Scheme of the state pension system. The pension system of Russia in the context of its reform. What types of pensions are there

What is the modern pension system in Russia?

The pension system of Russia is a set of pensions created in Russian Federation institutions and norms aimed at providing citizens with material security in the form of pensions. pension system in modern form introduced in Russia on January 1, 2002.

The Russian pension system consists of three types of pension provision: state pension provision, mandatory pension insurance and non-state pension provision.

Below you can find comparative characteristic these types of pensions.

What types of pensions are there?

As part of the state pension provision, state pension provision pensions (hereinafter referred to as state pensions) are paid.

As part of compulsory pension insurance, they are paid.

As part of non-state pension provision, they are paid.

What is a state pension?

Thus, the higher the salary, the higher the pension will be. However, it must be taken into account that there is a . This value is indexed annually taking into account the growth of the average wages in Russia. In 2017, it amounts to 876,000 rubles on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year (in 2016 - 796,000 rubles). In other words, as soon as earnings during the year reach 876,000 rubles, insurance premiums will not be transferred to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (PFR) for the insurance and funded pension of a citizen.

What is the system of non-state pension provision?

(NGO) is the formation at the expense of voluntary pension contributions of citizens (from personal funds) or employers (from their own funds).

NGO services are provided (NPF). Between the NPF and a citizen or an employer is concluded. Based on the transferred pension contributions (personal or from the organization's funds) and the income from their investment, a non-state (individual or corporate) pension is formed and paid.

Comparative characteristics of types of pension provision

Today is wide the legislative framework, taking into account any possible nuances, determines such an important aspect of the life of every citizen of our country as the state pension system of the Russian Federation. The reform that appeared in 2001, concerning pensions, contributed to the adoption of the Federal Law on the need for pension insurance. Since 2002, the system of issuing pensions has become what we know it today.

The structure of the pension system of the Russian Federation

Pthe pension system of the Russian Federation is- is a set of laws whose task is to support and organize the regular transmission of Money for people who are already retired.

The system of state pension provision is divided into three main groups:

• State pension provision. The state organization responsible for paying pensions is the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. The pension from the state is transferred to citizens from the federal budget, the distribution is carried out among narrow sections of the population.
• Mandatory pension insurance. These are payments from the Pension Fund or the Non-State Pension Company. This labor pension is provided to the majority of working people. The accumulation of funds is carried out from mandatory insurance premiums, which are transferred by the employer to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.
• This system is run by private Pension Funds and can be individual or corporate. Such payments can be received by any person or organization that decides to conclude a separate agreement with the NPF and provide more high level life in retirement. Such a service is paid for by pension contributions from an individual or a company that provides additional protection for the funds of its employees.

In these three groups, a number of specific features can be established, each individual provision works according to certain principles, is able to provide people with a variety of options for providing for retirement.

It is worth considering carefully the structure of the system for calculating and issuing pensions in the Russian Federation.

How does the state pension system work?

The purpose of the state pension provision is to accrue the base part:

• retirement pensions;

The state pension provision is financed from the federal budget. This is done from the amounts of the unified social tax, for the transfer of which the employer is responsible.

The state pension system consists of two parts:

• state pension provision;
• state pension insurance.

Aspects of compulsory insurance

The main thing in the insurance system that ensures the mandatory payment of a pension is the creation of a certain reserve of funds due to the constant transfer by the employer of a certain amount to the employee's personal account:

• in the Pension Fund of Russia;
• on the non-state pension fund.

A citizen's pension savings can be increased as a result of their competent management and due to proper investment. In particular, by concluding an agreement with a non-state pension fund, and also as a result of independent additional pension contributions under the state pension co-financing program or additional pension provision.

So, now we can consider the funds sent to retirees as the sum of three components, which are the mandatory pension systems of the Russian Federation:

• Cumulative;
• Additional.

What is the essence of private pension funds?

Non-state pension provision is engaged in the creation of additional support for the elderly population, using money invested by interested people, as well as from payments from employers. Thus, the additional pension is formed and paid out of the amounts of the transferred pension contributions.

In accordance with federal law No. 350-FZ of October 3, 2018, Russia begins a gradual increase in the generally established age, which gives the right to receive an old-age insurance pension and a state pension. Changes will be phased in over a long transition period of 10 years ending in 2028. As a result, the retirement age will be increased by 5 years and set at 60 for women and 65 for men. In 2018, the retirement age for women was 55, and for men it was 60.

A long transition period of 10 years (from 2019 to 2028) is envisaged for the gradual increase in the retirement age. Adaptation to the new parameters of the retirement age in the first few years of the transition period is also provided by a special benefit - the appointment of a pension six months earlier than the new retirement age. It is provided for those who were supposed to retire in 2019 and 2020 under the terms of the previous legislation. These are women born in 1964-1965 and men born in 1959-1960. Thanks to the benefit, a pension on new grounds will be granted already in 2019: for women at the age of 55.5 years and for men at the age of 60.5 years.

Russian pension system

Russian pension system- a set of legal norms, public and private structures that provide periodic payments to citizens of funds upon reaching retirement age, as well as in the event of disability or loss of a breadwinner.

The labor part of the pension is regulated federal law dated December 17, 2001 No. 173-FZ “On labor pensions in the Russian Federation”, which stipulates, in particular, the right to early receipt of a pension for certain categories of citizens and other standards.

As a result of the pension reform in 2002, the following types of pensions were established in Russia.

First, labor pension: for old age, disability or loss of a breadwinner. It consists of two components - insurance and funded parts. The first is paid upon reaching a certain age. For men, this is 60 years, for women - 55. The insurance part is financed by mandatory contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. In 2011 payment for the main part legal entities is 26% of the wage fund. At the same time, for employees born before 1966, the entire amount is transferred to the insurance part of the pension. For those born after 1966, deductions are divided in the following proportion: 20% - insurance, 6% - funded. At the same time, the Pension Fund maintains a separate personal account for each employee, where payments are taken into account.

The accumulative part of the pension can be accumulated in a state or non-state pension fund.

Secondly, the seniority pension received by federal civil servants, military personnel (except for those who served on conscription), cosmonauts, test pilots. Such pension payments are regulated by separate laws.

Thirdly, a social pension is for those who are not entitled to a labor pension, for example, for the unemployed. The social pension cannot, according to the law, be lower than the subsistence level.

Fourth, non-state pension. Paid on the basis of an agreement concluded between the participant and the non-state pension fund. The amount of contributions and subsequent payments is specified in the agreement.

The current pension system in autumn 2011 is not final. The problem is that, on the one hand, it is required to increase payments, and on the other hand, to reduce the burden on businesses that must pay contributions from the wage fund. Another pension reform is planned to be carried out in 2014, while the final parameters of what will be have not yet been determined.

See what the "Pension system of the Russian Federation" is in other dictionaries:

pension system- pension plan Any system, plan, the main purpose of which is to provide a certain group of persons (participants of this system or plan) with pensions (pensions). The pension system can provide other benefits, in addition to pensions, ... ...

pension system- (Russia) Pension system (Great Britain) Pension system (Sweden) Pension provision in Canada Pension fund of Ukraine Pension provision in Kazakhstan See also Pension ... Wikipedia

pension system- The system of public pensions was introduced in Japan during the Second World War in 1942. However, in fact, it began to operate only from 1954, when the Japanese economy recovered from the war and post-war devastation. It was then that there was ... ... All Japan

Pension system (UK)- The UK public pension system is currently governed by The Pensions Act 2007, which was enacted on 26 July 2007. The full provisions of this law will apply to those citizens ... ... Wikipedia

Pension system (Sweden)- The Swedish pension system until the 90s of the 20th century was completely based on the principle of "generational solidarity", according to which all citizens with a continuous work experience of 30 years were entitled to a full labor pension in the amount of 60% percent of ... ... Wikipedia

Pension system (Russia)- The pension system of Russia is a set of legal, economic and organizational institutions and norms being created in the Russian Federation, aimed at providing citizens with material security in the form of a pension. The pension system ... ... Wikipedia

PENSION SYSTEM/PLAN- (pension scheme) Any system, plan, the main purpose of which is to provide a certain group of persons (participants of this system or plan) with pensions (pensions). The pension system can provide other benefits, in addition to pensions, ... ... Financial vocabulary

Pension reform (Kazakhstan- Pension reform (Kazakhstan, 1998) The Republic of Kazakhstan is the first of the Commonwealth countries Independent States, which carried out the reform of the pension provision of the population. The prototype for the pension system in Kazakhstan was the Chilean ... ... Wikipedia

pension reform- Pension reform is a set of organizational, legal, economic and political measures related to changing the conditions of pension provision. Contents 1 International debate on pension reform ... Wikipedia

pension savings system- A pension system in which pensioners independently accumulate the funds necessary to receive a regular pension at retirement age throughout their entire working life. After the death of a pensioner, unused for the payment of pensions, ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

Books

• The pension system of individual capitalization, VV Korovkin. The work is dedicated to general principles and the practical functioning of the system of individual capitalization and the peculiarities of its Chilean version, due to specific ...

Old-age pension can be received by men aged 60 and over, as well as women aged at least 55 years.

At the same time, the pensioner must have an insurance record of 5 years or more.

Disabled people of groups 1, 2 and 3 can receive a labor pension of the 2nd type. Her appointment does not depend on the reason why the disability happened and the time when it was assigned. In the absence of insurance experience, a disabled person is given a social pension.

Labor pension of the 3rd type can be received by family members who are unable to work and were on the deceased. These include, for example, children under the age of 18.

Citizens who are simultaneously entitled to several types of labor pension receive only one type of pension.

Funds for labor pensions come from the insurance fund. This fund is created at the expense of insurance contributions that are made to this fund in the course of a citizen's labor activity.

Funds for state pensions are taken from the budget. They are appointed according to the criteria specified in a special law.

Such payments include pensions paid to pensioners who were in the state civil service, military service and in law enforcement service.

Story

For the first time, pensions began to be paid in France to naval officers in 1673, and in 1790 they began to pay pensions to civil servants. Pensions were introduced in France in 1910, in Germany in 1890, and in England in 1908. IN pre-revolutionary Russia pensions existed only for some layers of officials and the military.

In the USSR, the regulation on pensions was adopted in 1930, and in 1932 the current age of pensioners was established.

The system was finally approved in 1956 by the relevant pension law.

Types of pension systems

Pension systems are divided into two types:

• distribution;

Until 2002, pensions in the Russian Federation were paid from the state budget and were of a distributive nature, that is, payments made by employers for their employees were paid to current pensioners.

From 2002 to 2010, the pension fund had three parts:

• basic;
• insurance;
• cumulative.

Currently, there is a pension system in the Russian Federation, which includes two types of funds - part of them is distributed centrally, and part goes to the accumulation fund. The creation of the accumulative part of the pension fund was associated with the difficulties of providing pensions to all pensioners, whose number is constantly growing.

As a result, insurance premiums can no longer fully ensure the payment of pensions, so funds from the budget are added to them. For example, according to the draft budget for 2016, it was planned to add 810 billion rubles to the pension fund.

The option with a funded part implies that a person will receive two pensions - an insurance pension, which depends on the number of points and their value, and a funded one, which is determined by the amount of money contributed and their service in pension funds.

The insurance part of the contributions goes to the pension fund of Russia (PFR), where it is credited to the account of a working citizen. Enrollment occurs in the form of points, according to which pension payments will be calculated when a person retires. These scores are indexed every year. This year, the cost of 1 point is 74 rubles. 27 kop. In addition, a fixed payment is added to the insurance part of the pension, which is also indexed every year. In 2015, it is equal to 4380 rubles.

Depending on the desire of the employee, the funded part of the contributions may go to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation or the non-state pension fund (NPF) chosen by the employee. The FIU can direct these funds to the state MC or private management companies (MC). The NPF also sends the funds received to the management company. Management companies invest the funds received in order to receive dividends and increase pension funds.

Savings began to be made starting from 2002. At the same time, the accumulation fund applies to people born in 1967 or later.

At the same time, for example, in 2012, out of the mandatory contribution to the Pension Fund, which is 22% of the salary, 6% was sent to the accumulation fund. The money coming into the accumulation fund must also be paid to the employee when he retires.

By decree of the Government, from the beginning of 2014 to the end of 2016, payments to the accumulation fund were suspended. That is, all 22% of insurance premiums go to the PFR insurance fund. In addition, the PFR was forbidden to send pension savings to management companies and private pension funds. This is obviously due to the difficulties of forming an insurance fund for the payment of pensions, as well as concerns about the safety of this money.

In order to restore the payment of part of the contributions to the accumulation fund in 2017, a citizen had to submit an application to the FIU before the end of last year. In the absence of such a statement, all his contributions will go to the insurance fund.