Schedule of services in Petrovsky park. Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Petrovsky Park. Church of the Annunciation in Petrovsky Park - device

History of the Church of the Annunciation is inseparable from the history of the Petrovsky Travel Palace, built in the 18th century. by decree of Empress Catherine II architect M.F. Kazakov. The palace is located near the ancient Tverskoy tract (now Leningradsky Prospekt), by which the reigning persons entered Moscow, and received its name from the Vysokopetrovsky Monastery, which owned these lands.

Starting with the emperor Paul in the Petrovsky Palace, all the sovereigns stopped before the coronation. For the coronation of Alexander II, nearby, on the Khodynka field, a royal pavilion for guests of honor and entertainment facilities were built, horse races were held. For the people, whose confluence reached 500 thousand, tables were laid with plentiful refreshments; fountains gushed with honey and wine, buns and fried chickens hung from the trees.

May 5, 1896 A few days before his coronation, Nicholas II and his wife arrived at the Petrovsky Palace. On the sides of the highway, despite the pouring rain, they were met by people, many on their knees. The parade guard lined up in the palace, the sovereign was expected by representatives of the clergy, county zemstvo, and the nobility. On May 9, to the sound of all Moscow bells, the royal motorcade left for the Kremlin, and on May 14 the coronation took place.

With Petrovsky Palace the events of the war of 1812 are also connected. Napoleon hid in it for several days, and his generals with headquarters huddled side by side in English gardens, grottoes, Chinese pavilions and garden arbors.

Restoration of the destroyed and the plundered palace began in 1826. Nicholas I himself observed the progress of the work. And in 1827, the architect A.A. Menelas with the participation of I.T. Tamansky drew up a plan for the park on the territory adjacent to the palace and the Maslovaya wasteland. Work on its arrangement was carried out under the supervision of the head of the Moscow Commission from the buildings of A.A. Bashilov.

Moscow Bois de Boulogne , as the aristocrats dubbed it, fell in love with the inhabitants of the old capital. “Look at what a luxurious carpet this cheerful park spreads, how its wide, rolled roads scatter in all directions, with what elegant taste its groves are scattered ...” wrote the novelist M.N. Zagoskin. A theater was opened in the park, balls were held, and in winter, sledge races were held in front of the palace. In the 1840s festivities moved here from Tverskoy Boulevard.

First dachas Moscow nobility were built next to the palace back in late XVII 1st century Here, at the dacha of A.S. Sobolevsky, on May 19, 1827, friends arranged a farewell dinner for A.S. Pushkin. With the advent of the park, having a dacha in Petrovsky became fashionable.

Among the owners Chamberlain Anna Dmitrievna Naryshkina also had dachas, and she had to endure severe trials. In 1829, her 19-year-old daughter Maria and son-in-law died., State Councilor, Chamberlain and Cavalier Count Mark Nikolayevich Bulgari; little granddaughter Anna remained in the arms of grandparents. IN 1841 . the girl also died, in the same year Anna Dmitrievna also buried her husband, chamberlain Pavel Petrovich Naryshkin.

In 1842 she sent a petition to the Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna Filaret, where she reported on her desire to build a temple in Petrovsky: “In Christian piety and humble hope in God, I made a sacred vow to build a stone two-story church with my own dependence<...>in memory of the death of my grandchildren, the maiden Countess Anna Bulgari, who died here during her summer residence.

Rejected from the Moscow Spiritual Consistory, Anna Dmitrievna turned to Nicholas I, and permission was received. The sovereign approved the project of the academician of architecture, professor, court adviser F.F. Richter, but on the drawing, possibly by the emperor himself, the unusual parabolic dome of the bell tower was crossed out, anticipating the forms of Art Nouveau.

1September 2, 1843 according to the prescription of St. Philaretan, the laying of the temple took place on the Palace Alley behind the Petrovsky Palace (now the Palace Alley is called Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, the alley between the temple and the park was called Naryshkinskaya).

In a year major work has been completed. In summer 1847 . Anna Dmitrievna reported that the church "with the help of God, the construction was completed, utensils, sacristy, liturgical books and everything necessary for worship was adequately supplied." On August 24, Bishop Joseph of Dmitrov, vicar of the Moscow diocese, blessed the church. The Consistory ordered to pray in it for the temple builder and her family.

In the priest Nikolai Moiseevich Sokolov, deacon of the church of Joachim and Anna, on Yakimanka (blown up in 1969), was promoted to the Church of the Annunciation. His Eminence Vasily Liperovsky's choir was chosen as a deacon, and Dmitriy Konstantinovich Rozanov, a student of the Moscow Seminary of the Middle Department, was assigned as sexton. In 1848, Nikon Fedorovich Troitsky became a deacon.

In 1849St. Philaret approved the temple as a parish. In addition to the owners of dachas, their yard people and soldiers from the Khodynka field camps became parishioners. This happened after the death of A.D. Naryshkina, who died on April 6 1848 . and was buried in the cemetery of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery not far from her beloved granddaughter.

In 1852Sergey Vasilyevich Belyaev became the rector of the temple, who served here until his death in 1887 In 1856 ., when the Petrovsky Palace was being prepared for the coronation of Alexander II, the temple was repaired. IN 1861 . a fence with two iron gates was built on the western side. IN 1881 . a stone fence with metal bars appeared along the Palace Alley, and the houses of the clergy were put in order. IN 1888 . son-in-law Fr. Sergiy Belyaeva, Pyotr Speransky

"Moscow Church Gazette" reported: “On November 21, 1892, the grand opening of the parochial school, established at the Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, took place in Petrovsky Park<...>. The school is designed for 60 boys - the children of local peasants "(later girls also studied in it). “On July 4, 1899, in the Church of the Annunciation of the Mother of God in Petrovsky Park, the superbly finished upper main church was consecrated. The iconostasis is again gilded; holy iconsresumed; the walls of the church are decorated with paintings and ornaments; the outside of the temple has also been repaired.” "Sunday, March 18< 1901 .>, bells were raised to the bell tower<...>built with funds donated by philanthropists.

By the beginning of the twentieth century. The population of Petrovsky Park grew greatly, and in 1904 the temple was expanded. According to the project of V.P. Gavrilov, two side aisles were attached to it, where the thrones of the righteous Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess and the Monks Xenophon and Mary with children John and Arcadius were transferred. The central chapel was re-consecrated in honor of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God. The upper part of the windows on the second floor was covered with metal shields, on which icons were painted. An oven was built under the temple, which heated the lower floor.

In 1910-1911. a stone two-story house was built on the donations of parishioners according to the project of A.P. Evlanova. It housed the "almshouse for the elderly women of the parish", the apartment of the psalmist and two apartments for rent. The income went to the maintenance of the almshouse, heating and consecration of the parochial school. There was a library at the church. In 1916–1917 artist A.D. Borozdin with an assistant - Deacon John from the Church of All Saints on Sokol painted the vaults and walls of the lower church.

in Blagoveshchensk The church was served at different times by Fr. Avenir Aleksandrovich Polozov (he was involved in the case of Patriarch Tikhon, in 1920 he was sentenced to death, which was replaced by a concentration camp, but was able to escape, served in the Kazan Church at the Kaluga Gates, after it was closed in 1927 - in the Church of the Annunciation, since 1932 - in the church at the Danilovsky cemetery; died on September 1, 1936), deacons Mikhail Morozov and Sergey Ivanovich Smirnov, clerk Ivan Vasilyevich Kulagin (later he was rector Trinity Church in Kamenka (now Elektrougli), during the years of persecution he was arrested twice and on December 10, 1937 shot at the Butovo firing range) psalmist Sergei Alexandrovich Gromakovsky. The names of the prosphora maker Olga Nikolaevna Morozova and the watchman Pavel Nikolaevich Lebedev are known.

After Octoberlife in Petrovsky Park has changed radically since the coup. In 1917–1919 shootings took place here. Later, the dachas were demolished, the ponds were covered up. IN 1928 . the Dynamo stadium was built, and in 1938 . metro station of the same name. To this day, only small plot parka. Petrovsky Palace in 1918 . passed into state ownership.
In 1923 . it housed the N.E. Zhukovsky. During the war years, the building was used for the headquarters of long-range aviation and air defense forces, then it was again occupied by the academy. Now it houses the Reception House of the Government of Moscow and the Center for International Cooperation and a hotel for high-ranking officials.

Blagoveshchensky templeremained active for the time being. IN 1918 . the parochial school was liquidated, but the archpriestAlexander Mikhailovich Tretyakov, who served in the church until its closure, continued "to teach the Law of God to the children of the parish just as zealously and just as free of charge." IN 1921 . the parishioners petitioned Patriarch Tikhon to grant the rector Fr. Peter Speransky with a miter. Although many live very far away, they wrote, “not a single one in need of spiritual healing or seriously ill was left without communion and spiritual parting words from Father Peter, who spiritually cares for us.” IN 1929 . O. Peter died and was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery (destroyed in 1936).

July 28, 1932 the temple was closed and for many years turned into a warehouse of the Zhukovsky Academy. All furnishings, icons and utensils disappeared without a trace, the painting of the vaults and walls was partially lost, and an electric cable was laid along the central composition “Annunciation”. In the 1950s–1960s the fence and the northern staircase of the porch were dismantled, the crosses and domes were removed, the second tiers were built in the lower church, arches were laid, the bell tower was adapted for an overhead crane. All church houses were destroyed, the traffic police housed the clergy in the house, and a pub was built on the territory.

September 25, 1991 the academy handed over the temple to the Russian Orthodox Church. Archpriest Dimitry Smirnov was appointed rector. On September 29, for the first time in many years, the Divine Liturgy was celebrated in the church.

By the forces of parishioners restoration work began: domes and crosses were installed, it was decided anew interior decoration churches,a white-stone portal was made, the metlakh slabs of the central aisle were restored, granite floors were laid. The facade was decorated with mosaic images of the Savior, the Holy Trinity, the Annunciation, Saints Philaret and Tikhon. New bells appeared on the belfry. It took a lot of work to remove the pub from the church land and free the clergy's house (now it has been reconstructed). Designed by architect S.Ya. Kuznetsov, a baptismal church was erected in the name of the Holy Martyr Vladimir Medvedyuk and the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, as well as the Orthodox Educational Center. There is a park on the church grounds.

Blagoveshchensky the temple is a single parish with the church of St. Mitrofan of Voronezh on Khutorskaya. There are service of annunciation and catechesis, catechetical courses, Sunday school, Sisterhood in the name of the Martyr Elizabeth with patronage service, service of mercy, Gymnasium "Light" orphanage and family-type children's boarding house "Pavlin", youth club and theater studio "Petrovsky Park", singing school,
icon class,multimedia blog of archpriest Dimitry Smirnov, Elizabethan publishing house, multimedia publishing house "Deonika", parish website "Blagodrevo", museum, library, radio program "Annunciation", online library "Annunciation", bookstore "Ryza", film lecture hall "Touching Christianity",family meetings "Father's House" are held, the monthly magazine "Calendar" is published. The rector of the parish heads the Patriarchal Commission for Family Affairs, Protection of Motherhood and Childhood.

The park surrounding the Petrovsky Travel Palace was once much larger. Much of his heritage has been lost forever, but a unique church has survived - a monument to a granddaughter who died early from an inconsolable grandmother.

In the 1820s, a vast landscape park was laid out behind the Petrovsky Travel Palace on Petersburg Highway, created by decree of Catherine II in 1775-1782. He received the name Petrovsky. The territory quickly became popular with Muscovites who took walks here: a summer theater and a building for concerts, swings, gazebos, billiards and other places of entertainment appeared. Also, part of the land of the new park was given to the Moscow nobles for the construction country cottages. Not far from the palace, the dacha of the wife of the chamberlain Anna Dmitrievna Naryshkina appeared, which in 1841 suffered grief: her granddaughter, Countess Anna Bulgari, died here. For this reason, she asked Emperor Nicholas I and Metropolitan Philaret of Moscow to allow her to build a temple in memory of her granddaughter on the site of her own dacha, which was granted.

The original design of the Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Petrovsky Park belonged to the architect, but was rejected by the authorities: according to him, the new two-bell church with galleries would turn into a small copy of the Petrovsky Palace. An alternative option was proposed by the architect F.F. Richter - he was brought to life in 1844-1847. The prototype of the Church of the Annunciation was the ancient Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist in Dyakovo, today located on the territory of the museum in Kolomenskoye - this type of temple is called "pillar-shaped". The building was created two-tiered: on the rectangular lower temple, the octagon of the upper temple was placed, ending with semicircular and triangular kokoshniks with one wide helmet-shaped dome on the drum. At the same time, the sides of the upper church are cut through by long narrow windows reaching to the floor. From the west, the church is adjoined by a vast porch with two staircases, decorated in the Russian style and completed with a four-sided hipped bell tower.

The main altar in the name of the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos was located in the upper church, while side chapels appeared in the lower one: the first - in the name of Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess, the second - in the name of St. Xenophon and Mary. All names were given in honor of the patron saints of the temple builder, her late granddaughter and other relatives. In 1904, in a new extension to the lower church, an additional chapel was consecrated in the name of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God. In 1916‑1917, the artist A.D. Borozdin re-painted the walls and vaults of the church.

The exact date of the cessation of worship in the Church of the Annunciation has not been established; it happened somewhere in the mid-1930s. Petrovsky Park in 1918 became the site of mass executions, later its territory was significantly reduced: summer cottages were demolished, most of the land was transferred for the construction of the Dynamo stadium and other sports facilities attached to it. Turned into a warehouse, the temple came under the jurisdiction of the Zhukovsky Academy, located in the Petrovsky Travel Palace. The temple lost its completion, the interiors were also seriously damaged. Since 1991, divine services have been held in the Church of the Annunciation again, restoration work has returned it to its former appearance.

The history of Petrovsky Park goes back centuries. Among historians, there are several versions about the origin of the name. Actually, Petrovsky Park, named after the Petrovsky Palace, was built in the first half of the 19th century. According to the traditional, best-known version, Petrovsky Park was laid out on the lands that once belonged to the Moscow Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery - the same monastery that gave its name to Petrovka Street, on which it is located.

Indeed, the first mention of the local possessions of the Petrovsky Monastery dates back to 1498, when they were very impressive in size, reaching the borders of the All Saints village and the modern line of the Riga road. After 1678, the village of Petrovskoye appeared near these lands, when the grandfather of Peter I, the boyar Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin, bought the neighboring village of Semchino from Prince Prozorovsky, and it became known as Petrovsky (the future Petrovsky-Razumovsky). After the Streltsy rebellion of 1682, a patrimonial church was erected in it in the name of the holy apostles Peter and Paul in honor of the namesake of the grandson of the owner, Tsarevich Peter, which gave the name to the new land of the Naryshkins - the village of Petrovsky. Whether the name of the former monastery lands was imprinted in it, or whether it became the full namesake of the neighboring property of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery - there are two main opinions of scientists on this issue.

The first says that these were neighbors - "namesakes", two different possessions with the same name "Petrovskoye", but with a different origin of the name. At one, which was in the area of ​​Petrovsky Park, it came from the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. Another, the future Petrovsko-Razumovsky - from the local Peter and Paul Church or even on behalf of the august grandson of the owner of these places, on whose name day the church was consecrated. Various suggestions have been made that Peter I was allegedly born here, or that Naryshkin named his property Petrovsky after the birth of the prince.

According to another opinion, the village of Petrovskoe was one, in the old days of enormous size, at different ends-wings of which various settlements arose - both Petrovskoe itself, and Petrovsko-Razumovskoye and Petrovskoe-Zykovo. So many variants of the same name with different prefixes lead to the idea that they are all parts of one big whole. The emergence of these settlements with the same name in the first part, but with different endings, was due to the fact that by that time the once deserted territories of a large monastic estate began to be populated and received their new “additional” names. This version is supported by the fact that the village of Petrovskoye-Zykovo (in whose territory Petrovsky Park was laid out), founded at the end of the 17th century, definitely belonged to the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery - both at that time and after the secularization of 1764. Previously, it was called only Petrovsky, and then it imprinted the name of the Zykov boyars, who served Peter I and equipped this village.

One thing is certain - the village of Petrovskoye appears in documents after 1678: it means that it appeared exactly under the Naryshkins, who could, naming their new possession, pay tribute to the Petrovsky Monastery: perhaps Peter's grandfather erected a church that echoes the name of the highly revered Naryshkins of Moscow Vysoko - Petrovsky monastery.

So, one version is that all these villages (Petrovskoye, Petrovskoye-Semchino, Petrovsko-Razumovskoye, Petrovskoye-Zykovo) are different wings of one ancient property, the village of Petrovsky, which arose in the 17th century from the lands of the ancient monastery grounds, in the first part of the name of which lies the same "root", especially since they are all very close. The second version does not connect Petrovsky and Petrovsko-Razumovsky, considers them different in origin and name, "namesake" in name, and traditionally derives the name of Petrovsky Park and the travel palace on behalf of the local landowner - Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery.

The history and appearance of Petrovsky Park was strongly influenced by its location: on the outskirts of Moscow, at the main state road of Russia, which connected Moscow and St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 18th century. That is why the Petrovsky Palace was built on these lands, where the last stop of the royal train for rest before Moscow was, when the most august persons came to the capital for the coronation or for celebrations. Previously, wooden travel palaces stood in the village of Vsekhsvyatsky, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bmodern Sokol, but over time, a grandiose, majestic, solemn building was urgently required. And the reason for its construction appeared. In 1774, celebrations were held on the Khodynka field near the site of the future palace in honor of the conclusion of the victorious Kyuchuk-Kaynardzhiysky peace with Turkey. And for the "festivities" the architect Matvey Kazakov built here temporary entertainment pavilions in the "Turkish style", symbolizing the conquered enemy fortresses.

The place was liked by Empress Catherine II, who personally arrived at the celebrations. Satisfied with the past celebrations, she ordered a stone palace from Kazakov, with architecture based on these pavilions, both in honor of the victory won and as a monument to the glory of Russia and its soldiers. The palace, ready by 1783, had two outbuildings in the form of fortress walls with towers in the fashionable Gothic-Moorish style. As the writer M. Zagoskin put it about him, it was "a beautiful building of Moorish architecture, converted to European customs." The palace has two facades: one, the main one, faces the road, the second - to the park, sometimes called the Petrovsky Grove, since the Petrovsky Park itself appeared later. The name of the Petrovsky Palace also causes disputes among historians: it is traditionally believed that the palace is so named because it was built on the former property of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. Others believe that these were pastures, that is, the outlying lands of the mysterious village of Petrovsky. The third version is based on a legend linking the name of the palace with the name of Peter the Great, and it has real grounds: the name of the palace definitely came from the name of the locality Petrovskoye, but the choice of it for the name of the palace symbolized the succession of the reign of Catherine II to the undertakings of Peter I.

Catherine herself first stopped in this palace in 1787, and, according to legend, sent a guard, saying that she would spend the night under the protection of her people. And as if all night long huge crowds ordinary people wandered under the dark windows, protecting the sleep of their empress from the slightest rustle: "Do not make noise, do not disturb our mother's peace." Stopping at the Petrovsky Palace became a tradition and did not stop even when the railway appeared, linking the Russian capitals. The first sovereign who stopped in this palace before the coronation was Paul I, he really liked to arrange military reviews and divorces here. And he was followed by Alexander I and Nicholas I, during whose reign the main page in the history of the Petrovsky Palace and Petrovsky Park began.

It was this palace that determined the creation of both Petrovsky Park and the entire surrounding prestigious area, where a ceremonial uniformity corresponding to the imperial palace was required. Around the palace already at the end of the 18th century began to build country houses nobility - the princes Golitsyn, Volkonsky, Apraksin. Here, in 1827, in one of the houses that belonged to Sobolevsky, Pushkin was escorted to St. Petersburg. But the time of the famous dachas in Petrovsky Park was yet to come. In the meantime, in 1826, they were waiting here for the coronation of Tsar Nicholas I. After Napoleon, the palace was in disrepair, although the French emperor liked it, who even gave receptions in it and consulted with the milliner Madame Auber-Chalmet about the abolition of serfdom in Russia. The invaders set fire to the palace so that its dome collapsed, mutilated the surrounding area, but remembered it only before the coronation of the new sovereign. Having inspected the palace, Nicholas I ordered it to be restored and a magnificent regular park, Moscow Versailles for festivities and to ennoble the area around the palace, be arranged here - a decree was issued in 1827.

The construction of the huge Petrovsky Park of 94 hectares was entrusted to the English (according to other sources, Scottish) architect Adam Menelas and the gardener Fintelman. According to the plan, maple and linden alleys were supposed to diverge from the palace in three rays, and in the Maslovka area a park with bridges and a pond, with English paths, coffee houses, baths and a summer theater was supposed to diverge. That is why Petrovsky Park has become a favorite place for festivities of the Moscow aristocracy and intelligentsia, Pushkin, Lermontov, S.T. Aksakov and many others have been here. It was forbidden to have taverns and inns here, and the public simply walked in the Neskuchny Garden or Maryina Grove. Senator A.A. was instructed to manage the construction. Bashilov, head of the Moscow commission for buildings, whose name is now the local Bashilovskaya streets. It was he who turned Petrovsky Park into the most famous place: when they wrote or said the word “park” in Moscow, it was about Petrovsky Park. But the senator was remembered for his special brainchild - the famous "voxal" with which Bashilov crowned the creation of Petrovsky Park. This was the name of the garden and park “entertainment” that came from England: a wooden building with galleries for public recreation, where theater performances, dances, restaurants with dinners, concerts, balls, games, billiards, reading rooms and even fireworks were waiting for visitors for five rubles. Bashilov thought out his institution very well - in the Pushkin library his book “A Statement on the Construction of the Station in Petrovsky Park in Moscow” was preserved with a dedicatory inscription: “To His Excellency Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin from the establishment of Senator Bashilov’s station, 1836, Dec. 3 days". It is known that Pushkin composed an epigram on him. Voksal Bashilova, arranged in 1835 according to the project of the architect M.D. Bykovsky, who later brought the Ivanovo Monastery back to life, had his predecessors in the form of Grog's voxal in the Neskuchny Garden and Medox in the Taganskaya part, but by that time not a trace remained of them. So in the first half of the 19th century it was the only institution of its kind.

Life here was especially seething after a new decree of Emperor Nicholas I was issued in 1836 on the distribution of land from Tverskaya Zastava to Petrovsky Park for country dachas, with the requirement that the houses have a good architectural appearance and face the road. Facades had to be approved in advance by the Commission for Buildings, and the same M.D. Bykovsky developed standard projects for the country houses of Petrovsky Park, but in a wide variety of versions, from Gothic to Moorish style.

This was not new. The word "cottage" arose in the time of Peter I, when he ordered to allocate (“give”) land near Peterhof for development, which would ennoble the front palace area. The audience in Moscow was also supposed to be elite, which was able to carry out such a thing. However, here, too, "dacha" meant almost the same thing as under Peter I.

The houses in Petrovsky Park were built to "dacha soft loans", that is, to encourage gave state-owned five thousand rubles for rebuilding. The dachas in Petrovsky Park were the most fashionable in old Moscow, something like the modern Rublevo-Uspenskoye Highway. There was also a huge property of Bashilov himself, who later gave it to Tranquil Yar for a restaurant. Here were the dachas of the writer M. Zagoskin, the actor Mikhail Shchepkin, the dachas of the princes Shcherbatov, Trubetskoy, Apraksin, Baryatinsky, Golitsyn, Volkonsky, Obolensky, Tolstoy, Talyzin and - Naryshkin.

FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS

The local dacha owner Anna Dmitrievna Naryshkina founded the Church of the Annunciation here in the first half of the 19th century. Here, at the dacha in Petrovsky Park, her thirteen-year-old granddaughter Anna Bulgari died, and before that she buried her only daughter, Countess Maria Bulgari. The woman in grief made a vow to build a church on the site of the girl’s death and in 1842 submitted a corresponding petition to St. Philaret, Metropolitan of Moscow and Tsar Nicholas I. Anna Dmitrievna was the wife of a chamberlain and had land leased from the department of the Moscow Palace Office, and promised: to transfer her dacha at an appropriate distance from the new church, donate 200 thousand rubles for its construction, provide utensils, contribute another 10 thousand for the maintenance of priests and provide them with housing.

The place for the temple was very suitable for its potential parishioners. Even earlier, the caretaker of the Petrovsky Palace reported that local summer residents would like to have their own parish church here. After all, the closest were only the church in the village of All Saints and the church of St. Basil of Caesarea on the 1st Tverskaya Yamskaya, to which summer residents of the St. Petersburg highway were assigned. Both temples were located at a considerable distance from Petrovsky Park. And already in 1835, the owners of summer cottages asked to arrange for them a summer tent church - only for the summer season - in the backyard of the Petrovsky Palace. Then the emperor did not allow this to be done, and summer residents lived here temporarily and could not form a full-fledged parish. The new temple, arranged by Naryshkina, would eliminate all these difficulties, but it turned out to be a rather difficult path.

Firstly, this area near the palace was under the special control of the palace department. Under Nicholas I, the Petrovsky Palace became not only Putev, but also a suburban imperial residence, with the corresponding status. Any trifle had to be coordinated for a long time and often receive the permission of the emperor himself. Secondly, the question of the parish suddenly arose. The potential local parish, as it turned out, officially belonged to the Church of All Saints (on Sokol), and its rector objected to the construction of a new church in order to preserve his parish and keep the church in good condition. Naryshkina was refused by the Moscow Ecclesiastical Consistory, where she was also told that the funds allocated by her were not enough for the proper maintenance of the temple, and the lands of the Palace Office could be built up only with her permission. And then Naryshkina turned to the sovereign himself, who allowed the construction of the temple in the same 1843. It was prescribed to pray in it for the temple builder and her family.

Now for the temple it was necessary to appoint the clergy and, after the consecration, determine the parish. For the construction of the temple near the imperial palace, according to the decision of the Consistory, a particularly experienced architect was required. The first to be appointed was the famous Evgraf Tyurin, the architect of the Epiphany Cathedral in Yelokhovo and the Tatiana Church of Moscow University. His project involved the construction of a temple-copy of the Petrovsky Palace - a temple with two bell towers, galleries and a huge dome, which was not allowed by the emperor, since the church had nothing to do with the Petrovsky Palace, except for the location. And the architect of the Annunciation Church was Fyodor Richter, director of the Moscow Palace Architectural School, who participated in the construction of the Grand Kremlin Palace. It was he who restored the chambers of the Romanov boyars on Varvarka, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the III degree, and for the work “Monuments of Old Russian Architecture” he was awarded a diamond ring.

However, the emperor also rejected Richter's first project. The architect compiled it based on the ancient Moscow church of John the Baptist in Dyakovo near Kolomenskoye: a huge parabolic dome crowned the pillar-shaped bell tower. In the next project, which was approved in St. Petersburg, the dome was made tent-shaped, and the dome of the temple itself - a traditional Moscow onion. In addition, the temple became two-story: the Annunciation throne was consecrated on the second floor, where there was no heating - services were held there in the summer. In his altar there was a large icon "Prayer for the Chalice". And in the lower tier, chapels were arranged in the name of the Monks Xenophon and Mary with the children and Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess - on the name day of the temple builder. In addition to the project itself, Nicholas I even approved a version of the carved iconostasis, and after the august approval, the architect could not change a single detail in the course of work.

The temple was solemnly founded on the feast of the Annunciation in 1844. It was consecrated already in 1847, but only the upper temple. It was arranged magnificently, generously, with silver, gilding, enamel, velvet, and had no shortage of either utensils or liturgical books. In addition, for the maintenance of the temple, Naryshkina transferred 25 thousand rubles in banknotes to the treasury of the Moscow Board of Trustees. The clergy were appointed from the church of Sts. Joachim and Anna on Bolshaya Yakimanka. However, the beautiful temple, assigned to the Nikitsky Magpie of Moscow, was declared ... unparished.

The matter was as follows. After the consecration of the temple in the same 1847, Naryshkina turned to the Consistory with a request to determine the arrival of the newly built church from local summer residents living near it. The request was denied in order to avoid ruining the parish of the All Saints Church. The Church of the Annunciation could take under its shadow any believer who wished to enter it, but at the same time did not have its own permanent parish. Naryshkina, without losing her mental strength, persuaded the summer residents of Petrovsky Park to write a petition for permission to be listed in the parish of the newly built church - after all, they were very eminent people. More than thirty signatures stood on this petition, but it turned out that most of the signatories lived here temporarily, for the summer season, and for many of them, like Prince Obolensky, it was even more convenient to go to the Vasilyevsky Church on Tverskaya. As a result, the issue was resolved peacefully and in favor of the new temple. The parish was formed from summer residents who signed Naryshkina's petition and had previously been parishioners of the Church of All Saints. Here, in the Annunciation Church, servants of the noble summer residents of Petrovsky Park and soldiers from the barracks of Khodynka field were assigned. And those who lived on the Petersburg highway remained in the parish of the Vasilevsky Church.

The fate of the Church of the Annunciation was influenced by the proximity to the imperial palace. Very soon after the consecration, the first repairs were made in the church in connection with the fact that in 1856 they were waiting for the coronation of Tsar Alexander II, and a palace was being prepared for him. It is known that the Petrovsky Palace was the favorite place of residence of Alexander the Liberator. As usual, without guards, every morning he took walks with his dog along the alleys of Petrovsky Park. Under him, by the way, it was allowed to let everyone into the palace to see it, except for those days when the imperial family stayed here, and these excursions were free.

And after the next renovation of the temple at the beginning of the 20th century, unique wonderful bells appeared on its bell tower with images of the Holy Trinity, the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos, the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, St. Nicholas, the holy righteous Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess, the Monk Xenophon and Mary.

"RED LEAVES, GRAY EARTH"

Marina Tsvetaeva wrote so figuratively about Petrovsky Park. The era of capitalism, which began after the Great Reforms of Alexander the Liberator, changed both Petrovsky Park and the parish of the Annunciation Church. In the second half of the 19th century, Petrovsky Park remained a favorite place both for summer cottages and for entertainment, only now other summer residents and other entertainments have appeared here. The rich, merchants, industrialists and other new capitalist nobility began to build villas here - they brought their entertainment here in the form of restaurants with gypsy choirs and revels. The famous Yar restaurant was the first to settle near Petrovsky Park, which occupied the former property of Senator Bashilov back in 1836; Gogol especially liked to dine here. Among the merchants "Yar" enjoyed the greatest popularity, later the next most famous "Strelna" and "Mauritania" appeared, which got on the pages of Leskov and Leo Tolstoy.

However, Petrovsky Park itself was still intended for Sunday festivities, with carriage rides and tea parties. Even aeronauts sailed on balloons over the expanses of Petrovsky Park and jumped with parachutes, entertaining the people. In the pre-reform era, the “elegant public” still walked here - in the evenings, when there was less dust, they rode horses and carriages, showed outfits and decorations, up to the coachman’s clothes. However, the aristocrats have already begun to noticeably crowd out the simpler public - the philistines, peasants and, most importantly, merchants of all stripes.

So in the summer, rulers went to Petrovsky Park, in winter sledges with a conductor, and in 1899 the first electric tram set off here from Strastnaya Square, so many people wanted to walk in Petrovsky Park and live here in summer cottages. Shortly before the revolution, there was even a project to build a surface metro line here. In addition to festivities and restaurants, the Moscow public was still attracted by the theater and the long-lived voxal: the pianist Anton Rubenstein first performed in public here, Franz Liszt played music here, in 1863 A.F. Pisarev - he played the role of Anania's character in his own drama "Bitter Fate". And in 1887, the famous actress Maria Blumenthal-Tamarina made her debut here in a play based on the novel by Dumas Sr. Only in late XIX century, the completely dilapidated railway station was demolished, and the Palace Department willingly rented out the lands of the park for new dacha development. Pisemsky himself, I.S. Turgenev, and even the “forgiven” Decembrists who returned from exile in the late 1850s, who were forbidden to live in Moscow, now lived in the dachas here - among them was Ivan Pushchin, Pushkin’s friend.

The park itself was slowly falling into disrepair, trees were not planted, alleys were not maintained, there was no lighting, since the palace department did not pay due attention to it. However, the local population grew, and at its expense, the parish of the Annunciation Church greatly increased. In 1904, at the expense of parishioners, it was rebuilt with a significant expansion - now the temple could accommodate up to two thousand worshipers. At the same time, the revered ancient Bogolyubskaya icon of the Mother of God appeared here. The temple was painted again only by 1917, then its interior was finally formed. Alexander Dmitrievich Borozdin, the chief artist of the icon-painting workshop of His Imperial Majesty, worked on the painting, in whose house the old man Aristokles, recently canonized, often visited.

Borozdin performed the original ceiling of the "Annunciation" in the main church, and copied for one of the aisles a rare image of "Jesus Christ Preaching in a Boat", compiled by an unknown artist, and also reproduced V. Vasnetsov's composition "God the Son" - all this was destroyed. The life of Borodin, who was arrested on the third day after the start of the war in 1941, was tragically cut short on charges of anti-Soviet agitation for "strengthening religious influence among the working people." There is a legend that the false metropolitan A. Vvedensky himself, the head of the Renovationist schism, with whom Borozdin was also familiar, denounced him. A year later, Borozdin died in the Saratov prison - and his funeral was held in the Annunciation Church only in June 1998, when the church itself returned to believers.

And at that time, life around the renovated temple also changed a lot. The famous villa of Nikolai Ryabushinsky “The Black Swan”, built for the “naughty” magnate by architects G. Adamovich and V. Mayanov, has survived to this day: instead of a dog, a tame leopard sat in the booth, and peacocks and pheasants walked around the garden. Nearby, Shekhtel built a dacha for I.V. Morozov. There was also a country villa of the Swiss watchmaker William Gabu, the main competitor of Bure and Moser. He founded his watch company in Moscow in 1868 with a store on the prestigious Nikolskaya Street, which was very popular with Muscovites. The poet Velimir Khlebnikov and the composer Sergei Rachmaninov lived in Petrovsky Park, who, being a student at the conservatory, was recovering here at his father's house after a serious illness.

And on the current street on March 8, since 1903, there was the famous psychiatric clinic of Dr. F. Usoltsev, who arranged it in a home style for gifted patients: they were here as guests of the doctor's family. The most famous of them was M. Vrubel, who painted a portrait of Bryusov here. The artist V.E. Borisov-Musatov, who visited the wife of a close friend, and also painted a portrait from life here, according to legend, having borrowed colors from Vrubel. (In Soviet times, the Central Moscow Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital was formed on the basis of Usoltsev's clinic).

One of the first animal shelters was then opened in Petrovsky Park itself. Basically, old horses lived out their lives here, sick and crippled, and all those abandoned by the owners: here they were not only fed, but also looked after and provided medical assistance - a full-time veterinarian served in the shelter.

However, all this adversely affected the park - more and more it was cut down for construction. And the popularity of Petrovsky Park as a place for Sunday rest and walks began to decline by the beginning of the 20th century. Only in 1907 did the tsar forbid the palace department to distribute the lands of Petrovsky Park for dacha development, where they went to the Petersburg highway.

Near these places sounded one of the first ominous signals of the coming revolution. In 1869, the revolutionary Sergei Nechaev organized the brutal murder of Ivanov, a student at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy, for refusing to obey him implicitly. This high-profile murder took place in the park of the academy and, having thundered throughout Russia, hit the pages of Dostoevsky's novel "Demons", where Nechaev became the prototype of Peter Verkhovensky. This happened not in the Petrovsky park itself, but in the other, main wing of the ancient village of Petrovsky, which later became known as Petrovsky-Razumovsky.

The revolution opened a black page in the annals of both the Church of the Annunciation and Petrovsky Park.

It started pompously. Petrovsky Park was chosen for revolutionary sports: already in May 1918, the first athletics competition after the revolution was held here, as if on the eve of the construction of the Dynamo stadium in 1928 according to the project of A.Ya. Langman and L.Z. Cherikover. In 1937, the pavilion of the metro station of the same name, erected by the architect Ya.G. Lichtenberg. It is noteworthy that all the mentioned architects erected their structures in Moscow on the site of temples: Cherikover built a residential building on the site of the Zlatoust Monastery, Langman - the House of the Council of Labor and Defense (the building of the State Duma of the Russian Federation) on the site of the Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Church in Okhotny Ryad, and Lichtenberg helped A.N. . Dushkin to build the pavilion of the station "Palace of Soviets" ("Kropotkinskaya") on the site of the Church of the Holy Spirit. Petrovsky Palace in 1923 was transferred to the Air Force Engineering Academy. NOT. Zhukovsky and received a new revolutionary name - the "Palace of Red Aviation", as it is believed, personally invented by Trotsky. The dachas were, of course, liquidated, and the park itself was first put in relative order, but since there were almost no healthy and strong trees left in it, a large share of it was cut down and the liberated territory was allocated for the construction of the Dynamo stadium. The remaining part of the park that has survived to this day is a small square, compared to its former might.

Since the same 1918, Petrovsky Park has become one of the most tragic places in Soviet Moscow - here, on the remote outskirts, KGB executions took place, especially after Fanny Kaplan's assassination attempt on Lenin and the announcement of the Red Terror in September 1918. It was here that the New Martyr, Archpriest John Vostorgov, the last rector of the Cathedral of the Intercession on the Moat on Red Square, was among the first to be shot, canonized at the Jubilee Cathedral, as was Bishop Ephraim of Selingin, who died with him. The former Minister of Internal Affairs N.A. was also executed here. Maklakov, former chairman of the State Council of Russia I.G. Shcheglovitov, former Minister A.N. Khvostov and Senator I.I. Beletsky. Before the execution, they offered the last prayer to the Lord and came under the last blessing of the shepherds. Father John in his last word urged them to believe in the mercy of God and the coming revival of Russia.

And the Annunciation Church was supposedly closed in 1934 and followed "their" Petrovsky Palace - its building was also transferred to the Academy. Zhukovsky and arranged a warehouse in it, completely destroying the interior. His last rector, Archpriest Avenir Polozov, later served in the church at the Danilovsky cemetery, where he himself rested in 1936. The barbaric destruction of the Annunciation Church continued after the war - alien tiers were built on, the domes and the porch were broken, and the bell tower was used for ... an overhead crane.

The Soviet authorities had their own plans for this picturesque area, partly echoing its pre-revolutionary history. We are talking about the experimental "city of arts" on Maslovka, built in 1930-1950 for artists. It was supposed to build comfortable houses that would save talented residents from everyday problems, and the landscape of Petrovsky Park would inspire them to work. The main newcomer of the Soviet era in this area was the Institute of Aviation Medicine, which settled in the building of the former Mauritania restaurant. Here, domestic space biology and medicine were born, and they were engaged in preparing the first flights into space of dogs, and then of a man. S.P. also visited here. Korolev, and Yuri Gagarin.

A new page in the history of the Church of the Annunciation began in 1991, when the Air Force Academy vacated the building and it was returned to the Church: on September 29, the Divine Liturgy was held here for the first time. And then followed a long, painstaking restoration of the painting and chapters. Only in 1997, when the 150th anniversary of the temple was celebrated (from the date Naryshkina filed a petition), did Patriarch Alexy II consecrate the temple revived to life with a full bishop's rank. Its main shrine was the icon of the Lord Almighty, Ruler of the World, which, it is believed, has no analogues. It is much older than the Annunciation Church, and got into it by the Providence of God - young people brought three large dark boards to the temple, on which the Face of the Savior of the iconography of the 19th century was guessed, but under it an earlier, huge image of the shouldered Savior, belonging to the type of icons of northern writing, was opened middle of the 17th century. In the open Gospel, which the Savior is holding, it is inscribed: “Come, bless my Father, inherit the Kingdom of Heaven prepared for you before the foundation of the world, for you are hungry.” It is impossible not to quote the lines about this icon of one of our contemporaries: “The image is unworldly and high in heavenly heights. The astonished look of the Savior from Heaven is fixed on us sinners.

And on the feast of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos, August 28, 1997, another shrine appeared at the temple: the granddaughter of Fr. Avenira Polozova brought the family icon of the Iberian Mother of God to the temple. The rector bequeathed to donate it to the Church of the Annunciation when it is reopened for worship...