Winter-hardy species and varieties of derain. Planting material. Deciduous trees and shrubs. Deren Deren blood red

Derain is a plant of the dogwood family, native to Europe, which naturally lives in the temperate zone. Most often found on forest edges, in thickets of shrubs, on slopes near rivers and lakes. In nature, its height reaches 4 meters. The flexible shoots of a young plant are green, then turn reddish. The shoots look most striking in late autumn, after the leaves fall, and until spring, until new young leaves bloom.

The leaves of the derain are red, ovoid, covered with multiple hairs, green in spring and summer. The shrub blooms with creamy white inflorescences at the end of May, for two to three weeks. For the first time begins to bloom from the age of 7 years. Sometimes, under favorable weather conditions, it blooms again in August. In autumn, inedible black fruits 5-7 mm in diameter appear on the shrub, and the leaves of the deren acquire a bright blood-red color. Thanks to the color of the shoots and leaves, the shrub got its name.

Derain blood-red has a high winter hardiness, it is drought and heat resistant, grows well in shading. The composition of the soil is unpretentious, prefers moderately moist loose clay soils. The root system has many small roots, thanks to which the turf is successfully used to strengthen the slopes.

Derain red: landing

Accommodation

In order for the crown of the bush to be dense, bright, the deren is planted in a sunny place. Sod grows well in partial shade, shade, only the shoots are drawn out, the foliage is sparse. From an aesthetic point of view, the place is chosen so that beautiful red shoots look contrastingly against a plain background. The shrub looks good against the background of a beta brick wall, green arborvitae, pine or spruce. When planting, it is also worth considering that the shoots are most brightly colored on the sunny side.

Deren with red stems grows quite quickly, and if in the first couple of years the growth is still insignificant, then it will quickly form into a large lush shrub, so when planting, it is worth considering the size of the future shrub.

The soil

Derain red grows well on almost any soil, tolerant of adverse weather conditions. Despite this, when planting, it is desirable to provide it with nutrients for better rooting and rapid growth. Organic fertilizers in the form of humus or compost are added to the planting pit. If the place for the plant is too wet, additional drainage is done so that the water at the roots of the plant does not stagnate.

Landing

A seedling is chosen young, up to 4 years old, such a seedling will take root faster and begin to develop. If the roots of the acquired plant are dried up, the turf is placed in water for several hours so that they are straightened and saturated with moisture. Shrub shoots are cut at a height of 10-15 cm so that they do not pull on themselves during rooting.

Red sod is planted in early spring or late autumn, before the onset of frost. Autumn planting is simplified by the fact that when the heat comes, the seedling immediately begins to grow and it takes less time to adapt. In addition, in autumn there is usually more moisture in the soil, and it is enough to water the seedling once, during planting. In the spring, the plant is transplanted with a large clod of earth so as not to disturb the root system. The planted shrub is regularly watered for the first time, preventing the soil from drying out, the soil under it is mulched.

Derain red: care

Watering

In hot, dry summers, red deren bushes are watered once a week. Well, if the shrub is planted near other plants that are regularly watered, then individual watering is not required. In drought, the leaves of plants may lose their turgor a little, but when watered, they will straighten out again and quickly acquire their original appearance.

Fertilizer

Derain red does not need special feeding, and, nevertheless, he is very responsive to them. Fertilized with complex mineral fertilizers and watered, the bush grows more juicy, bright shoots, its foliage is dense, bright, the bush is dense. Such a bush blooms profusely and forms many berries that look beautiful against the background of red foliage in autumn.

pruning

The main care for deren is to trim it. The fact is that the old shoots of derain eventually lose their beautiful bright color of the stems. In addition, without regular pruning, the sod grows strongly in width, its branches fall to the ground, and root growth clogs everything around. As a result, the shrub looks untidy and no longer decorates the site.

The first pruning is carried out at the age of 3-4 years. In spring, old shoots of deren are cut out at a height of 15-20 cm. In autumn, only poorly developed shoots are cut, which spoil the decorative appearance of the shrub in winter, or old shoots that for some reason were not cut in spring.

Diseases and pests

Derain red practically does not get sick. Perhaps the poor development of the bush due to too wetlands. In this case, drainage is organized for the turf: a hole is dug along the planting of the turf and filled with rubble, stones, etc.

Periodically check the sod for the presence of pests. Most often, aphids appear on it, which suck the juice from the plant. Sometimes a yellow-orange fly, or rather its larvae, is found on the deren. Another common pest of red turf is the sawfly, which feeds on shrub leaves. If pests are found, the bush is treated with insecticides - insecticides. Since the appearance of pests on red derain is a rarity, preventive treatments are not carried out.

Derain red: reproduction

For shrub propagation, you can choose a fast or slow method. The slow ones include growing from seeds, the fast ones include all methods of vegetative propagation: layering, cuttings and dividing the bush.

Growing turf from seed

Red derain seeds remain viable for 5 years. Before ascending, they must go through a period of stratification, so it is better to plant them in the fall. If, nevertheless, a decision is made to plant in the spring, then the seeds are placed under the snow for 2 months before planting, or in the refrigerator.

The bed is dug up and furrows are formed, seeds are sown in the furrows at the rate of 5 to 15 grams per 1 m². Planting depth - 5 cm. The grooves are buried, the soil is compacted. Shelter for the winter is not required. In spring, seedlings will appear, which at first need watering. An adult full-fledged bush with this method of reproduction will grow only after 7-8 years.

Reproduction by layering

Derain is a spreading plant, and its side shoots sometimes bend quite close to the ground, but they do not grow on their own. The side shoot is pressed to the ground, and fixed in this position with a metal bracket. The place where the layering touches the ground is sprinkled with humus or simply earth. By autumn, roots will grow in the buried area of ​​​​the shoot. It is possible to plant a young plant from the mother plant in the spring of next year, and preferably in the fall, when it will be easier for the seedling to take root in a new place. With this method of reproduction in the first wintering, when the seedling is still attached to an adult bush, shelter for the winter is not required. We can say that this is the easiest way to reproduce, as it requires a minimum of effort.

Reproduction by cuttings

All types of deren are perfectly propagated by cuttings. The cuttings are cut with a sharp knife or secateurs in June; green shoots that are slightly starting to become stiff are suitable for this. The soil is a mixture of peat and sand. The cuttings are planted in a greenhouse or greenhouse, the soil is well moistened before planting. Extra leaves and the crown are removed from the cuttings, and they are stuck into the soil at an angle of 45 °, deepening by 5-7 cm. During rooting, the cuttings are regularly watered, the air is moistened with sprayed water, and the planting site is shaded from hot sunlight. The optimum temperature for rooting is + 23-25 ​​° С. By autumn, the cuttings form a root system, and they are planted in open ground. The first year in the open field seedlings cover.

Reproduction by dividing the bush

When an adult bush has grown strongly enough, it can be divided into parts, thus forming several new smaller bushes instead of one large one. To do this, the bush is completely dug up, shaken off the ground, then its root system is divided with a sharp knife so that each aerial part has a fairly developed rhizome. Cut sites are treated with fungicides or wood ash, and young plants are planted in their new habitat.

The procedure is carried out in spring or autumn; during spring planting, special attention is paid to watering newly formed bushes. From such divisions, a new full-fledged bush will grow most quickly, but this is a rather laborious method of reproduction, since it is quite difficult to dig out a large overgrown bush.

Decorative form: red compress derain

An interesting representative of the species is the blood-red compress. Unlike ordinary deren, the compress does not bloom, and therefore does not produce berries. Castings of this shrub are small, up to 4 cm, dark green, glossy, wrinkled. The tips of the leaves are bent, directed towards the stem. In autumn, the leaves acquire a beautiful purple-red color and do not crumble for a long time. The stems are erect, the bush holds its shape well. The size of the shrub rarely reaches more than 1.5 meters in height. Deren grows with red stalks of the compress rather slowly, about 7 cm per year, so they do not cut it under the root, they only shape the crown. This species can be grown as a single stem and results in a red-stemmed turf that looks like a small tree.

Derain red: photo

The red derain shrub looks great both in single and in group plantings, will be a wonderful decoration for an alpine hill. With the help of derain, a hedge is formed by planting plants in a row and shaping with an annual haircut. Baskets are woven from the branches of the turf, since the wood of the turf is strong, the stems are flexible. Derain with red leaves will be an excellent garden decoration in autumn, and when the leaves fall, the shrub will continue to delight with bright colors in black and white winter.

Landing on lighted and damp places. Derain blood-red makes penumbra.

Any soil except very acidic and poor sandy, does not tolerate salinity. It develops better on fertile and moist, although it is drought-resistant.

Deren is propagated vegetatively (cuttings), root layers and seeds. Derain can be propagated by root and lignified cuttings (in spring), but it is better propagated by green cuttings (cutting is carried out in the first half of June).

Cornus alba L.= Swiden alba

One of the most common species in culture. In nature, it is found in floodplains, among shrubs almost throughout Russia, as well as in China, Korea, and Japan. Grows in the undergrowth of dark coniferous, often swampy forests, shade-tolerant hygromesophyte, mesotroph.

Shrub up to 3 m tall, with thin flexible, mostly coral-red branches, rarely red-brown or black-red. Young shoots are usually with a bluish bloom. The leaves are dark green, bluish-white below, broadly ovate, somewhat wrinkled, up to 10-12 cm long, turning purple-red in autumn. The flowers are small, white, collected in numerous corymbose inflorescences up to 5 cm in diameter. It blooms very profusely in the first half of summer and again in early autumn, when, simultaneously with flowers, you can also see ripe, spherical, berry-shaped fruits of white color with a bluish tint. It begins to bloom and bear fruit at 2-3 years of age.

Cornus alba "Ivory Halo"
Photo by Andrey Ganov

In GBS since 1938, 5 samples from Khabarovsk, Bryansk, Copenhagen, reproductions of GBS. Shrub, at 20 years old, height up to 2.6 m, crown diameter 300 cm. Plant grows from 1.V ± 6 to 12.X ± 4 for 163 days. Flowering and fruiting from 3 years. Blossoms from 4.VI ± 3 to 16.VI ± 4 within 12 days. The fruits ripen on July 28 ± 8. Weight of 100 fruits is 26 g. Weight of 1000 seeds is 26 g. Winter hardiness is complete, seedlings do not need shelter. Seed viability 100%. Produces plants from garden reproduction seeds. Seeds sown in spring (IV) after 2 months of stratification germinate within a month. Rooted 100% cuttings when treated with a 0.002% solution of succinic acid. Seed germination lasts 2-3 years.

It is very winter-hardy, heat-resistant, grows on various soils, shade-tolerant, tolerates city conditions well. Propagated by seeds, layering and cuttings. Used to create undergrowth, edges, large groups and hedges. Can be grown in standard form. If the bush form is not cut, the shrub is exposed below and does not look neat. Therefore, low pruning of old bushes in early spring makes the bush more lush. Young growth appears quickly.

It deserves the widest distribution in the green building of the middle and northern zones of Russia, not only for its frost resistance and unpretentiousness, but also for the sake of high decorativeness. Beautiful foliage in summer has a whitish-gray color; autumn red and dark purple; summer foliage goes well with red shoots, especially decorative in winter against the backdrop of snow and dark conifers. It looks good in single and group plantings, as a polleska under the canopy of trees with an openwork crown. Exceptionally effective as an edge and in the undergrowth of birch groups. In culture since 1741.

Decorative forms: silver bordered(f. aigenteo-marginata) - leaves with a creamy-white border, carmine-red in autumn. The bark is red, height 2-3 m; Kern(f.Kemii) - leaves with yellow spots; Siberian(var. sibirica) - undersized form with bright red shoots, light green, and brown-red leaves in autumn; Kesselring(var. Kesselringii) - shoots are black-red, or purple-black.

"Argenteo Marginata". In GBS since 1938, 6 samples (29 copies), almost all vegetative reproductions of GBS. Shrub, 40 years old, height 4.6 m, crown diameter 300 cm. Vegetates from late April to the second half of October. Blooms from the first decades of June to September Fruits every year, the fruits ripen from the first decade of August until frost Full winter hardiness Ornamental variegation, quite often used in Moscow landscaping.

Cornus alba f. Spaethii (autumn color)
Photo by Nadezhda Dmitrieva

"Elegantissima"(" Argenteo-marginata "). Shrub height up to 3 m. Very winter-hardy. Showy red shoots, especially bright in winter. The leaves have a wide creamy-white border of uneven width, as well as spots and stripes. The variety is similar to" Sibirica Variegata "by the size of the bush and the color of the shoots, but there is more white on its leaves, and therefore it looks lighter, it also has an autumn color. It grows quickly.

"Gauchaultii". The leaves of this shrub (1.5 m high) have white, yellow and pink spots. Very often this form is confused with the "Spaethii" form. Unlike the leaves of "Spaethii", this shrub is medium in size, slightly drooping, with pink shade.

"Sibirica". In GBS since 1949, 1 sample (16 copies). Shrub, at 17 years old, height 3.5 m, crown diameter 440 cm. Vegetates from the second decade of April to the second decade of October. It blooms and bears fruit annually. It blooms from the end May to early September Fruits ripen from late July until frost Full winter hardiness.

"Sibirica "Aurea". Shrub 1.5-2.0 m high, with leaves of a pleasant pale yellow color, which grow on erect reddish shoots. The flowers are creamy white, sometimes it blooms a second time in autumn, and then both flowers and bluish-white fruits hang on the bush at the same time.

"Sibirica Variegata". This shrub of medium (up to 2 m tall) size has leaves with a wide creamy white border, spots and stripes. In autumn it also acquires very interesting shades. At this time, the white border surrounds the purple rather than green middle of the leaf. In winter, shoots of a bright , deep coral red bark, very similar to 'Elegantissima' but not as vigorous and therefore well suited to small gardens.

"Spaethii"Shrub up to 2.5 m tall. The autumn purple-purple color of the leaves is interesting, with which the brushes of white fruits effectively contrast. In winter, the stems are rich red. Leaves 5-7 cm long, unevenly bordered around the perimeter with a wide golden stripe, with spots and stripes.This color lasts throughout the growing season.In the spring, when blooming, the leaves have a beautiful reddish-orange tint.In GBS since 1964, 2 samples (6 copies), seedlings were obtained from Winchester (England), there are plants of GBS vegetative reproduction Shrub, at 8 years old, height 2.3 m, crown diameter 200 cm Vegetates from late April to early October. Blossoms from early June. Fruits do not set. Partially freezes in winter. 100% of summer cuttings take root.

There is also a variety "Aurea Elegantissima" - a yellow-motley form.

Cornus, Derain, svidina, cornus. Deciduous shrubs with entire leaves and small flowers collected in inflorescences.

Etymology

The name comes from the Latin cornus- "horn". The name is given because of the particularly durable wood of the plant.

Types and varieties of derain

There are 50 species in the genus, distributed mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In ornamental gardening, 4 types are widespread: offspring turf (Cornus stolonifera), white turf (Cornus alba), red turf (Сornus sanguinea), red turf (Сornus sanguinea).

White deren, or Tatar derain, white svidina, or Siberian svidina, white cornus (Cornus alba, Swida alba)

Homeland - the European part of Russia, Siberia, Transbaikalia and the Far East.

Deciduous shrub up to 3 m tall. The crown is hemispherical or irregular in shape. Shoots erect or slightly sloping. The color of the bark is bright, red, brown or yellow. The branches are thin, flexible, young shoots - various shades of red. The leaves are dark green, wrinkled, up to 10 cm long. Autumn color is decorative: from lemon yellow to purple-red. The flowers are small, white, individually inconspicuous, collected in corymbose inflorescences. Blooms in early summer and again in early autumn. Fruiting in August-September. Fruits - drupes - spherical shape of white or bluish-white color up to 10 mm in diameter. Inedible.

USDA zone2 (3). Kind of winter-hardy.

Numerous varieties are used in ornamental horticulture in compositions and hedges.

Popular varieties of white derain:

‘Aurea’- the variety is distinguished by yellow coloring of foliage;

‘Aigenteomarginata’ (‘Elegantissima’, ‘Variegata') - bush up to 3 m tall, reddish branches, bluish leaves with a white border, in autumn their color is from orange to burgundy, the variety tolerates heavy pruning and shearing;

‘Baihalo' - a bush with a rounded crown, up to 1.5 m tall, dark red branches, leaves with a white border;

'Cream Cracker'- the variety is distinguished by the golden edging of young leaves and the cream of older ones;

‘Kesselringii’- characterized by dark brown shoots

‘Sibirica’- the variety is distinguished by the coral-red color of the shoots;

‘Sibirica Variegata' - a bush with a dense crown, the leaves are large, flat with a wide white border;

‘Spaethii' - a bush with a dense crown up to 2 m tall, the leaves are bluish, with a wide yellow border, some are completely yellow.

Derain white Gouchaultii

Offspring derain, or shoot-bearing derain, silky deren, offspring svidina (Cornus stolonifera)

The North American species, close to the white turf, is distinguished by the ability to produce a large number of root offspring.

Deciduous shrub. Shoots are shiny, red. They can lean and easily take root next to the bush. The leaves are large oval, up to 10 cm long, bright green in color. The flowers are small, yellowish or greenish-white, collected in a corymbose inflorescence up to 8 cm long. Flowering in May - June. Fruiting in August-September. Fruits - drupe - white spherical shape up to 10 mm in diameter. Inedible.

Popular varieties of offspring derain:

‘Flaviramea’- the variety is distinguished by green shoots;

'Kelsey'- differs by the prostrate shape of the crown, yellowish branches with red tops;

'Winter Flame'- differs in bright yellow color of escapes;

‘WhiteGold' - a shrub up to 3.5 m high with decumbent and rooting yellow branches, leaves with a wide white border, with strokes along the edge, yellowish-white flowers;

'Budd's Yellow'- different olive color shoots.

Deren red, or blood-red svidina, blood-red cornus (Сornus sanguinea)

Derain red grows in the undergrowth of light deciduous and mixed forests in the European part of Russia.

Deciduous shrub up to 4 m tall, with a strongly branched crown and drooping shoots of various colors (green, purple-red and yellowish). The leaves are bright green, light green or whitish below from dense pubescence, blood red in autumn. Inflorescences up to 7 cm in diameter, fluffy of 50-70 white flowers. Appear in May-June. The fruits are blue-black in color, ripen in August. Inedible.

Popular varieties of red derain:

‘Variegata' - greenish-brown branches, reddening in the sun, pubescent leaves with a yellow and white border, purple in autumn;

'Midwinter Fier'- different red-orange shoots;

'Compressa'- differs in small curved "crumpled" wrinkled leaves on vertical shoots.

USDA Zone 2 (3). Kind of winter-hardy.

Male dogwood, male dogwood, or common dogwood (Cornus mas)

An exceptionally southern plant that grows wild in the Caucasus and Crimea, Asia Minor and Ukraine.

A deciduous shrub or small tree, in the conditions of the middle lane, dogwood usually does not grow more than 1-1.5 m tall. The bark is dark brown, flaky. Leaves ovate, up to 10 cm long, light green. Flowers yellow, small. They bloom in early spring before the leaves appear (March-April). Collected in axillary inflorescences (10-20 pieces each) and surrounded by a wrapper. The fruit is a drupe. Ripens in September-October. Up to 1.5 cm long spindle-shaped or elliptical red color. Edible.

Popular dogwood varieties:

Varieties with fruits- from oval to pear-shaped and cylindrical, red, yellow, weighing from 2 to 10 g. The pulp can have a variety of tastes: from sweet to sour, astringent. The fruits also have bactericidal properties, and the dogwood bark, its berries and leaves contain organic acids, sugars, pectins, tannins. Vitamin C in them is as much as in blackcurrant.

Varieties with ornamental leaves(in the conditions of the middle lane it is not winter-hardy).

USDA Zone 4(5). In the middle lane, the culture practically does not hibernate, completely freezing out every year, therefore it is found, as a rule, only up to the latitude of the city of Orel.

Dogwood is shade-tolerant (feels better in weak shading), drought-resistant, undemanding to soils, but prefers well-filled, nutritious and moisture-intensive soils. Dogwood starts fruiting early and bears fruit annually up to 70-90 years. For cross-pollination, there must be at least two different bushes of this plant on the site.

The root system of dogwood is dense and branched, but superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to loosen the soil under it shallowly - by 5-8 cm.

You should not buy dogwood seedlings along highways and at spontaneous fairs, since such a purchase will most likely bring failure: specimens dug out in the southern regions have low winter hardiness.

Sod care

Derains are generally unpretentious and winter-hardy plants that prefer a sunny or semi-shady location with any garden soil. When preparing the site, it is advisable to fill the landing pit with humus. Deep landing recommended.

Care is not demanding. Watering is carried out during dry periods, in the spring it is desirable to carry out top dressing with a complete mineral fertilizer.

Instances grown for the sake of branches, beautiful in winter, are pruned in early spring, completely removing shoots at a height of 5-20 cm from the ground. Plants planted for flowers or beautiful foliage are grown almost without pruning, only thinning out the crown once every few years (early spring, before bud break).

Derain propagation

Propagated by seeds, cuttings, root suckers.

The use of deren in culture

Blood red derain has a very strong, thin-layered wood that does not prick well. Baskets are woven from thin branches of turf and hoops are made.

And the male deren or dogwood is known for its fruits. They contain up to 9% sugar and 3.5% acids. This is one of the oldest fruit plants. Back in the 4th century BC. e. Hippocrates advised to use its fruits for the treatment of stomach diseases. The seeds and leaves serve as substitutes for tea and coffee.

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