state treasury and assigned maintenance to his widow and children.
Mystical version of the creation of the work
As you can see, when studying the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”, an analysis of the history of creation suggests the existence of a “mystical” version of the appearance of the work. Supporters of this idea are sure that Pushkin felt his imminent death. Six months before his death, he created a "non-hand-made monument" for himself. He put an end to his career as a poet by writing his last testament to poetry.
The poet seemed to know that his poems would become a role model, not only in Russian, but also in world literature. There is also a legend that once a fortuneteller predicted his death at the hands of a handsome blond. At the same time, Pushkin knew not only the date, but also the time of his death. And when the end was already near, he took care to sum up his work.
But be that as it may, the verse was written and published. We, his descendants, can only guess what caused the writing of the poem, and analyze it.
Genre
As for the genre, the poem "Monument" is an ode. However, this is a special kind of genre. An ode to oneself came to Russian literature as a pan-European tradition, originating from ancient times. It is not for nothing that Pushkin used lines from Horace's poem "To Melpomene" as an epigraph. Literally translated, Exegi monumentum means "I erected a monument." He wrote the poem "To Melpomene" at the end of his career. Melpomene is an ancient Greek muse, the patroness of tragedies and theatrics. Turning to her, Horace tries to evaluate his merits in poetry. Later, this kind of work became a kind of tradition in literature.
This tradition was introduced into Russian poetry by Lomonosov, who was the first to translate the work of Horace. Later, relying on ancient art, G. Derzhavin wrote his "Monument". It was he who determined the main genre features of such "monuments". This genre tradition received its final form in the work of Pushkin.
Composition
Speaking about the composition of Pushkin's verse "Monument", it should be noted that it is divided into five stanzas, where the original forms and poetic meters are used. Like Derzhavin, like Pushkin, “The Monument” is written in quatrains, which are somewhat modified.
Pushkin wrote the first three stanzas in the traditional odic meter - iambic six-meter, but the last stanza was written in iambic four-foot. When analyzing “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”, it is clear that it is on this last stanza that Pushkin makes the main semantic emphasis.
Subject
The work "Monument" by Pushkin is a hymn to lyrics. Its main theme is the glorification of true poetry and the affirmation of the poet's place of honor in the life of society. Even though Pushkin continued the traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, he largely rethought the problems of the ode and put forward his own ideas regarding the evaluation of creativity and its true purpose.
Pushkin tries to reveal the theme of the relationship between the writer and the reader. He says that his poems are intended for the masses. This is felt already from the first lines: "The folk path will not overgrow to it."
“I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”: analysis
In the first stanza of the verse, the poet affirms the significance of such a poetic monument in comparison with other merits and monuments. Pushkin also introduces here the theme of freedom, which is often heard in his work.
The second stanza, in fact, is no different from that of other poets that the "monuments" wrote. Here Pushkin exalts the immortal spirit of poetry, which allows poets to live forever: "No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre." The poet also focuses on the fact that in the future his work will be recognized in wider circles. In the last years of his life, he was not understood and not accepted, so Pushkin had hopes that in the future there would be people who were close to him in spiritual disposition.
In the third stanza, the poet reveals the theme of the development of interest in poetry among the common people, who were unfamiliar with it. But most attention should be paid to the last stanza. It was in it that Pushkin told what his work consists of and what will ensure his immortality: “Praise and slander were accepted indifferently and do not challenge the creator.” 10% text, 30% information and 60% feelings - this is how Pushkin turned out to be an ode, a miraculous monument that he erected to himself.
The poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is often called the poetic testament of A. S. Pushkin. It is perceived as such because it was written six months before the poet's death, in August 1836.
The poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” consists of five solemn stanzas and is a real hymn to poetry.
Its main theme is the glorification of true poetry and the affirmation of the high appointment of the poet. Pushkin revealed this topic, being the direct heir to the poetic traditions of M. V. Lomonosov and G. R. Derzhavin.
According to genre features, Pushkin's poem is an ode (odes are solemn verses glorifying an event).
As an epigraph, Pushkin took the lines from the ode of the ancient Roman poet Horace "To Melpomene" - "I erected a monument." Horace in this work appreciated his poetic merits. And in the future, the creation of poems in the genre of a poetic "monument" became a literary tradition.
Such a tradition was introduced into Russian literature by M. V. Lomonosov, who was the first to translate Horace's ode. In 1795, a free translation of the same
poems, but G. R. Derzhavin made an assessment of his merits in poetry. It was in Derzhavin's work that the main genre features of poetic "monuments" were determined. But finally the genre of "monument" was formed in Pushkin's poem.
By construction, Pushkin's poem is close to Derzhavin's "Monument", but at the same time, in many ways, he deliberately deviates from the outstanding model and highlights the features of his work.
Like Derzhavin, Pushkin divides his poem into five stanzas, using a similar form and meter. In the first three lines, like Derzhavin, Pushkin uses the traditional meter of the ode -
iambic six-foot (Alexandrian verse), but the last line is written in iambic tetrameter, which makes it stressful and puts a semantic emphasis on it.
In the first stanza, Pushkin traditionally asserts the importance of a poetic monument. But he also introduces here the theme of freedom, which can be called a cross-cutting one in all his work. He emphasizes that his "monument" is very high:
He ascended higher as the head of the recalcitrant pillar of Alexandria.
The Alexander Pillar (Alexander Column on Palace Square in St. Petersburg) - the tallest column in the world - was a symbol of royal power in Russia.
Pushkin was a courtier of the lowest rank and at the same time was a poet of genius. The poet won the monument to autocracy with the power of his poetic word and high spirituality: he is not familiar with fear and slavish obedience to power.
The second stanza of all the poets who created such poems affirms the immortality of poetry. Pushkin also affirms this:
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
But unlike Derzhavin, Pushkin, who experienced misunderstanding and rejection in his life, says that his poetry will find a wider response in the hearts of people close to him in terms of spirituality, and we are talking not only about domestic literature, but also about poets from all over the world. :
And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world
At least one piit will live.
Like Derzhavin, Pushkin devotes the entire third stanza to the theme of wide posthumous fame. He foresees the development of interest in his poetry among the widest sections of the people:
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Rus',
And every language that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now Wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
The fourth stanza is given the most important semantic load - Pushkin defines the essence of his work. He explains why he has the right to hope for his poetic immortality - because he is proud of the humanism of his works:
and for a long time I will be kind to the people,
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
From Pushkin's point of view, the "good feelings" that art awakens in readers are more important than all its other virtues. This problem will become the subject of heated discussions for the literature of the second half of the 19th century.
disputes between representatives of democratic criticism and the so-called pure art.
It is important that in Pushkin’s drafts, instead of the words “In my cruel age I glorified freedom,” it was written: “following Radishchev, I glorified freedom” - a direct indication of the political meaning of the poem.
In the last, fifth stanza, as was customary, the poet addresses the Muse:
By the command of God, O Muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool.
These lines bring the reader back to the idea already expressed by Pushkin in the poem "Prophet". It lies in the fact that a real poet has a high destiny, he is chosen by God, and therefore is responsible for his art not to people who are often unable to understand it, but to the Creator.
The significance of the theme, high pathos, solemn sound - these are the main features of the poem.
Slow, majestic rhythm is created due to the size (iambic with pyrrhic). For the same purpose, the author widely uses anaphora (And I will be glorious; And he will call me; And the proud grandson of the Slavs; And for a long time
I will be so kind; And mercy to the fallen .. ") and invesia: "He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious ...".
It should also be noted the introduction into the text of syntactic parallelism and series homogeneous members: "And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now the wild Tungus, and the Kalmyk friend of the steppes."
The poet chooses sublime epithets (a monument not made by hands; a rebellious head; a cherished lyre; a sublunar world; a proud grandson of the Slavs). The poem uses a large number of Slavic words (erected, head, piit, until, every being).
There is no present tense in the text, only past and future. The poet affirms the greatness of poetry and puts it above the glory of kings and generals. And the main value of poetry for Pushkin is to carry
people are good.
This work of the great poet is filled with boundless love for Russia, for readers, an unshakable faith in the power of the poetic word and with the knowledge of a duty done.
Genre: ode.
COMPOSITION AND PLOT
The poem is an imitation of Horace's ode and echoes G. R. Derzhavin's "Monument". It's peculiar
a poetic testament, where the future posthumous glory is associated by the poet with poetry.
1st stanza
Assertion of the significance of a poetic monument:
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,
The folk trail will not overgrow to it.
2nd stanza
Affirmation of the immortality of poetry:
All I will not die - the soul in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will flee.
3rd stanza
Confidence that the poet will be heard in the most remote corners of Russia:
Rumors about me will spread throughout all of Great Rus'...
4th stanza
A. S. Pushkin sums up his creative path:
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
5th stanza
Appeal to the muse: “To the command of God, O muse, be obedient…”
IDEA AND THEMATIC CONTENT
⦁ Topic: the purpose of the poet.
⦁ Idea: the poet fulfilled his duty, his divine calling, so his work will be immortal.
ARTISTIC MEDIA
⦁ Epithets: a monument not made by hands, with a rebellious head, in a cherished lyre.
⦁ Anaphora: and I will be glorious, and will call me, and the proud grandson of the Slavs, and for a long time I will be kind, and called for mercy on the fallen.
⦁ Old Slavonicisms: erected, head, piit, corruption, existing.
5 / 5. 2
History of creation. The poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ..." was written on August 21, 1836, that is, shortly before Pushkin's death. In it, he sums up his poetic activity, relying on the traditions of not only Russian, but also world literature. The direct model from which Pushkin repelled was Derzhavin's poem "Monument" (1795), which gained great fame. At the same time, Pushkin not only compares himself and his poetry with the great predecessor, but also highlights the features characteristic of his work.
genre and composition. According to genre features, Pushkin's poem is an ode, but it is a special variety of this genre. She came to Russian literature as a pan-European tradition, originating in antiquity. No wonder Pushkin took lines from the poem of the ancient Roman poet Horace "To Melpomene" as an epigraph to the poem: Exegi monumentum - "I erected a monument." Horace is the author of "Satire" and a number of poems that glorified his name. He created the message "To Melpomene" at the end of his career. Melpomene in ancient Greek mythology is one of the nine muses, the patroness of tragedy, a symbol of theatrics. In this message, Horace evaluates his merits in poetry .. Later, the creation of such poems in the genre of a kind of poetic "monument" became a stable literary tradition. It was introduced into Russian literature by Lomonosov, who was the first to translate Horace's message. Then a free translation of the poem with an assessment of his merits in poetry was made by G.R. Derzhavin, calling it "Monument". It was in it that the main genre features of such poetic "monuments" were determined. Finally, this genre variety was formed in Pushkin's "Monument".
Following Derzhavin, Pushkin divides his poem into five stanzas, using a similar form and size of the verse. Like Derzhavin's, Pushkin's poem is written in quatrains, but with a slightly modified meter. In the first three lines, like Derzhavin, Pushkin uses the traditional. the odic size is 6-foot iambic (Alexandrian verse), but the last line is written in 4-foot iambic, which makes it percussive and puts a semantic emphasis on it.
Main themes and ideas. Pushkin's poem is. anthem of poetry. His main topic- the glorification of true poetry and the affirmation of the high appointment of the poet in the life of society. In this, Pushkin acts as the heir to the traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin. But at the same time, despite the similarity of external forms with Derzhavin's poem, Pushkin largely rethought the problems posed, and put forward his own idea of the meaning of creativity and its evaluation. Revealing the theme of the relationship between the poet and the reader, Pushkin points out that his poetry is mostly addressed to a wide audience. This can be seen." already from the first lines. ". "The folk path will not overgrow to it," he says about his literary "monument". Pushkin introduces here the theme of freedom, which is a "cross-cutting" in his work, noting that his "monument" is marked by love of freedom: "He rose above the head of the recalcitrant Pillar of Alexandria."
The second stanza of all the poets who created such poems affirms the immortality of poetry, which enables the author to continue to live in the memory of his descendants: “No, all of me will not die - the soul in the cherished lyre / My ashes will survive and run away from decay.” But unlike Derzhavin, Pushkin, who experienced misunderstanding and rejection of the crowd in the last years of his life, emphasizes that his poetry will find a wider response in the hearts of people who are close to him spiritually, creators, and this is not only about domestic literature, “And about the poets of the whole world: “And I will be glorious, as long as in the sublunar world / At least one piit will live.”
The third stanza, like that of Derzhavin, is devoted to the theme of the development of interest in poetry among the widest sections of the people who were not previously familiar with it, and wide posthumous fame:
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Rus',
And the alley that is in it will call me. language,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
The fourth stanza carries the main semantic load. Namely, in it the poet defines the main thing that constitutes the essence of his work and for which he can hope for poetic immortality:
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
In these lines, Pushkin draws the reader's attention to the humanity, humanism of his works, returning to the most important problem of late creativity. From the point of view of the poet, the “good feelings” that art awakens in readers are more important than its aesthetic qualities. For the literature of the second half of the 19th century, this problem will become the subject of fierce discussions between representatives of democratic criticism and the so-called pure art. But for Pushkin, the possibility of a harmonious solution is obvious: the last two lines of this stanza return us to the theme of freedom, but understood through the prism of the idea of mercy. It is significant that in the initial version, instead of the words “in my cruel age,” Pushkin wrote “following Radishchev.” Not only because of censorship considerations, the poet refused such a direct indication of the political meaning of love of freedom. More important for the author of The Captain's Daughter, where the problem of mercy and mercy was very sharply posed, was the affirmation of the idea of goodness and justice in their highest, Christian understanding.
The last stanza is a traditional appeal to the muse for "monument" poems:
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool.
In Pushkin, these lines are filled with a special meaning: they return us to the ideas expressed in the program poem "The Prophet". Their main idea is that the poet creates according to the highest will, and therefore he is responsible for his art not to people who are often unable to understand it, but to God. Such ideas were characteristic of Pushkin's late work and were voiced in the poems "The Poet", "To the Poet", "The Poet and the Crowd". In them, the problem of the poet and society arises with particular acuteness, and the fundamental independence of the artist from the opinions of the public is affirmed. In Pushkin's "Monument" this idea acquires the most capacious formulation, which creates a harmonious conclusion to reflections on poetic glory and overcoming death through divinely inspired art.
Artistic originality. The significance of the theme and the high pathos of the poem determined the special solemnity of its overall sound. The slow, majestic rhythm is created not only by the odic meter (iambic with pyrrhic), but also by the widespread use of anaphora (“And I will be glorious ...”, “And he will call me ...”, “And the proud grandson of the Slavs ... ”, “And for a long time I will be kind to that ...”, “And mercy to the fallen ..”), inversion (“He ascended higher as the head of the recalcitrant Pillar of Alexandria), syntactic parallelism and rows of homogeneous members (“And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn , and now the wild tungus ... "). The selection of lexical means also contributes to the creation of a high style. The poet uses lofty epithets (a monument not made by hands, a rebellious head, a cherished lyre, in the sublunar world, a proud grandson of the Slavs), a large number of Slavicisms (erected, head, piit, until). In one of the most significant artistic images The poem uses metonymy - "That I awakened good feelings with my lyre ...". In general, all artistic means create a solemn hymn to poetry.
The value of the work.
Pushkin's "Monument", continuing the traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, stands in a special place in Russian literature. He not only summed up Pushkin's work, but also marked that milestone, that height of poetic art, which served as a guide for all subsequent generations of Russian poets. Not all of them strictly followed the genre tradition of the "monument" poem, like A.A. Fet, but every time the Russian poet addresses the problem of art, its purpose and evaluation of his achievements, he recalls Pushkin's words: "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,.,", trying to get closer to its unattainable height.
