Ivan Molodoy: what happened to Sophia Paleolog's rival. An unexpected twist of fate Who is young Ivan
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In 1490, the eldest son of Ivan III died from his first marriage, who also bore the name Ivan. The question arose, who should be the heir: the second son of the sovereign - Vasily or grandson Dmitry, the son of the deceased prince? Noble, dignitaries really did not want the throne to go to Vasily, the son of Sophia Palaiologos. The late Ivan Ivanovich was titled Grand Duke, was, as it were, equal to his father, and therefore his son, even according to the old family accounts, had the right to seniority. But Vasily, on his mother's side, came from the famous royal root. The courtiers were divided: some stood for Dmitry, others for Vasily. Prince Ivan Yurievich Patrikeev and his son-in-law Semyon Ivanovich Ryapolovsky acted against Sophia and her son. These were persons very close to the sovereign, and all the most important things went through their hands. They and the widow of the deceased Grand Duke - Elena (Dmitry's mother) used all measures to persuade the sovereign to the side of his grandson and cool him to Sophia. Supporters of Dmitry started rumors that Sophia had plagued Ivan Ivanovich. The sovereign apparently began to lean towards the side of his grandson. Then the supporters of Sophia and Vasily, for the most part, humble people - boyar children and clerks, plotted in favor of Vasily. This plot was opened in December 1497. At the same time, Ivan III realized that some dashing women with a potion came to Sophia. He was furious, and did not want to see his wife, and ordered his son Vasily to be kept in custody. The main conspirators were executed by a painful death - first they cut off their arms and legs, and then their heads. The women who came to Sophia were drowned in the river; many were thrown into prison.
The desire of the boyars was fulfilled: on January 4, 1498, Ivan Vasilyevich crowned his grandson Dmitry with unprecedented triumph, as if to annoy Sophia. In the Assumption Cathedral, an elevated place was arranged among the church. Three chairs were placed here: the Grand Duke, his grandson and the Metropolitan. On the tarp lay Monomakh's cap and barm. The Metropolitan served a prayer service with five bishops and many archimandrites. Ivan III and the Metropolitan took their places on the dais. Prince Dmitry stood before them.
“Father Metropolitan,” Ivan Vasilyevich said loudly, “from ancient times our ancestors gave great reign to their first sons, so I blessed my first son Ivan with a great reign. By the will of God, he died. I now bless his eldest son, my grandson Dmitry, with me and after me with the Grand Duchy of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod. And you, father, give him your blessing."
After these words, the metropolitan invited Dmitry to stand in the place intended for him, put his hand on his bowed head and prayed loudly that the Almighty would vouchsafe him with His mercy, that virtue, pure faith and justice, etc., live in his heart, etc. Two archimandrites gave the metropolitan first barm, then Monomakh's hat, he handed it to Ivan III, and he already laid them on his grandson. This was followed by a litany, a prayer to the Theotokos, and many years; after which the clergy congratulated both Grand Dukes. “By the grace of God, rejoice and hello,” the Metropolitan proclaimed, “rejoice, Orthodox Tsar Ivan, Grand Duke of All Rus', autocrat, and with his grandson, Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich, of All Rus', for many years!”
Then the metropolitan greeted Dmitry and gave him a brief instruction so that he would have the fear of God in his heart, love the truth, mercy and righteous judgment, and so on. The prince repeated the same instruction to his grandson. With this, the coronation ceremony ended.
After mass, Dmitry left the church wearing barm and a crown. At the door he was showered with gold and silver money. This shedding was repeated at the entrance to the Archangel and Annunciation Cathedral, where the newly married Grand Duke went to pray. On this day, a rich feast was arranged at Ivan III. But the boyars did not rejoice at their triumph for long. And less than a year later, a terrible disgrace befell the main opponents of Sophia and Vasily - the princes Patrikeev and Ryapolovsky. Semyon Ryapolovsky was beheaded on the Moscow River. At the request of the clergy, the Patrikeyevs were shown mercy. The father was tonsured a monk in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, the eldest son in Kirillo-Belozersky, and the youngest was kept in custody in Moscow. There are no clear indications why the sovereign's disgrace befell these strong boyars. On one occasion, only Ivan III expressed himself about Ryapolovsky, that he was with Patrikeev " high-minded". These boyars, apparently, allowed themselves to annoy the Grand Duke with their advice and considerations. There is also no doubt that some of their intrigues against Sophia and Vasily were revealed. At the same time, Elena and Dmitry fell into disgrace; probably, her participation in the Jewish heresy also damaged her. Sophia and Vasily again took up their former position. From that time on, the sovereign began, according to the chroniclers, "not to take care of his grandson", and declared his son Vasily the Grand Duke of Novgorod and Pskov. The Pskovites, not yet knowing that Dmitry and his mother had fallen out of favor, sent to ask the sovereign and Dmitry to keep their fatherland in the old way, would not appoint a separate prince to Pskov, so that the Grand Duke who would be in Moscow would also be in Pskov.
This request annoyed Ivan III.
“Am I not free in my grandson and in my children,” he said in anger, “to whom I want, I will give the principality!”
He even ordered two of the ambassadors to be imprisoned. In 1502, Dmitry and Elena were ordered to be kept in custody, not to commemorate them at litanies in the church and not to call Dmitry the Grand Duke.
Sending ambassadors to Lithuania, Ivan ordered them to say this if their daughter or anyone else asked about Vasily:
“Our sovereign granted his son, made him a sovereign: as he himself is a sovereign in his states, so is his son with him in all those states a sovereign.”
The ambassador, who went to the Crimea, had to talk about the changes at the Moscow court like this:
“Our sovereign granted his grandson Dmitry, but he began to be rude to our sovereign; but after all, everyone favors the one who serves and strives, and who is rude, the one for which to favor.
Sofia died in 1503. Ivan III, already feeling weak in health, prepared a will. Meanwhile, it was time for Vasily to get married. An attempt to marry him to the daughter of the Danish king failed; then, on the advice of one courtier, a Greek, Ivan Vasilyevich followed the example Byzantine emperors. It was ordered to the court to gather the most beautiful girls, daughters of the boyars and boyar children, for the bride. They collected fifteen hundred of them. Vasily chose Solomonia, the daughter of the nobleman Saburov.
This method of marriage later became a custom among the Russian tsars. There was little good in him: when choosing a bride, they valued health and beauty, they did not pay much attention to temper and mind. Moreover, a woman who accidentally came to the throne, often from an ignoble state, could not behave like a real queen: in her husband she saw her master and merciful, she was not a friend for him, but a slave. She could not recognize herself as an equal with the king, and it seemed out of place for her to sit on the throne next to him; but at the same time, as a queen, she had no equal among those around her. Alone in the brilliant royal chambers, in precious jewelry, she was like a prisoner; and the king, her lord, was also alone on the throne. The manners and customs of the court also responded to the life of the boyars, and among them the separation of women from men, even seclusion, intensified even more.
In the same year that Vasily's marriage was completed (1505), Ivan III died on October 27, at the age of 67.
According to the will, all his five sons: Vasily, Yuri, Dmitry, Simeon and Andrei received allotments; but the eldest was assigned 66 cities, the richest, and the remaining four received 30 cities together; besides, they were deprived of the right to judge criminal cases in the destinies and to mint coins.
Therefore, the younger brothers of Ivan III certainly could not be called sovereigns; they were even obliged by an oath to keep the Grand Duke as master "honestly and menacingly, without offense." In the event of the death of an older brother, the younger ones had to obey the son of the deceased as their master. Thus established new order succession from father to son. Even during his lifetime, Ivan Vasilyevich ordered Vasily to conclude a similar agreement with Yuri, his second son; moreover, the will said: “If one of my sons dies and leaves neither a son nor a grandson, then his entire inheritance goes to my son Vasily, and the younger brothers do not enter into this inheritance.” The grandson of Dmitry was no longer mentioned.
All your movable property, or "treasury", as it was then said ( gems, gold and silver items, furs, dresses, etc.), Ivan III bequeathed to Vasily.
As a nephew of Mikhail of Tver who had no sons, he could claim the inheritance of the Tver principality.
Biography
Sources
- Ivan Ivanovich Young- article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Ryzhov K. All the monarchs of the world. Russia. 600 short biographies. - Moscow, 1999.
Links
Categories:
- Personalities in alphabetical order
- February 15
- Born in 1458
- Deceased March 7
- Deceased in 1490
- Princes of Tver
- Heirs who did not take the throne
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See what "Ivan Ivanovich Molodoy" is in other dictionaries:
- (1458 90) son Ivan III, from 1471 co-ruler of his father. He was one of the leaders of the Russian army during the standing on the Ugra in 1480; after joining Tver to Moscow (1485), the prince of Tver ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1458 1490), son of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, from 1471 co-ruler of his father. He was one of the leaders of the Russian army during the so-called. standing on the Ugra in 1480, which led to the liberation of Rus' from the power of the Golden Horde. After joining Moscow ... ... Russian history
- (1458 1490), son of Ivan III, from 1471 co-ruler of his father. He was one of the leaders of the Russian army during the "standing on the Ugra" in 1480; after joining Tver to Moscow (1485), the prince of Tver. * * * IVAN Ivanovich Young IVAN Ivanovich Young (15 ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
- (15.2.1458 7.3.1490) son of Ivan III Vasilyevich and his first wife Maria Borisovna, daughter of the Grand Duke of Tver. From 1471 he is mentioned as the Grand Duke co-ruler of his father. He was one of the leaders of the Russian rati during the period of "standing on the Ugra ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (1458 90) son of Ivan III Vasilievich and his first wife Maria Borisovna, daughter led. prince of Tver. From 1471 it is mentioned as led. prince co-ruler of the father; supported his centralization policy. He was one of the leaders of the Russian. rati during the period ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Ivan Ivanovich Young- IVAN IVANOVICH YOUNG (145890), son of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, from 1471 co-ruler of his father. Was one of the hands. Russian troops during the so-called. standing on the Ugra in 1480, which led to the liberation of Rus' from the power of the Golden Horde. After… … Biographical Dictionary
- (John Ioannovich) Ivan Ivanovich Red (1326 1359) Prince of Moscow and Grand Duke of Vladimir. Ivan Ivanovich Korotopol (d. 1343) Grand Duke of Ryazan. Ivan Ivanovich (1496 1533/1534) Grand Duke of Ryazan. Ivan ... ... Wikipedia
Ivan Ivanovich Okhlobystin- was born on July 22, 1966 in the Polenovo rest home of the Tarussky district of the Tula region, where his father worked as the head physician. The parents divorced soon after. After leaving school, Ivan studied at a vocational school, received the qualification of a computer operator, then served in the army, in ... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Date of birth: March 14, 1728 Place of birth: Yekaterinburg Date of death: May 27, 1766 Place of death: Barnaul Citizenship ... Wikipedia
Books
- Magnificus II, Okhlobystin Ivan Ivanovich. The novel by Ivan Okhlobystin is a magnificent example of epic fantasy. It is distinguished not only by the full effect of presence inside the text-game created for the reader, but also by the author’s signature humor, ...
On this day in 1458 he was born IVAN IVANOVICH YOUNG(1458 - 1490), Prince of Moscow, the only son of the Grand Duke of Moscow IVAN III VASILIEVICH from his first marriage to MARIA BORISOVNA, daughter of the Grand Duke of Tverskoy BORIS ALEKSANDROVICH. Ivan the Young almost became the father of the Moscow ruler - the successor of Ivan III (in 1498 the 12-year-old son of Ivan the Young, DMITRY IVANOVICH, was crowned king, however, due to complex intrigues around the Moscow throne, Ivan III changed his mind and appointed VASILY, the son of from the second marriage with the Byzantine princess SOPHIA PALEOLOGUE, father of IVAN IV VASILIEVICH THE TERRIBLE).
In 1480, having learned that Khan Akhmat was approaching the Oka, Ivan III sent his son there along with regiments and governors. Akhmat, passing along the Russian borders, went to the Ugra. Ivan followed him. The famous standing on the Ugra began. Ivan III, embarrassed by advisers, did not know what to decide. Either he wanted to fight Akhm atom, or to flee to Vologda. Several times he wrote to his son to go to Moscow. But Ivan decided it would be better to incur his father's wrath than to drive away from the shore. Seeing that the son did not obey the letters, Ivan III sent an order to the governor of Kholmsky: seizing the young grand duke by force, bring him to Moscow. Kholmsky did not dare to use force and began to persuade Ivan to go to Moscow. He answered him: "I will die here, but I will not go to my father." He guarded the movement of the Tatars, who wanted to secretly cross the Ugra and suddenly rush to Moscow: they were beaten off from the Russian coast with great loss.
In 1485, having annexed the Tver principality to Moscow, Ivan planted a son there, who, by his mother, belonged to the family of the Tver princes.
In 1490, Ivan fell ill with an ache in his legs;
Russian ambassadors from Venice called the Jewish doctor Lebi Zhidovin. He announced to the patient's father: "I will cure your son, but I will not cure him, order me to be executed by death." The Grand Duke ordered to treat. Leon began to give the patient medicine inside, and to the body to apply bottles of hot water. But Ivan became worse from this treatment and he died on March 7, 1490. Ivan III ordered the doctor to be seized, and after 40 days had passed for the deceased, Leon was executed by death. Ivan was buried in Moscow, in the Archangel Cathedral.
He and Elena Voloshanka left a son, Dmitry, whom his grandfather, Ivan III, solemnly crowned on February 4, 1498 to the kingdom in the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin. But in connection with the spread of the heresy of the Judaizers, with whom Elena Voloshanka sympathized, and the court intrigues waged by supporters of the second wife of Tsar Sophia Paleologus, in 1499 Dmitry, together with his mother, was disgraced, imprisoned, where he died a few years later.
Ivan Ivanovich, together with his father, went on a campaign to Tver and after its annexation to Moscow in 1485, when his maternal uncle Mikhail Borisovich was expelled from Tver, who was seeking an alliance with the Poles, became the prince of Tver. In honor of the reign of Ivan the Young in Tver, a coin was issued depicting him chopping the tail of a snake, personifying the betrayal of Mikhail Borisovich.
The only son of Ivan the Young - Dmitry Ivanovich Vnuk was crowned king by his grandfather Ivan III in 1498, but in 1502 he fell into disgrace and died in prison in 1509, already in the reign of his uncle Vasily III.
Family
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Notes
Literature
- Ivan Ivanovich Molodoy // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M. : Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- John Ioannovich (Young) // Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - St. Petersburg. , 1897. - T. 8: Ibak - Klyucharev. - S. 187-188.
- Tver (great and appanage princes) // Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - St. Petersburg. -M., 1896-1918.
- Zimin A. A.. - M .: Thought, 1982. - 50,000 copies.
- Ryzhov K.. - Moscow, 1999.
Links
An excerpt characterizing Ivan Ivanovich Molodoy
And he said, without hiding a smile:“So I didn’t wait for this meeting in vain,
My beloved star...
Mom was completely subdued by dad's poems ... And he wrote a lot of them to her and brought them to her work every day along with huge posters drawn by his own hand (dad drew superbly), which he unfolded right on her desktop, and on which , among all kinds of painted flowers, it was written in large letters: “Annushka, my little star, I love you!”. Naturally, what woman could endure this for a long time and not give up? .. They no longer parted ... Using every free minute to spend it together, as if someone could take it away from them. Together they went to the cinema, to dances (which they both loved very much), walked in the charming Alytus city park, until one fine day they decided that enough dates were enough and that it was time to take a look at life a little more seriously. They soon got married. But only my father's friend (my mother's younger brother) Jonas knew about this, since neither from my mother's side, nor from my father's relatives, this union did not cause much enthusiasm ... My mother's parents predicted for her a rich neighbor-teacher, who they really liked and, according to their concept, my mother “suited” perfectly, and in my father’s family at that time there was no time for marriage, since grandfather was put in prison at that time, as an “accomplice of the noble” (which, for sure, they tried to “break” the stubbornly resisting dad), and my grandmother went to the hospital from a nervous shock and was very sick. Dad was left with his little brother in his arms and now had to manage the entire household alone, which was very difficult, since the Seryogins at that time lived in a large two-story house(in which I later lived), with a huge old garden around. And, of course, such an economy required good care ...
So three long months passed, and my dad and mom, already married, were still going on dates, until mom accidentally went to dad’s house one day and found a very touching picture there ... Dad stood in the kitchen in front of the stove and looked unhappy “replenished” the hopelessly growing number of pots of semolina porridge, which at that moment was cooking for his little brother. But for some reason, the "harmful" porridge for some reason became more and more, and poor dad could not understand what was happening ... Mom, struggling to hide her smile so as not to offend the unlucky "cook", rolled up her sleeves right there began to put in order all this “stagnant domestic mess”, starting with completely occupied, “porridge stuffed” pots, an indignantly hissing stove ... helplessness, and decided to immediately move to this territory, which was still completely alien and unfamiliar to her ... And although it was not very easy for her at that time either - she worked at the post office (to support herself), and in the evenings went to preparatory classes for medical school exams.
She, without hesitation, gave all her remaining strength to her exhausted young husband and his family. The house immediately came to life. In the kitchen, there was a stupefying smell of delicious Lithuanian "cepelins", which my father's little brother adored and, just like his father, who had been sitting on dry food for a long time, ate them literally to the "unreasonable" limit. Everything became more or less normal, except for the absence of my grandparents, about whom my poor dad worried very much, and sincerely missed them all this time. But now he already had a young beautiful wife, who, as best she could, tried in every possible way to brighten up his temporary loss, and looking at dad's smiling face, it was clear that she was doing it quite well. Papa's little brother very soon got used to his new aunt and followed her tail, hoping to get something tasty or at least a beautiful "evening fairy tale", which his mother read to him in great abundance before going to bed.
So calmly in everyday worries the days passed, and then the weeks. Grandmother, by that time, had already returned from the hospital and, to her great surprise, found a newly-baked daughter-in-law at home ... And since it was too late to change anything, they simply tried to get to know each other better, avoiding unwanted conflicts (which inevitably appear with any new, too close acquaintance). More precisely, they simply “got used to each other”, trying to honestly bypass any possible “underwater reefs” ... I was always sincerely sorry that my mother and grandmother never fell in love with each other ... They both were (or rather, mother still are) beautiful people, and I loved them both very much. But if grandmother, all her life spent together, somehow tried to adapt to her mother, then mother, on the contrary, at the end of her grandmother’s life, sometimes showed her irritation too openly, which deeply hurt me, since I was very attached to both of them and very she did not like to fall, as they say, "between two fires" or forcefully take sides. I have never been able to figure out what caused this constant "silent" war between these two wonderful women, but apparently there were some very good reasons for this, or perhaps my poor mother and grandmother were just really "incompatible" , as happens quite often with strangers living together. One way or another, it was a pity, because, in general, it was a very friendly and faithful family, in which everyone stood up for each other like a mountain, and experienced every trouble or misfortune together.
