Are you still thinking about which hazel tree to plant on your personal plot and you can't decide? We advise you to opt for such a subspecies of walnut bushes as common hazel. Planting and care according to prescribed rules- these are the basic conditions for having tidbits in your garden. And it will not be difficult to master these actions even for beginner amateur gardeners.

Hazel varieties: which one to choose?

Currently, about 100 varieties of hazel are known. However, for planting in personal plots, experienced gardeners recommend choosing standard hazel trees. These are evergreen low-growing shrubs that will not only add decorativeness to the garden, but will also be convenient when harvesting.

Here are the main varieties for growing hazel in the garden and their brief description:

• The almond-shaped hazelnut got its name due to its resemblance to almond nuts. Hazel bushes of this variety are moderate in height and are distinguished by a regular and abundant harvest, which can be harvested as early as mid-August.
• The Roman hazelnut is very resistant to various diseases and differs from its counterparts in the high oil content of the kernel.
• Cosford is a hazel variety of English origin with a compact crown. It has an early flowering period - early August. And the first fruits appear by mid-September.
• The early Trebizond hazelnut has medium-sized bushes. However, in order to harvest a normal crop that ripens by the end of July, you will need to plant several plants of this species at once.

For planting common hazel in the Urals and in the southern part of Siberia, it is recommended to choose more winter-hardy varieties that, when proper care will be very prolific. These varieties of hazel include:

• Tambov late;
• firstborn;
• Ivanteevsky red;
• memory of Yablokov.

Cross-pollination of common hazel flowers requires the simultaneous planting of several varieties of shrubs. This will provide growers with a higher and more regular harvest.

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Common hazel: planting and care

Common hazel is popularly called an eternal shrub, because this hazel can grow in one place for hundreds of years and at the same time regularly bear fruit. The worst enemy of garden hazelnuts is drought. Therefore, in hot periods with a long absence of precipitation, it is necessary to provide the plant with proper watering, preferably in the evening.

Landing: the main stages

Before you start planting a hazel, you need to choose the right place for its location. Give preference to a well-lit piece of land that will not be flooded in the spring. Common hazel grows well in almost any soil, except for too dry, sandy and swampy. Time for planting should be given in early autumn or spring after the convergence of the bulk of the snow.

1. For a month and a half, it is worth worrying about preparing a landing pit. To do this, it will be enough to dig a hole measuring 50 × 60 cm, fill with humus and lightly feed the soil with mineral fertilizers.
2. Before planting directly, the hazel seedling should be cut to 20-25 cm, and the root system should be dipped in a specially prepared solution of clay and manure.

1. Hazelnut cuttings are placed in a hole, sprinkled with earth and compacted.
2. After that, an edge hole is made around the seedling and watered abundantly with water.
3. For better growth, experienced gardeners recommend covering young cuttings with sawdust or withered foliage.

You should also not forget that hazel is planted for many years. Therefore, the distance between relatives and other trees should be from 4 to 6 meters.

Pruning and shaping the shrub

The main concern of the gardener when planting hazel is to regularly trim excess shoots inside the shrub. This provides the plant with proper lighting and ventilation. Pruning for young plants is necessary every autumn for 4 years - this is the period that will be needed before the first nuts appear. The main branches are slightly deflected to the side and fixed with wire to aluminum rods previously stuck into the soil.

Proper pruning of young hazel bushes greatly facilitates the care of an adult plant. In the future, only preventive measures will be needed to remove dry and damaged branches and stumps.

Fertilizer and watering

In especially rainy periods, watering for the shrub is not required. In the dry season, especially in the summer months (June and July), hazelnuts are watered at the rate of 15 liters of water per bush.

Common hazel is very fond of top dressing, which should be aimed at improving yields:

• organic fertilizers are applied to the root system of the shrub every 2-3 years;
• nitrogen fertilizers are given every spring or early summer;
• phosphorus, potash or complex fertilizers are sufficient to be introduced 2 times per season.

For the laziest gardeners, fertilizing once a season with organomineral fertilizers is allowed.

Features of growing plants in the Urals and Siberia

Although it is generally accepted that hazel loves a warm climate middle lane Russia, but this shrub can grow and bear fruit well even in the northern regions of the country. To do this, hazelnuts must be provided with proper care before the onset of winter cold.

Experienced gardeners recommend bending shrub branches to the ground in late autumn and covering them with a load. In winter, the bush will be completely covered with snow, which will not allow the inflorescences to freeze and deteriorate. In the spring, the load is removed, and the plant takes its natural position. So that the hazel does not grow with age, and its branches can also be easily bent, you will need to cut the bush to form young shoots.

Hazel and hazelnuts are rare guests on our garden plots. And this is rather strange, considering how much one kilogram of nuts costs.

On a plot of four acres, you can create a whole hazelnut garden that will bear fruit well.

About soil

Hazelnut prefers light texture and organic-rich soils. If the land on the site is different, then it must be corrected by adding sand and humus to the planting pit.

Moreover, humus needs relatively little. And the sand must be poured without sparing. Hazelnut does not like acidic soils, therefore, it will not be superfluous to add a little ash to the pit when planting.

About varieties and harvest

The first nuts in theory should appear in the fifth or sixth year, but with good care We will try the first nuts on the second one.

True, at this age, only two to five nuts are removed from the bushes, but next year the harvest will already be more significant.

With age, the number of nuts in each seed increases, the clusters become larger and heavier.

Varieties A are distinguished by such numerous seedlings. Academician Yablokov And № 4219.

Academician Yablokov

The plants are very beautiful. The female inflorescences have maroon, almost black stigmas, so during spring flowering it always seems that they are frozen, but by mid-June this impression is dissipated by the appearance of a copious amount of knotted nuts.

Excessively thin shells contribute to severe weevil damage to nuts. Variety late deadline maturation. Pollinators for this variety are Tambov late, as well as Pervenets.

Winter hardiness is average - male inflorescences and one-year growth freeze slightly. Female inflorescences withstand spring frosts down to minus 6 - 7oC. The bush has a beautiful bowl shape.

However, varietal hazelnuts are difficult to get, but savages also give good harvests. True, their nuts are often small.

famous Ivanteevsky hazelnuts- they are frost-resistant, like northern hazel, and productive, and large-fruited, like southern hazelnuts.

Moscow ruby

Coloring - its leaves, plush and the nut itself are bright crimson at the beginning of summer, dark crimson by the end of summer.

In seed fruit 7-8, and sometimes up to 15 large nuts.

The core is tender, excellent dessert taste. In the Moscow region, nuts ripen in the first decade of October. The bush is vigorous, powerful, up to 4.5 m high, winter-hardy, fruitful. It bears fruit almost annually - 3-4 kg per bush.

Tambov early

Variety Tambovsky early can grow throughout the range of common hazel. It is frost-resistant, withstands frosts down to -42 ° С. The ripening time of its nuts comes in the Moscow and Tambov regions on August 15-20.

There are from 2 to 10 nuts in a plush. Harvest from a bush aged 10 years or more up to 4 kg, from 1 ha - up to 16 c. Seedling from free pollination of the local form (Tambov region) of common hazel.

Forms many male inflorescences and is a good pollinator for other varieties.

Sugar

A bush of medium strength (3-3.5m) with a spreading, dense crown. The yield is up to 3-4 kg per bush. Fruits weighing (1.8 g), rounded with a thin shell.

Ripening period end of August - beginning of September. Winter hardiness is high.

Excellent taste - hence the name - "Sugar". The variety is very decorative - leaves and nuts on a bush of dark cherry color. Most high quality harvested fruits - surpasses all other varieties in terms of oil and sugar content.

Girls - boys

When designing a walnut garden, it should be taken into account that nuts are a wind-pollinated crop, that is, they bear fruit better when several varieties grow nearby. It is possible to plant one bush of wild hazel in the garden for pollination - the yields of the remaining hazelnuts will only increase.

Bush formation

Three years after planting, a hazelnut bush must be formed. The bowl is considered the ideal crown shape for a nut. To do this, it is necessary to annually remove all shoots growing in the center of the crown, and cut the central conductor above the side branches to the outer bud.

Pruning is best done in the spring before the buds swell on the shoots. The signal for its implementation is the fall of the earrings.

But the walnut garden begins with the acquisition of seedlings. Here, of course, you need to choose, varieties differ in yield. So, an adult bush of the Akademik Yablokov variety gives birth to 10 kg of nuts. Therefore, the choice of variety is a responsible moment.

How to propagate

If desired, you can propagate the variety you like by landing layering, and by the end of summer they will take root. Such layering when landing on permanent place give a harvest in a year and retain all the signs of the mother plant.

You can propagate hazelnuts and seeds. Once sown, they will perfectly acclimatize and will be resistant to the vicissitudes of the weather. But on the other hand, the harvest will have to wait five to seven years, and it remains to be seen what kind of dark horse will grow from these seeds. You can easily wait seven years for the fruits of hazelnuts, and then it turns out that it would be better not to plant it.

Therefore, we are only interested in seedlings from vegetative propagation, which guarantee us an excellent result.

How to choose a seedling

In order not to miscalculate, acquiring seedlings, you need to pay attention to their roots. If they are pivotal, then these are seedlings, that is, undesirable for us. But if the root is fibrous, departs from the stem somehow non-standard - this is what we need.

A few notes from practice:

● seedlings that are heavily buried during planting may die;

● watering seedlings in the first two years of cultivation in dry weather is highly desirable as their root system is very weak and they will suffer from lack of moisture;

● when autumn planting it is necessary to mulch the near-trunk circle, that is, to protect the seedlings from freezing.

Hazel is a multi-stemmed shrub 2–5 m high. It has rounded leaves with serrated edges. It grows in the temperate zone of Eurasia, America (American species).

Many lovers of hazelnuts in their garden often face the fact that only a small handful of nuts can be collected from a large spreading hazel bush, while nuts can be collected in bags in wild hazelnut thickets. What is the reason, and how to make your "home" hazel bear fruit abundantly?

Hazelnut is a monoecious, wind-pollinated, self-fertile plant. Therefore, for normal pollination and fruiting 2-3 varieties (or seedlings) should be planted simultaneously.

Hazel blossoms very early, when there are no leaves yet. Male flowers are collected in drooping catkins, bloom for 3-5 days.

Photo: male hazel flowers

Female - in inconspicuous shortened inflorescences of 2 pieces, bloom up to 15 days. The fruit is a nut.

Photo: female flower hazel

Often male flowers fall under spring return frosts. After flowering, the earrings fall off (the ovary is hidden in the bud), the leaves bloom in May, the nuts ripen in August - September.

A place for planting hazel should be chosen snowy, warm, well lit, protected from the winds, with occurrence ground water no closer than 1–1.5 m. Hazel is planted 2–4 m from other plants.

Hazelnut is an exceptionally demanding plant for fertility, top dressing, watering. The soil where it grows must be well-drained.

Hazelnuts require shaping like an openwork bush (because it gives abundant shoots and thickens). For the winter, the hazel is bent down and covered with snow.

In the zone of Siberia (including Altai), hybrid forms of hazel are grown. Selection was started in Altai by Z. I. Luchnik, now V. G. Ryabushkina is conducting. Promising forms and varieties of hazelnuts have been created.

Barnaul are known (Alida, Lentina) and biy varieties - hybrid forms (Biysk green leaf, Biysk red leaf, Biysk Sharova).

Hazelnut in the Siberian garden

Hazelnut (hazel)- those are nuts early varieties and hybrids between them belonging to the same botanical genus- hazel (Corylus) from the birch family (Betulaceae).

Of all the nut fruits, hazelnuts are the most balanced complex source of high-calorie complete product nutrition.

In the kernel of cultivated forms of hazelnuts, the amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates reaches 98%, for comparison: in wheat bread- 51%, in potatoes- 22%. The nut kernel contains 20 amino acids that form complete proteins, in terms of calories it is 668 kcal per 100 g, while 200-300 g of nuts provide the daily requirement of an adult.

Nuts in any form are perfectly absorbed by the body, retain their taste qualities when stored in normal room conditions up to 4 years (!), as more than one ready-made non-preserved product. They are widely used in the production confectionery, are part of exquisite types of sweets, halva.

Walnut oil, which contains up to 30% of the most valuable unsaturated fatty linoleic acid for humans, is used for the prevention of sclerosis and for the manufacture of medical preparations (ointments, creams for the treatment of arthritis, nervous diseases, adenomas).

The plant world is very mysterious, and he is reluctant to reveal his secrets to us. Since ancient times, hazel shoots have been used to make magic and fortune-telling wands, with which you could protect yourself and cast spells. Leaves, bark have antioxidant properties and are widely used in traditional medicine for therapeutic baths, decoctions, ointments.

Each breed of hazelnut, or hazelnut, has its own energy potential, emits waves of a certain length. From this position hazelnut- an exceptionally unusual and attractive plant. Hazel "feels" thoughts, and knows how to take revenge for an aggressive attitude towards himself. But you are unlikely to find a better friend for conversation in the garden. The hazel bush is beautiful, graceful thanks to the carved corrugated leaf of bright green or red.

In Siberia, a garden variety of hazelnut is cultivated, which, thanks to adapted varieties and seedlings (the third generation of the European variety), is distinguished by a stable high yield.

Being a plant of the forest community, hazelnuts feel great in gardens, undemanding to soil fertility. Thanks to a powerful root system, it can be cultivated for soil reclamation and for landscaping.

The hazelnut bush is multi-stemmed, up to 3-5 meters high. It enters fruiting at 5-6 years of age, bears fruit well up to 40 years, then requires rejuvenation, and so it can live up to 150 years.

Based on our research, we recommend rejuvenating hazelnuts gradually, replacing aging shoots with young ones. In a bush up to 6-7 years of age, we form 4-5 main shoots, removing excess growth, older than 8-10 years- 10-15 shoots.

An important advantage of the selected forms is high winter hardiness.

To obtain stable yields, it is necessary to plant several plants of different varieties, they are well pollinated, giving up to 10 kg of nuts per bush.

Seedlings are planted at a distance of 2-4 m, providing constant moisture, apply mulching various materials. With age, the mulching layer is formed due to falling leaves.

I offer a description of the forms of hazelnuts obtained in Altai, accepted in 2008 for the state variety testing of the Russian Federation.

Lentina (seedling variety Tambovsky early)- green leaf form. The bush is compact. Nuts of medium size, with a thin skin. The core is in a light silky film, tasty, tender. Full maturity occurs in mid-August, and they crumble themselves. In the stage of milky ripeness, they are suitable for consumption already in early August. In seed fruit 3-7 nuts.

Alida (seedling of the Moscow ruby ​​variety) is distinguished by very beautiful reddish large leaves. In seed fruit 4-6 nuts. Ripens in early September.

Valentina Ryabushkina , Ph.D. Sciences.Contact in Barnaul by phone. (8-385-2) 68-46-87; hundred 8-961-230-50-18

Look for planting material of nuts in the section "Nurseries. Saplings"

Hazelnut (hazelnut) Siberian red leaf "Alida"

Valuable multi-stemmed nut-bearing shrub up to 4 m tall. Unpretentious to growing conditions, winter-hardy. Fruits in 4-5 years after planting. The fruits ripen by the end of August-mid-September (in Barnaul).

This variety has young shoots and foliage - a dark burgundy color. As the shoot grows, they are repainted in green.

Culture is easy to care for. The formation of a bush is started from 3-4 years of age, when rhizome shoots already appear. In each of the bushes, 10-12 shoots are left, located as far as possible from one another. Hazelnuts do not like thickening, because in poor light the yield is significantly reduced. Every year in autumn or spring, it is necessary to remove excess shoots, dry branches, thereby taking care of the rejuvenation of the bush. The optimal number of main branches of different ages in a bush should be no more than 12-16 pieces.

When planting in a pit, one bucket of humus is laid. In the dry season, seedlings should be watered, preventing the soil from drying out.

The growth of hazelnut bushes goes in a circle with a diameter of more than a meter due to rhizomes on which dormant buds are located.

On the plot NEEDED plant several varieties of hazelnuts (at least 2 different varieties) adapted to the conditions of Siberia (I am writing about regions of Russia similar in climate). One bush will NEVER bear fruit (this applies to any hazelnut varieties).

Hazelnut varieties obtained in Altai, accepted for state variety testing of the Russian Federation.

Lentina(seedling variety Tambov early) - green-leaved form. The bush is compact. Nuts of medium size, with a thin skin. The core is in a light silky film, tasty, tender. Full maturity occurs in mid-August, and they crumble themselves. In the stage of milky ripeness, they are suitable for consumption already in early August. In seed fruit 3-7 nuts.

Alida(seedling of the Moscow ruby ​​variety) has very beautiful large reddish leaves. In seed fruit 4-6 nuts. Ripens in early September.

Both varieties are presented in our online store. Add to the basket of orders and the miracle shrub will grow in your garden and you will collect a lot of delicious nuts with a thin shell.