Zoshchenko monkey language main characters. Analysis of the story by M. Zoshchenko “Monkey language. Practical work in groups

1. Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko.

2. " monkey tongue».

3. 11th grade.

4. Story.

5. The work was written in 1925, during the reign of Stalin, when the New Economic Policy reigned in Soviet Russia.

7. The main character is a simple man who does not have higher education, which describes the situation that happened to him. The situation is as follows: he came to the meeting and he was lucky enough to involuntarily overhear the conversation of two of his colleagues, and because of their dialogue he practically did not understand anything, and only sat there and clapped his ears, more and more assuring himself of how difficult it is now to speak -Russian.

8. The story begins with the hero’s reasoning about how much the native Russian language has recently been clogged with foreign words, that it’s impossible to understand some people now, because they “grabbed” new words into their vocabulary and operate with them wherever possible and impossible , which makes dialogue difficult and nerves fraying.

Further, the hero tells us a situation that happened to him at work, at a meeting: two of his colleagues began to argue about how plenary this meeting was, and did the quorum get there, and the subsection, perhaps, is brewed minimally? This argument went on and would not end, but fortunately, the presidium appeared, which with pride and dignity began to utter arrogant words with the same foreign vagueness, and the hero’s neighbors, cooled down from the argument and sternly looking at each other, nodded their heads sternly and knowingly, agreeing with everything the speaker said. After this wonderful discussion, our main character I made a conclusion for myself: difficult, trouble, how difficult, this Russian language!

9. The story is humorous, like many stories by Mikhail Mikhailovich, which makes it doubly pleasant to read, because the author skillfully conveys contemporary issues, seasoning them with satire, which exposes the current world not in the best light and sharper shows us all its imperfections and troubles, which people should think about more often.

This Russian language is difficult, dear citizens! The trouble is, how difficult.

The main reason is that foreign words to hell with it. Well, take the French speech. Everything is good and clear. Kesköse, merci, komsi - everything, pay your attention, are purely French, natural, understandable words.

And nute-ka, now stick with the Russian phrase - it's a disaster. The whole speech is interspersed with words with a foreign, vague meaning.

From this, speech becomes difficult, breathing is disturbed and nerves fray.

I overheard a conversation the other day. It was at the meeting. My neighbors were talking.

There was a very smart and intelligent conversation, but I, a person without a higher education, understood their conversation with difficulty and clapped my ears.

The business started with nothing.

My neighbor, not yet an old man, with a beard, leaned over to his neighbor on the left and politely asked:

And what, comrade, will this plenary session be or how?

Plenary, - casually answered the neighbor.

Look at you, - the first one was surprised, - that's what I'm looking at, what is it? As if it were plenary.

Yes perishing be calm, - strictly responded the second. - Today is a strong plenary meeting and such a quorum has crept up - just hold on.

Yah? the neighbor asked. - Has the quorum been reached?

By God, - said the second.

And what is he, this quorum?

Yes, nothing, - the neighbor answered, somewhat bewildered. - Picked up, and that's it.

Say for mercy, - the first neighbor shook his head with chagrin. - Why would he, huh?

The second neighbor spread his hands and looked sternly at the interlocutor, then added with a soft smile:

You, comrade, probably do not approve of these plenary sessions... But somehow they are closer to me. Everything somehow, you know, comes out in them minimally on the essence of the day ... Although I will say frankly, lately I have been fairly permanent about these meetings. So, you know, the industry is empty and empty.

Not always this, - objected the first. - Unless, of course, look from the point of view. To enter, so to speak, on the point of view and from the point of view, then yes - the industry specifically.

Specifically, in fact, - strictly corrected the second.

Perhaps, the interlocutor agreed. - I admit that too. Specifically, in fact. Although when...

Always, - shortly cut off the second. - Always, dear comrade. Especially if after the speeches the subsection is minimally brewed. Then you will not end up with discussions and shouting ...

A man stepped up to the podium and waved his hand. Everything was silent. Only my neighbors, somewhat heated by the dispute, did not immediately fall silent. The first neighbor could not come to terms with the fact that the subsection is brewed minimally. It seemed to him that the subsection was being brewed somewhat differently.

They shushed my neighbors. The neighbors shrugged their shoulders and fell silent. Then the first neighbor again leaned over to the second and quietly asked:

Who is it that came out there?

This? Yes, this presidium came out. A very sharp man. And the speaker is the first. Always speaks sharply to the point of the day.

The speaker extended his hand forward and began to speak.

And when he uttered haughty words with a foreign, vague meaning, my neighbors nodded their heads sternly. Moreover, the second neighbor looked sternly at the first, wanting to show that he was still right in the dispute that had just ended.

It is difficult, comrades, to speak Russian!

SUCH DIFFERENT LESSONS...

The problem of the purity of Russian h. V. kuroshin of the tongue in M. Zoshchenko's story "The Monkey's Tongue" (Grade VIII)

Ulyanovsk

Key words: literature lesson; satire; borrowed words; office work. The article presents the experience of working with a literary text in a literature lesson, i.e. an example of the integration of two disciplines - the Russian language and literature.

Lesson objectives: I) to find out the functional meaning of borrowed words as an expressive and visual means in the story of M.M. Zoshchenko; 2) trace intersubject and intrasubject communications; 3) continue working with dictionaries; 4) consolidate knowledge of linguistic and literary terms (borrowed words, colloquial words, clericalism, narrator, comic in literature, humor, irony, title of the work, styles of speech, etc.); 5) to promote the development of speech and mental activity, communication skills; b) to promote the development of the reader's culture, careful attitude to the word, interest in the literary text.

Kuroshina Zoya Vladimirovna, teacher.

Lesson equipment: I) portrait of the writer; 2) the text of the story; 3) dictionaries of foreign words; 4) video projector; 5) slides with definitions of the concepts of "satire", "humor", "irony", "sarcasm", "clericalism", "borrowed words", "vernacular".

During the classes

1. Message of the topic and goal setting.

Today we will continue our acquaintance

with the work of the remarkable Russian writer and playwright Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko, let's listen to his story "Monkey Language" and find out by what means the author solves the problem posed in the work.

3. Reading a story.

4. Analytical conversation.

Before starting the conversation, let's read the definitions of the concepts that are on the video projector: we will need them when working on the work.

Did you like the story? What impression did you make? What mood did it evoke? (It was very funny - there is a lot of humor in the story. It also made me think about whether we are speaking correctly, whether there are extra, unnecessary words in our speech.)

Which of the problems of contemporary society for the writer is posed in the story? (The author raises the problem of clogging the Russian language with borrowed words and clericalism.)

The story was written in 1925. Why was the problem of the purity of the Russian language so urgent at that time? (This is a time of great change in public life, including language.)

Whose speech is ridiculed in the story? (Speech of officials.)

Quite right. According to the famous Russian linguist V.V. Kolesov, “the bureaucratic environment, completely removed from life with its interests and requirements, gradually lost all connection with the native language, locked itself in the narrow limits of paper relations ... an invisible web entangled the ugly language with numerous departments, spreading across the country.” [Kolesov 2006].

From whose perspective is the story being told? (On behalf of the narrator, dissatisfied with the state of the Russian language: This Russian language is difficult, dear citizens! Trouble, how difficult.)

What, according to the narrator, is the difficulty of the Russian language? (.foreign words in it to hell.)

Find the lines proving that the penetration of words from foreign languages ​​into Russian speech causes the narrator's obvious hostility. (The narrator says: Well, come on now with the Russian phrase - trouble. All speech is sprinkled with words with a foreign, vague meaning. This makes speech difficult, breathing is disturbed and nerves fray.)

It is known that the borrowing of words is a progressive phenomenon. What is Zoshchenko opposed to? (The author opposes excessive and illiterate

use of other people's words in native speech.)

You said the story is funny. Why? What is the basis of the comic? (The author laughs not only at the inappropriate use of "foreign" words, but also at the fact that the characters cannot speak their native language.)

Prove with examples from the text. (The heroes of the story clumsily combine borrowed words with distorted Russians; they mix words in speech different styles- from colloquial to formal business; include colloquial words and expressions, clericalisms in speech; Wed: Unless, of course, look from the point of view. To enter, so to speak, on the point of view and from the point of view, then - yes, the industry specifically; Perhaps ... I also admit this. Specifically, in fact; And what, comrade, will this plenary session be or what?; Yes, be calm. Today is a strong plenary session and such a quorum has crept up - just hold on; Yes, this is the presidium having left.)

Write out borrowed words from the characters' remarks and explain their meaning.

The adjective plenary (cf. lat. plenarius “full”) means “general, complete” (about the meeting) and is relative by category, i.e. cannot be combined with an adverb strongly.

Quorum (lat. quorum praesentia sufficit "whose presence is sufficient") - the number of those present at a meeting or meeting of a body established by law or instruction, at which the decisions of the meeting (session) are valid. The misuse of the word is confirmed by the dialogue:

Yah? the neighbor asked. - Has the quorum been reached?

By God, - said the second.

And what is he, this quorum?

Yes, nothing, - the neighbor answered, somewhat bewildered. - Picked up, and that's it.

Say for mercy, - the first neighbor shook his head with chagrin. - Why would he, huh?

One of the heroes does not know the meaning of the word minimal (fr. minimal<- лат. minimum «наименьшее»). Это видно из реплики: Вот вы, товарищ, небось, не одобряете эти пленарные заседания... а мне как-то они ближе. Все как-то, знаете ли, выходит в них

minimally on the merits of the day ... From the speaker's speech, we can conclude that the main thing is to quickly end the meeting, having considered as few questions as possible, and go home, although in fact he wants to demonstrate something completely different - diligence and dedication. Then he continues: ...I'll tell you straight, lately I've been pretty permanent about these meetings. So, you know, the industry is empty and empty. The word is permanent (fr. permanent<- лат. permanens (per-manentis) «постоянный, непрерывный») говорящий употребил в несвойственном ему значении «отрицательно», как и слово индустрия (фр. industrie лат. industria «деятельность» - фабрично-заводская промышленность с машинной техникой).

The phrases of the heroes are full of speech errors: the subsection will brew, it will brew minimally, there will be no end to the discussion, etc.

The heroes who appeared on the rostrum call the presidium (lat. praesidere "sit in front" - a group of persons elected to lead the congress, meeting, session): This? Yes, this presidium came out.

Now let's talk about the title of the story. You know that this is one of the main means of expressing the author's thoughts, ideas. (In the title of the story - “Monkey Language” - M. M. Zoshchenko expressed a negative attitude towards illiterate people. He compared with a grimacing monkey a person who tries to look more educated, smart, authoritative than he really is, for which he uses in his speech foreign words.)

- “Dictionary of Symbols and Signs” by N. N. Rogalevich gives the following interpretation of the word monkey: “A monkey (especially in the European tradition) is considered as the embodiment of the worst qualities and instincts of a person, as a “subhuman”. Like a crooked mirror, it is endowed with the ability to distort, spoil the image of things, people's plans and actions (cf. "the devil is God's monkey"). In Christianity, it personifies a vice” [Rogalevich 2004]. Can this be taken into account?

interpretation of the word monkey in the analysis of the story of M. Zoshchenko? (Of course, after all, the heroes of the story do their best to prove the firmness of their class position, they try to appear politically developed, "progressive", but they look ridiculous and pathetic; their worst qualities are revealed: insincerity, lack of human dignity, ability to humiliate other people.)

The story has a strong tradition of classical Russian satire. Let us recall Gogol, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Chekhov: their laughter was never the laughter of an observer from the outside, behind the outwardly good-natured form there was always pain coming from the heart. Zoshchenko, "like his great predecessors, wholeheartedly believed in the future of his people, in his mind, diligence and ability, having a passionate look into himself, to part with what hinders his spiritual movement." So the researcher of his work, Yuri Vladimirovich Tomashevsky, said about the writer.

What artistic means helped the author to sharply and cheerfully talk about such serious problems as the inability to use foreign vocabulary, the clogging of the Russian language with unnecessary borrowings? (The author used different types and techniques of the comic: satire, humor, irony, sarcasm.)

LITERATURE

Big Dictionary of Foreign Words / Comp. A. Yu. Moskvin. - M, 2006.

Vinokur G. O. Culture of language. - M., 2006.

Zoshchenko Mikhail. Favorites. - M., 1981.

Kolesov VV The language of the city. - M., 2006.

Krysin L.P. Explanatory dictionary of foreign words. - M., 2005.

Russian Writers and Poets: A Brief Biographical Dictionary. - M., 2000.

Zhabueva Tuyana Aleksandrovna,

Russian teacher and

literature of the highest category,

MAOU secondary school No. 8, Ulan-Ude.

E-mail adress: [email protected]

Cell phone: 89149852342

Topic: The problem of the purity of the Russian language in the story of M. Zoshchenko "Monkey tongue"

Type of lesson: combined and using ICT (a lesson in the analysis of a literary work with the involvement of material on the Russian language on the use of foreign words in Russian speech).

Purpose: by identifying the features of the language and style of the story, to determine the author's position of M. Zoshchenko in the story "Monkey Language" and to reveal the problem of the purity of the Russian language.

Tasks:

Educational: to help school readers see the writer's skill in creating a satirical story;

Developing: to develop work on the formation of the ability to analyze and explore the text; develop communication skills and moral and aesthetic ideas of students in the process of identifying the lexical meaning of words

Educational: the formation of personal qualities as activity, independence; to teach to see the beauty, accuracy of the writer's word, the author's attitude to bureaucracy, idle talk and ignorance

Equipment and visibility:

1. Story texts;
2. Handout;
3. multimedia presentation for the lesson;
4. Tasks for groups.

Epigraph: “For almost 20 years, adults believed that I wrote for their amusement. And I never wrote for fun "M.M. Zoshchenko

During the classes

1. Org.moment

The lesson begins with viewing one of the issues of "Jumble" called "Why we say so." After watching the video, students are asked the following question:

• What language did the characters speak? (In an incomprehensible, in an absurd, in an unusual language, in a monkey language)
• Why don't we understand the words? (because we do not understand what it is about, it is too filled with youth slang).

2. Message of the topic and goal setting

Guys, quite right, this is an incomprehensible language for us, monkey language. Today in the lesson we will discuss a story called “Monkey Language” by the wonderful writer M. Zoshchenko. Who wrote this story almost a hundred years ago. I want to tell you that such a problem still exists in our time.

3. Update. You read the story at home, got acquainted with the biography of the writer. Why do you think M. Zoshchenko called his story that way? (disclosure of the meaning of the title of the story: in the title of the story, the author expressed a negative attitude towards illiterate people. He compared with a grimacing monkey a person who tries to look more educated, smart, authoritative than he really is, for which he uses foreign words in his speech).

4. Working on new material

• So, guys, we have thought about the name of the story, and now let's turn our eyes to the story and work with the text. I divided you into three groups for working with text. You get tasks, each group has its own special task. But, before moving on to the story, we need to understand the time in which the writer lived and worked. We will make a small digression into that era.

The story was written in 1925. This is the time when the 1917 revolution and the Civil War took place. And, of course, our country has undergone tremendous changes. There was tsarist Russia, there was a new Russia under the name of the USSR. A lot of new phenomena, where there are people who do not have education, illiterate. Philistines crawled out from everywhere, tenaciously sticking to the new system and striving to be at the level of the time.

Now let's work in groups. We work quickly, I want to see which group will quickly work on their task. You have problem questions. By answering these questions, you will come to certain conclusions that one of you will express. Exactly 2 minutes are given for your work. (Groups work with handouts, then go out and build a HOUSE after discussion).

5. Work on the problems of the story

Work on the house: the foundation will be the words that the group working on the terms parsed. After all, the story was based on satire. The walls will be word bricks, which were sorted out by the group working with the words in the text. The roof will be the words that express the author's position in the story, because through the author's position we understand the main idea of ​​the story. Conclusions have been drawn from their work. And in front of us is a house - our language, which is collapsing due to the fact that we litter our beautiful Russian language with unnecessary words (I remove the bricks, at this time - the house is collapsing). Guys, what is happening with the house - with our language. Our language, just like this house, collapses, disappears.Without a language there is no people, and without a people there is no COUNTRY. What should we do to prevent this from happening? That's right, we must save the language. We are urgently replacing word bricks with Russian words.(With markers, students write synonyms on the back of the bricks - we put our house in order - our language).

6. Summary of the lesson

So, guys, look at our language - it's beautiful. Are we really doomed to speak in modern “monkey language” about the sublime and beautiful, about tragedy and pain, about illumination and joy? NO! We need a word that carries TRUTH, GOOD, BEAUTY. To do this, you and I penetrated into the secrets of the Word, into the secrets of the writer's intention, into the secrets of beautiful artistic speech. A monkey, with its tongue, cannot do it, and it does not need it. Now we understand what monkey language is. Let's take care of our native Russian, our beautiful language.

Before I give you your homework, I want to tell you a little secret. We have our own page on social networks called "We speak Russian ...". And the Boy (NAME) helped us open the page. And on this page we will place our first flash mob calling to save the language and speak Russian. Flash MobMannequin Challenge (Eng. Mannequin Challenge, mannequin - dummy, challenge - challenge) is a new Internet flash mob. The bottom line is that its participants, being in the most unexpected places, suddenly freeze in different poses, as in the children's game "The sea worries once." We will post a video with people depicting mannequins on the Internet under the hashtag #we speak Russian. (To conduct a flash mob - 1 min.)

7. Homework

Homework announcement: make a booktrailer called “We speak Russian”, and if you find it difficult to complete the booktrailer, you will find on our page a sample that my student made. (if time permits, show booktrailer)

Guys, did you like the lesson? And I think that the lesson was not in vain: did you learn a lot from the lesson? And I liked the lesson, so let's clap our hands to each other in gratitude for the lesson. Thanks to all. Goodbye

The analysis of M. Zoshchenko's stories completes the study of the section "Satire and humor in literature". Appeal to the themes and problems of the stories of this outstanding writer, the study of his poetics will require seventh graders to attract additional knowledge and skills. This article will help organize the independent work of schoolchildren in preparation for the analysis of M. Zoshchenko's story "Monkey Language". A.L. Murzina, honored teacher Kaz. SSR, teacher-methodologist of NP secondary school "Lyceum "Capital".

To the introductory part of the lesson

Organization of a conversation after reading the story. Questions and tasks - on the slides.

M.M. Zoshchenko accurately and succinctly called the story - "Monkey tongue". Why?

Indeed, new words hitherto unknown to the common man - socio-political vocabulary - poured into colloquial speech after the 1917 revolution. Most often these are foreign words (loanwords). The voice of the crowd, the voice of the street, mingled with "arrogant" ("foreign") words, the meaning of which was unclear, but attractive to the new man of the new era with its unique mystery.

The new man also wanted to “shine” with words in his speech in order to correspond to the new time - the time of a radical breakdown of everything old, familiar. It seemed to a simple person that borrowed vocabulary makes him more significant, sublime.

Monkeyism, in fact, is a blind imitation of someone, copying someone.

• The type of narration is a story. It is focused on the modern living monologue speech of the narrator , released

1. Narrator – a simple man, not far removed from his heroes-characters. He is a "product" of his grand era. Dissatisfied with the dominance of foreign words in speech, calls them "foggy", "arrogant", i.e. he is a fighter for the purity of the language.
2. The plot of the story.

• Complaining about the fact that "this Russian language is difficult ... The trouble is, how difficult."
• The reason is a huge number of foreign words ("To hell")
• In French, “everything is good and understandable” (“French, natural, understandable words”).
• Russian speech is "strewn with words with a foreign, vague meaning."
• Result: "this makes speech difficult, breathing is disturbed and nerves fray."
• Dialogue of neighbors at the meeting
• The narrator-narrator claims that the conversation is “very smart and intelligent. But he is a man without a higher education, he understood him with difficulty and clapped his ears.
• The truth suffered by the narrator: “It is difficult, comrades, to speak Russian!” - summarizes observations of the dialogue of neighbors at the meeting. Yes, and it is difficult to understand anything in this linguistic void.

1. Two linguistic elements clashed in this work:

• colloquial speech, vernacular
• book speech (official business) and socio-political vocabulary. The combination of colloquial words with business vocabulary (clerical) is the basis for creating a comic situation.

1. Vernaculars: “to hell”, “sunsya”, “theirs”, “clapped his ears”, “ali”, “probably”, “from empty to empty”, “otted”, “I admit”, “having left”, “forever” .
2. Violation of the norms of the literary language creates an unimaginable comic effect (“an artistic image of an error”).

narrator

Describing a meeting of neighbors - connoisseurs of tricky foreign words, "let it slip." Happening it self-disclosure.

Before us is a narrow-minded, very limited person, similar to the heroes-characters about whom he enthusiastically talks. Does not shine with intelligence, gained superficial knowledge. tongue-tied. He himself is not averse to trump with some kind of catchphrase, "goes dumb" in front of the difficulties of the Russian language, especially those associated with borrowings. It turns out under the arrows of the author's irony

Heroes-characters, the essence of which is revealed in the dialogue.

There will be a plenary session, or how?

That's what I look ... as if plenary.

Today is very plenary.

• The laws of word compatibility are violated - this creates a comic situation. The word "strongly" (very) can only be combined with quality adjectives.

Has the quorum been reached?

Picked up and that's it.

Why would he?

You probably do not approve of these plenary sessions. And they are closer to me ... Everything somehow comes out in them minimally on the essence of the day ...

Lately, I've been pretty permanent about these meetings...

• Did you feel how the “vile clerk” sounds in this dialogue?

When viewed from the point of view...

Enter the point of view, then yes - the industry specifically

Specifically, in fact…

• The syntactic incompleteness of a phrase does not form a thought. Ringing void. Dialogue about nothing.

An attempt to show off with foreign words of a "foggy, arrogant" quality. These "speech exercises" indicate the desire to "become on a par with the century", to show one's education.

Theme of the story- monstrous linguistic ignorance

Idea- A person who has overcome the chaos of revolutions and a destructive civil war must and has the right to a decent life.

Language is a reflection of the inner world of a person. The great Russian language should not be buried by an era of destruction. He must be "according to growth" for a new person of a new era - the era of creation

M.M. Zoshchenko was convinced that a person who survived the terrible years of the revolution and the horrors of the civil war deserved the best. In particular, he has the right and duty to speak the correct, clear, understandable, heartfelt, sincere, hard-won language. The satirist believed in the power of the artistic word, its healing power. It is no coincidence that M. Gorky spoke about the "social pedagogy" of his work. Language is a sign of culture, it is ecology, it is a miracle and salvation.

"Increment of Meaning":

Great about the great - about the role and meaning of language

In the second part of the article, we will publish materials for organizing independent work with the story "Aristocrat"

A.L. Murzina, honored teacher of Kaz. SSR, teacher-methodologist of NP secondary school "Lyceum "Capital".

Material for preparing an essay on other topics .