How to make a drill from a nail. How drills are made How drills are made, cutting a helical groove

Any tool eventually becomes unusable, breaks, crumbles, pricks, cracks and becomes dull. Some consequences of use cannot be eliminated, then you have to buy a new tool, and some are quite possible to restore and give the tool a second life. This fully applies to drills that tend to break or become dull.

Video master class on sharpening a drill

To get started, let's see how to properly sharpen a drill for metal. The video will demonstrate the main points that you need to know, and we will understand the intricacies together.

Drill sharpening tool

In everyday life, we do not use large drills, as a rule, the most popular sizes are small and medium - from 0.5 mm to 18 mm. We will sharpen them. Just to get started, we will collect everything you need for this. Ideally, sharpening a drill is best done on a sharpening machine. Every self-respecting owner is simply obliged to have a small emery in the garage. Even if it doesn't exist, don't worry. We'll get by with a grinder or a nozzle on an electric drill. Only first you need to firmly fix the power tool on the plane. The main thing is to get a rotating grinding wheel or an emery stone.

Safety precautions should not be forgotten either. God saves man, who save himself. If you don't already wear glasses, then protect yourself with them. Anything can happen. It is also very important to cool the drill in time when sharpening, because if this is not done, then the steel will lose strength. During sharpening, the drill becomes very hot, and for cooling it is necessary to periodically dip it in cold water or liquid oil. The liquid must be poured into a small container and placed within reach near the machine or a fixed power tool.

How to sharpen a twist drill

The fact that the drill has become dull, we will know immediately at the first revolution of the drill chuck. The drill overheats, creaks and completely refuses to cut even soft metal. The more the drill heats up, the faster it becomes dull, so at the first signs of loss of sharpness, sharpen it.

We sharpen by hand, since we don’t have special sharpening devices, although they greatly simplify the process and make it more accurate. There are several ways to sharpen a drill for metal. Let's consider two of them. For sharpening drills up to 3 mm, and more than 3 mm.

The easiest way to sharpen is when we sharpen the cutting edge in one plane. In this case, the back angle should be about 30˚. Using this method, the most important thing is to keep the cutting edge parallel to the surface of the circle. And the stability of the position of the drill relative to the emery wheel. Once you have touched the surface with a drill, you cannot move it horizontally or vertically. It won't work right the first time. But from the second - it will definitely come out. It is worth remembering that if you apply excessive force, and you remember that we sharpen a drill up to 3 mm thick, then the cutting edge may crumble.

The second method is more knowledge-intensive, but also not complicated. Specialists call it the conical sharpening method. Its essence is that during sharpening, the drill is pressed against the cutting edge and the surface of the rear part, while you need to slightly shake the drill so that a conical surface forms on the rear feather part.

It is necessary to try not to tear the drill away from the stone during sharpening, and move the drill very slowly and without jerking. After that, we create the same cone on the remaining pen.

Sharpening a Pobedite Drill

The same thing happens with victorious drills as with ordinary ones. They can become dull, but much later.

do-it-yourself drill for metal

The only limitation on working with a Pobedite drill is that we will not be able to sharpen it on a conventional grinding abrasive wheel at a normal wheel rotation speed. The fact is that the higher the sharpening speed, the softer the material of the drill. The Pobedite drill is very hard, and at normal speeds of the emery stone, the drill can easily be overheated. Two options - either reduce speed, or use a diamond grinding wheel.

There are a few ground rules, and the rest comes with experience:

The Pobedite drill is sharpened by short-term touches to the circle.
Make sure that when sharpening, do not bring down the center of the axis of rotation of the drill.
The sharpening angle should not be less than 160-170˚.
Do not cool the drill immediately, once after sharpening, otherwise it may crack.
Do not overheat the Pobedite drill.

If you follow these simple tips, the winning drill will get new life. Not the first time, but the second time, for sure.

How to sharpen a step drill

The step drill is the black sheep in the drill family. It allows you to drill a hole very accurately. different diameters. And with very precise centering. There are different models of step drills, but the principle is the same - with one drill you can make a hole from 4 to 32 mm. They are very easy to sharpen. To restore the cutting edge, it is enough just to straighten it with a rotating wheel with sandpaper.

So you can extend the life of the drills, and at the same time learn how to sharpen them. Working with a blunt tool is not solid for a good craftsman.

To make holes in the thickness of the material, cutting tools such as drills are used. The VolgaTools company is engaged in the manufacture of drills and their sale. Our products are made from high quality materials and are consistently popular with customers who are satisfied with our prices for drills.

Types of drills

Products can be divided into drills for concrete, metal, wood, glass and tiles. Depending on what kind of work they are intended for and prices for drills are formed. According to the design of the drill, they are a rod with a shank for fastening, a working part, a cutting part and grooves for chip removal. The drilling process occurs due to rotation, feed along the longitudinal axis of the tool. In this case, the drill cuts into the material, and the chips come out.

The following main types of drills are used in industry: spiral, feather, annular, centering, special.

For hand tools, power tools and for drilling holes on stationary machines, twist drills with a cylindrical shank are in great demand.

To work on metal, drills are made in a screw shape, with a pointed end.

How drills are made, cutting a helical groove

Usually the taper angle is 120 degrees.

Twist drills

Twist drills have two cutting edges. They are formed by the intersection of the helical surfaces of the grooves with the back ones, which face the cutting surface. The drill also has a transverse cutting edge, which is formed by the intersection of the back surfaces, and the front surfaces form two auxiliary cutting edges. Chips move along the flutes of the drill.

Flat drills

Spade drills, or they are also called flat drills, are simple in design and their price is not high. They are made both single-sided and double-sided according to the shape of the sharpening of the cutting edge. They have a flat cutting part and two cutting edges, which are located symmetrically to the central axis. Feather drills have disadvantages. They do not have flutes for chip removal during drilling, and this leads to damage to the cutting edges, and during operation it is often necessary to remove the drill to free itself from debris and spade drills lose direction during operation. They are used in the processing of hard forgings.

Our drill technologies

Drill manufacturing by VolgaTools is carried out on modern equipment using high-quality materials.

Twist drills can be manufactured with cylindrical, hex and tapered shank. Drills with a cylindrical shank are produced with a diameter of up to 20mm. Drills are manufactured in accordance with accepted standards. The main size of the drill is its diameter. The size of the working part depends on the diameter of the drill. If it has a cylindrical shank, then 50mm is added to the diameter, with a tapered end 2D + 120mm. To work on metal using manual or electric, as well as pneumatic tools, drills are made from high-speed steels (P6M5, P18, etc.).

We care about the rapid promotion of our products and the interests of consumers, and therefore the price for which you can purchase drills is minimal. Depending on which order you place for a large or small lot, the price of the order depends.

I will show you how to make a simple nail drill that can be used to drill steel, wood, plastic, etc. Yes, you read it right, this drill will be able to drill thick steel of the order of 5 mm. Ingenuity is a good thing, it will always help out in a difficult life situation. So, to increase the level of self-development, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with this method. Perhaps useful in life.

Making a drill for metal from a nail

We take a nail and grind off its point on sandpaper. You don't need to do this completely, just about half.

Use a hammer to flatten the end under a flat screwdriver.

Next, on the emery, we make cutting edges like a drill.

This is how it should turn out.

In principle, the drill is ready, but it can only drill wood, plastic or other soft metals.

Drill hardening - carburizing

To turn a drill into a drill for metal, it must be hardened. To do this, we need a DC welding machine and a metal jar with crushed graphite. Graphite can be obtained from old brushes by grinding them with a file.

If there is no jar, you can use a piece of flat steel. We connect the positive electrode to the jar, and the negative one to the nail.
Turn on the welding machine.

We lower the cutting edge into graphite. As soon as the masa begins to blush, we raise the nail. The main thing here is not to burn everything that has been carved. It is not necessary to overheat, we drive with a nail, achieving a small spark. The whole procedure lasts 1-2 minutes.

This method is called cementation. That is, the cutting edge is saturated with carbon, which in turn will add strength.

Next, we clamp it in a vice and saw off the hat.

A metal drill made from a nail is ready!

Metal testing

Let's move on to testing. We clamp the drill in the chuck of a vertical drilling machine.

And we drill a steel corner as with a conventional drill, periodically spraying with grease.

Hole drilled.

Let's give it a second try.

The outlet hole is drilled no worse than with a conventional drill.

Now the task is more difficult - to check the stainless steel. It is known that it is simply not possible to do this.

We also drill with lubrication.

From a simple nail, you can make a good drill that can drill through both wood and steel. Such manifestations of ingenuity may well come in handy in Everyday life. And therefore, carefully study the information presented, it is very useful for self-development.

Manufacturing process

We take an ordinary nail, determine the length yourself, it all depends on what hole diameter you need. On an emery machine, we grind off the tip, but not completely, leaving about half.

Then, we again need an emery machine. We sharpen the edges of the resulting workpiece, but this must be done from different sides. That is, sharpening is done on one side only from the right edge.

If you need a drill only for wood, then it is ready. It remains to saw off or bite off the nail head with metal scissors and you can start drilling holes in boards, plastic or some soft metals. But in order to use a homemade drill in work on making holes in harder metals, it is necessary to go through the hardening process.

Drill Hardening Process (Carburizing)

In order to be able to work homemade drill hard metal, it must go through a hardening process. To achieve this goal, we need a welding machine and some crushed graphite. Graphite is placed in a small metal jar. We connect a negative wire to the nail, and a positive wire to the bank, respectively.

Next, start the welding machine. We begin to immerse the cutting edge of the nail in a jar of graphite. When glowing and reddening of the graphite mass, we take out the workpiece. Overheating, in this situation, is highly undesirable, otherwise the entire sharpened part of the nail will simply burn out. You just need to drive the sharpened part along the mass, creating a slight spark. The whole process should take no more than 2 minutes.

This whole procedure is designed to saturate our drill with carbon, which greatly increases its strength. In another way, this is called the cementation process.

The density of the metal is so high that it is necessary to use special tools and mechanisms to process it. In order to make a hole in this material, drills and drilling machines, in which the main cutting element are drills.

What are the best drill bits for metal? It is not easy to determine, because there are no universal products that would be suitable for processing all types of metal products. An experienced craftsman will be able to "by eye" determine the type of metal and quickly select the appropriate cutting tool for processing.

A beginner in this business needs to start from the basics. First, study the classification of drills and their scope, because best models- These are products that are ideal for processing a particular type of metal.

What are the drills, how to mark and appearance to choose a product suitable for work, find out in the article.

Types of drills for metal

To choose the best models, you need to understand the types of drills.

Spiral

Classic, cylindrical drill bits most commonly used for drilling in metals. Usually spiral products are made of HSS steel.

The material is a high-quality cutting type of steel, so the gimlets made from it are distinguished by high strength and durability.

Conical (stepped)

The cutting surface has the shape of a cone, for which this species drilled and got its name. Conical gimlets are used to make holes in thin metal, as well as to correct defects from other cutting tools.

What are the best step drills to choose? Depends on the type of metal being processed. If the density of the workpiece is too high, then it is better to purchase more expensive, golden-colored products.

In everyday life, this type of drill is rarely used. If it is necessary to frequently drill into thin metal sheets or machine soft materials, despite the relatively high cost, it should be purchased for the home workshop.

Crown (annular cutters)

The cutting tool is a cylinder with a cutting edge, which cuts the metal.

The energy consumption for making a hole in this way is several times lower, due to the small area of contact between the tool and the surface being machined.

The advantage of using this type of drill over others is the production of large diameter holes. At the same time, it is possible to obtain better edges than when working with spiral models.

Feather

A special kind of flat gimlet with interchangeable working edges is used for drilling metal. Such products allow you to make high-quality, perfectly even holes.

No distortion in the drilling process and the ability to make a hole of large diameter in various metal structures, allows many craftsmen to abandon the use of spiral products.

The low cost of spade drills in many cases of metal processing makes them the best for drilling holes.

These are the main types of drills used to make holes in metal structures.

Classification of drills according to the material of manufacture

Which drills for metal are the best for drilling particularly strong alloys, the answer is quite simple:

For processing such material, one should choose products in which a plate of increased hardness is located on the cutting edge. These gimlets are the best for cutting hard alloys.
The price of such products is low due to the fact that the main body of the cutting tool is made of ordinary tool steel.

Drills made of metal alloyed with cobalt have good characteristics.

They perfectly tolerate increased mechanical loads and excessive heating of the working surface during operation. The cost of products is high, but if it is necessary to make holes in carbide, then cobalt analogues are the best for doing this job.

Titanium drills are not inferior in strength to cobalt ones, and when drilling alloyed steels and non-ferrous alloys, they show even better results.

With proper use, titanium models retain factory sharpening for a long time, which will allow you to perform a much larger amount of work.

Inexpensive drills for metal are made from ordinary high-speed steel P9 and P18. The cutting tool does an excellent job of its function, but the working surface quickly becomes dull, especially when a certain temperature threshold is exceeded.

Marking of cutting products

Marking drills for metal is necessary to determine the type of steel from which the cutting tool is made. The product also indicates its diameter, accuracy class and manufacturer (country). Only spiral gimlets with a diameter of less than 2 mm are not marked.

In other cases, the marking of drills can have the following meanings:

P9 - made of high speed steel with a percentage of tungsten 9%.
Р9К15 - indicates the presence of cobalt in the amount of 15% in high-speed steel.
R6M5K5 - indicates the presence of a complex composition of cutting steel containing tungsten, cobalt and molybdenum.

Imported products have the HSS designation, which can be used to determine the composition of the material from which the drill was made. The HSS drill - the decoding of which will be given below, is used with an additional letter, by which the presence of an alloying metal is determined.

HSS-E - contains cobalt. It is used in the processing of high viscosity metals.
HSS-Tin - has a titanium coating, which significantly increases the hardness of the working surface, and the temperature resistance of the material increases to +600 degrees.
HSS-E VAP - cutting tool is used for processing stainless materials.
HSS-4241 - designed for drilling aluminum.
HSS-R - have maximum strength.

By marking the cutting tool, you can determine for which metal and in what mode the drill can be used. If the marking is not visible, then the purpose of the drill can be determined by the color of the product.

Visual identification of drill type

By the appearance of the cutting gimlet, you can determine the type of material from which the products are made and thereby find out the mechanical strength of the sample. By color, you can determine the composition and quality of workmanship.

Grey

Drill gray color are made of metal that has not been subjected to any additional processing.

The quality of the tool, in this case, leaves much to be desired, but for a one-time use, such products will fit perfectly.

Black

This color indicates that the tool has been treated with superheated steam. In the process of processing, the product acquires greater strength.

It perfectly tolerates numerous cycles of heating and cooling of the metal, and also keeps the sharpening of the working surface for a long time.

The price of black drills for metal is not much higher than gray products, so if you have a choice, you should give preference to tools of this type when buying.

Dark golden

This color indicates that the cutting tool has been tempered. This type of processing significantly increases the mechanical strength of the product by reducing internal stresses.

A tempered drill can successfully process metals of increased strength, so if you have to drill too hard alloys, it is recommended to purchase a similar model.

Bright golden

The bright golden color indicates that the metal made with the addition of titanium was used in the production.

Despite the high cost of such models, it is much more practical to purchase a quality drill than to use cheap cutting tools that will need to be used in large quantities for complex jobs.

Thus, it is easy to determine the quality of products by appearance and decide which metal drills are better to buy.

Size classification

To choose the best drill and at the same time not overpay, it is enough to know what length sizes it is customary to divide these products into. If deep holes are not required when drilling metal, then purchasing models that are too long will lead to cost overruns.

Drills are classified according to length as follows:

Short, 20-131 mm long. Tool diameters are in the range of 0.3-20 mm.
Elongated, the length is 19-205 mm, and the diameter is 0.3-20 mm.
Long series with a diameter of 1-20 mm and a length of 56-254 mm.

When performing drilling work of various depths, you should select the tool that is most suitable for the specific task.

Top Producers

To purchase drills and be sure that the declared characteristics are fully true, you must choose the right manufacturer.

Firms that value their reputation do not sell products of inadequate quality. Therefore, when choosing drills for metal, preference should be given to manufacturers who have been on the market for a long time.

Among the newcomers, there may also be worthy manufacturers. But in order to find out that a good quality product is on sale, you need to make a purchase, which is often a “lottery”.

1. Bosch - products of a German company have long established themselves only with positive side. Despite the rather high price of products, when purchasing Bosch drills, there is no doubt about the excellent quality. It is convenient and profitable to purchase the tools of this company in the kit.

What set of drills not to take, in any will be only highest quality products that will last for many years, provided proper storage and use.

2. "Zubr" is a domestic manufacturer, whose products in terms of price-quality ratio are optimized as much as possible. You can buy the products of this company both in a single copy and in the form of a set. The last option will save you a lot. cash, despite the significant cost of the kit.

3. Soviet-made drills - this category of cutting tools can be classified as an "endangered species". With due diligence, you can purchase a rarity, which is distinguished by unsurpassed technical characteristics.

Conclusion

Which metal drills are better to buy depends on many circumstances:

If you need to drill several holes in very thin and soft metal, then it is enough to purchase a cheap drill that will do the job.
For professional use, it is absolutely not profitable to purchase cheap drills. Poor quality products can lead to marriage and to significant time costs for frequent replacement of low-quality cutting tools.

In general, drills are made in tool industries intended for the manufacture of tools. There are several ways to make drills. In the general case, two blanks are cut from bars of high-speed steel and plain steel. Then they are butt welded. Carry out the centering of the ends. Next, you can use lathe, where grooves are machined with an allowance for grinding. Then they put a brand and harden in a thermal furnace. Then the grooves are ground and sharpened on optical grinding machines. But if small diameter drills are needed, blanks made entirely of high speed steel can be used. Because other operations are already becoming more labor intensive.

Other drilling options are also possible. For example, grooves can be milled and ground prior to heat treatment. Or a variant is possible when the workpiece from the bar is flattened and then rolled into a spiral, after which the surface of the drill is processed. But this method is not often used. Because it's not accurate enough.