Short sentences with appeal. Common sentences with appeal: examples. Handling and etiquette

In Russian, there are a lot of rules that make it easier to work with spelling. Some of them are associated with the correct spelling of letters, others - with punctuation marks. Today we will consider such a thing as a proposal with an appeal. What is an appeal? How does it stand out? How does it fit with other words in the sentence?

General concept of circulation

An appeal is either a single word or a group of words that indicate the subject to whom speech is addressed in the text. For example: "Polina, give me pudding and a cup of tea for tea."

As a rule, a sentence with an appeal is distinguished by intonation. If you read this, you will immediately understand to whom it is addressed. For example: “Ivan Karlovich, you are biting. Quickly, pull out the bait."

In more detail, in oral speech, the appeal is usually distinguished by raising and lowering the voice. That is, if one word acts as an appeal, then its first syllable has an increase in voice, and the next one - its decrease. If the appeal is presented in several words, then the voice is raised on the first of them, and on the last one, the voice is lowered.

Where can an appeal be placed in a sentence?

The address is always in the nominative case and is a noun. If we talk about its position in the text, then it can stand in a sentence:

• at first;
• in the middle;
• at the end.

Where is the appeal: examples

For example: “Svetlana, your pies seem to be burnt. Something is smoking in your kitchen." This sentence with an appeal clearly shows that the appeal - "Svetlana" - is at the very beginning of the phrase.

Another example: "Listen, Alexei Kondratievich, there is an article about you in today's press." As can be seen from this sentence, the appeal is located in the center of the utterance. In this case, the appeal will be "Alexey Kondratievich."

For example: “How late you told me about the exam, Slavik. I won't be able to prepare for it." This sentence with an appeal (the word "Slavik"), as you can see, is at the very end.

How is the appeal distinguished in the proposal?

As it becomes clear from the examples, appeals are distinguished by punctuation marks. Moreover, if it stands at the beginning and is calmly pronounced, then on the one hand it stands out with a comma (the punctuation mark is placed after the appeal). If it has a similar arrangement, but is pronounced with a special feeling, then an exclamation mark is placed after it. For example: “Friends! We are glad to tell you good news. From tomorrow we will have two days off a week.

Please note that after "Friends!" are distinguished by an exclamation point, the next word begins with a capital letter.

If the appeal is in the middle of a phrase or sentence, it is separated from both sides by commas. The previous sentence with an appeal (“Listen, Alexei Kondratievich ...”) clearly demonstrates this.

The appeal at the end of the sentence is separated by a comma on one side only. In this case, a comma is placed before the call.

What is the purpose of the call in the test?

Usually, sentences with appeals are used to attract the attention of a particular person. In addition, it is with the help of the appeal that you can demonstrate your attitude towards any person. For example: “Honey, pay attention! I've been walking under the window for the second hour. Open the doors."

In literature, it is often possible to refer to an inanimate object with the help of address. For example: “Tell me the wind, is it possible to feel the need for communication and love?”

Sometimes there are interesting proposals with appeals. In particular, we are talking about sentences that use not one, but several calls at once. For example, "Come on, my darling, Martyn Petrovich, let's find a place to sleep for today."

The address itself is not a member of the sentence, but it can have words dependent on itself. For example: “My dear friend and devoted comrade! A lot depends on your decision today.” At the same time, in the first part of the text (before the exclamation mark), we see the appeal “Friend and comrade”, which is bordered by additional words.

An appeal can refer to one or several subjects at once. In such cases, "and" is placed between these calls. For example: “Kolya and Igor, today it’s your turn to be on duty in the classroom. Remove debris and dust off bookshelves". In this case, the appeal is "Kolya and Igor."

In addition, references can be repeated in the same sentence. For example: "Lena, Lena, aren't you ashamed?!"

Often, before the conversion, you can see the interjection particle "o". For example: “Do not despair, O friend. Everything will be alright!"

How sentences with an appeal are separated in business letters: examples

When compiling business documentation, appeals are also used. As a rule, they are written separately from the rest of the text and are highlighted with an exclamation mark. Eg:

Dear users of the Internet provider "XXX"!

The company "XXX" LLC reminds that from 20.07.2015 to 21.07.2015 it carries out preventive maintenance. As a result, the Internet will not work.

At the same time, pay attention to the fact that our appeal already includes the word “respected”, therefore, it is not separated by commas. Another example:

Hello dear subscriber!

Firm "UUU" is pleased to inform you that you can now pay for our services without commission in your personal account.

In this example, you can see that “dear subscriber” acts as a call. In this case, "hello" is not included in the address. It is a bright predicate and therefore stands out with a comma. Similar sentences with an appeal (you can see examples in our article) clearly demonstrate the location of appeals in business letters.

How are introductory words written?

Introductory words are sentences or phrases that introduce a special shade of modality into the text. At the same time, they refer either to certain members of the proposal, or to the proposal as a whole. In addition, water words can convey uncertainty and confidence, as well as other feelings (joy or sadness, admiration). An example of introductory words: "We will certainly keep our promise to increase your wages next month".

Introductory words, which are separated by commas, can be used in sentences along with appeals. Here is one example of a sentence with appeals, introductory words:

It seems, Ivan Petrovich, in this case you have absolutely no control over the question. We will have to turn to a more knowledgeable person.

In this example, “it seems” acts as an introductory word, while the appeal here is “Ivan Petrovich”. In this case, the introductory word is at the beginning of the sentence and, therefore, is separated by a comma on one side. The second comma in this text refers to our appeal.

Here is another example where the introductory word is at the beginning, and the appeal is in the middle:

Looks like your game is lost, dear friend.

Examples of what introductory words can convey:

How does addressing feel next to interjections?

In Russian, there are sentences with appeals and interjections. Recall that interjections are a certain part of speech that serves to endow expressions and sentences with some kind of emotion. Interjections include such short words as: “Oh!”, “Ah!”, “Fathers!”, “Ay!” - and others.

If, together with an interjection in a sentence, there is an appeal, then the first is distinguished by an exclamation mark, and the second by a comma or commas. For example: “Alas! Ivan, Makarovich, your letter was handed over by messenger yesterday.

If the sentence contains the interjection "o" and it comes before the appeal, then the exclamation point is not put. For example: “Oh, gods, is it possible to spend hard-earned money like that ?!”

In addition, often an appeal can stand next to an interjection, and then a comma and an exclamation mark are not put between them. For example: "Oh, you, and I had a better opinion of you."

In conclusion, we say that the appeal gives the proposal a special sound. It goes well with both its own kind and other parts of speech. Now you know how sentences are written with appeals and introductory words, as well as with interjections.

Appeal is a combination of word forms that express the name and title of the subject, to which the speech is directed.

They are usually nouns in nominative cases. They can be paired with a dependent word, they can be without them. Calls can be any . As emphasized in written speech, we will find out other aspects further.

There are no specific, definite positions for these literary structures. They can be placed anywhere in the sentence.

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Examples

Beginning of the offer:

• Ivanov, Does it bother you that you have such a standard surname?
• Teacher, can I ask your colleague for help?
• Mr Jones, but do you know how a revolver differs from a pistol?

Appeal in the middle offers:

• It bothers me my dear friend, communicate with those who care about the names.
• Let's read a little more Darling because we don't have to get up early tomorrow.
• To be honest, in my opinion Dr. Stavropolsky, black lemonade can't taste good...
• If you were a bird dog, would you miss the owners?

At the end suggestions:

• I read the letter, and what do you think, I did not notice how you blushed, Smirnov?!
• I will not repeat three times, march to the board, dvushnik!

Appeals and subject

What member of a sentence can be a word form in ?

You can often hear the statement that the appeal is subject.

In fact, this is a delusion, although there are reasons to think so. The subject is also expressed in the same form, so it seems quite logical to confuse them. Nevertheless should be remembered:

• When the subject is a noun, the verb must be in the third person. Examples: Stepan Vasilyevich knows important things about all the inhabitants of the house. Marinochka leaves after seven o'clock in the direction of the second tram.
• When there are appeals in sentences, it is usually one-part, while it contains a verb-predicate in the form of the second person. Examples: Stepan Vasilyevich, do you know important things about all the inhabitants of the house? Marinochka, are you leaving after seven o'clock in the direction of the second tram?
• When the addresses are pronounced with special vocative intonations, for example, there are increased stresses or pauses. Examples: Children, come here immediately! I won’t repeat it twice, Tolya, correct the mistake!

What part of the sentence are the presented word forms? They are not members of the offer!

What words can be inversions

Most often, common sentences contain the name of persons(not to be confused with names, although names are included) or nicknames of animals. Moreover, it is not always the nickname that is applicable to them, often even the name of the species itself is an appeal. Examples:

• What do you tell me, Penkov, new? When, Vanya, are you going to get married?
• Well, Sharik, here we are alone...
• Oh, you dog, don't be a normal dog for you!

Nevertheless, in a speech with appeals from fiction, Appeals to inanimate objects are allowed:

• Well, Universe, I did not expect such a gift from you.
• I love you, life, you hear

Also possible geographical names:

• Oh, Russia, how glad I am to see you again!
• Well hello Germany, here we are again with you...

Important! Appeals and phrases of the interjective type are different things. Even if we take into account the seemingly obvious appeal to an animated person. For example: God save, God have mercy, thank God, thank God.

"You" and "you", despite all their similarities, almost never used as an address. They are subject parts of a sentence.

Eg:

Hello, dear lands and endless fields, and you, the birds of the sky, and you, the mighty winds!

However, in some cases these pronouns may be appeals. These cases are as follows:

1) When pronouns are used by themselves. Examples:

• Hey, you! Let's go as fast as we can!
• - Louder, you! the general shouted to the pianist and smiled authoritatively.

2) When pronouns are combinations of definitions with words that are defined if between these words there are second persons not separated by commas. Examples:

• Why do you have such a stupid look, you are my beloved handsome?
• You let us all down, you hear, you are our smart guy.

3) When the appeal contains a pronoun before which comes the particle "o", and after - the relative attributive clause. Examples:

• Do you hear me, you fools in Senate togas...
• O you, the best of the best, goddess of goddesses, queen of queens, can I love you?

How an appeal is distinguished

If the appeal is in the middle of a sentence, then it separate commas on both sides. If it is at the beginning of a sentence or at the end, then it is separated by a comma on one side.

• Thirty-five, are you ready to go to another camp or would you like to drink more coffee?
• One day you, son, will learn to be a father yourself.
• Was it not for nothing that I was who I was all my life, say, not for nothing, Lavrenty?

I would like to point out one extremely common mistake, used in punctuation in addresses.

Most often, in the texts, the appeal is used in one or two words, for example, “Hi, Pasha, how are you?”.

The frequent use of just such short appeals leads to the fact that many consider the appeal - a priori, a short part of the sentence.

Let's bring erroneous sentences with an appeal (attention, a mistake was intentionally made in the sentences):

1) Our brothers, at the table next door you are burnt under the summer sun.

2) Our brothers, at the table next door, you are burnt under the summer sun.

In the first sentence, the comma is placed with the expectation that the appeal is the phrase "Our brothers." However, it is obvious that the part "you got burned under the summer sun" is subordinate clause and must be separated by a comma.

That is exactly what was done in the second sentence. Nevertheless both are misspelled. The thing is that the comma after the words "Our brothers" should not stand at all, since the appeal is: "Our brothers are at the table next door." Despite the great length, it is this that is a whole and not a discontinuous appeal. It would be correct to write:

Our brothers are at the table nearby, you are burnt under the summer sun.

A similar example, only using the treatment at the end of the sentence:

“All the best to you, my dear and highly cultured comrade!”

If the appeal is at the very beginning and it is pronounced with an exclamatory intonation, then it should be remembered that it is not separated by commas, but by an exclamation point, after which a new sentence follows, as expected, with a capital letter. Example:

My dear! Forget about past problems...

Attention! No matter how integral and inseparable the appeals may seem, there are situations when they can be separated by commas.

This happens if the union “and” is repeated in homogeneous circulation, for example:

All the best to both Marina and Elena.

In addition, when contacting multiple times in one sentence they should all separate. Example:

Stepan Semenovich, tell the guys, dear, how you spent the night at the front under the stars.

It also happens that one treatment is broken by another word form. This is done to emphasize the action. In this case, both parts must be separated by commas. Example:

Stronger equine, bey, hoof, chasing a step!

The scheme of the sentence with the studied word form can be compiled by the student independently.

How is appeal distinguished in sentences

Learn Russian - sentences with appeals

Appeal - a word or combination of words that names the person to whom or to whom the speech is addressed. Most often it acts as a noun in the nominative case. It is very important to distinguish it from the subject, as this will help you correctly punctuate the sentence with the address. 5th grade faces with punctuation problems. It can be not only a noun, but also any other part of speech in its meaning, for example, an adjective, an adverb, etc. After reading the article, a grade 5 student can easily cope with this topic by making sentences on his own.

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How not to confuse the treatment with the subject

One of the most common problems that causes a punctuation problem is confusion with the definition of sentence members.

Compare two sentences from works of Russian literature:

Tell me, uncle, it's not without reason ... (Lermontov, "Borodino").

My uncle has the most honest rules ... (Pushkin, "Eugene Onegin").

In the first case, the word"uncle" is separated by commas. In the second case, "uncle" is the subject and is not separated by commas.

If you are not sure whether to isolate a noun or another part of speech in the meaning of a noun, follow these steps:

1. Find the subject and predicate. Highlight them with characteristic symbols(one straight line and two straight lines). For example:

The daughter washed the dishes.

Here the subject is daughter. The predicate - washed. By underlining the two members, you will clearly see that the subject is not an address. Let's try to make a suggestion:

Girl, wash the dishes!

In this case, the word "daughter" is separated by a comma. Imagine that a mother asked her daughter to wash the dishes and called her.

Remember: an appeal is not a member of a sentence! There are no exceptions. This word or part of a word is not included in the grammatical basis and is never the subject.

2. Say a sentence to yourself, trying to catch the intonation. The address does not sound like an ordinary subject. In the same example we looked at earlier, you can see differences in intonation. For example:

Mom washed the dishes.

This example is pronounced without commas in voice, i.e. in one breath, without stopping and breathing.

In the example:

Mom, will you wash the dishes?

It is perfectly audible that the word "daughter" stands out intonationally. To distinguish the subject from the address, say the necessary example to yourself several times.

3. One detail worth remembering is changing the predicate. If the subject is expressed by a noun, then the predicate is in the third person:

The daughter is washing the dishes.

If the noun- this is an appeal, then the sentence itself turns into a one-part one with a verb already in the second person:

Daughter, will you wash the dishes?

To avoid confusion, you can use the following tips:

• Often this is the name, nickname of the animal or the name. For example:

Ira, are you going out for a walk today?

Mom, I did my homework.

2. Place names are very common in the works of great poets. When we turn to nature, mountains, rivers and other geographical objects, you must separate the word with commas:

I love you my favorite city.

3. Set expressions with the words "Lord" and "God" are not isolated:

God forbid!

Lord have mercy.

Examples

Appeal can be in any part of the sentence. It is important to remember that it will stand apart in any case, no matter where it stands.

• At the beginning of a sentence:

Madam, the water in the Seine is very cold at this time (Paustovsky, “Precious Dust”).

2. The appeal, standing in the middle, is separated from two sides.

Come on, my friend, smile.

Well, Alina, how are you?

3. At the end of the appeal is separated by a comma, and the sign at the end of the sentence is determined by intonation:

Keep me, my talisman (Pushkin).

Are you here mom?

I love you my country!

Nuances in punctuation

• Please note that a word or phrase can be at the beginning of a sentence and be pronounced with an exclamatory intonation. In this case, the comma should be replaced with an exclamation mark. Let's take sentences with an appeal from fiction:

Old man! Forget about the past ... (Lermontov).

Poet! do not value the love of the people (Pushkin).

2. Sometimes a word at the beginning can be preceded by a particle o, which is also not a member of the sentence. The particle o is not separated by a comma:

O Zand, your age has died out on the chopping block (Pushkin).

An interjection is easily confused with a particle. The interjection about appears in the meaning of "ah". According to the rules Russian language interjection is separated:

Oh mother, did I do something wrong?

3. The following transformations occur when the particles a and a appear:

Oh, Lisa, so it's you! Come in.

, Primary School

Target: familiarization with the concept of "conversion".

Tasks:

• Observe the role of references in speech, place in a sentence.
• Consider punctuation when addressing.
• Develop speech, attention, thinking, memory, creative imagination.
• Raise interest in the lessons of the Russian language, independence.

Equipment: word cards, a table with language material, a Russian language textbook for grade 4, Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary, a phonogram of the song "Forest Deer".

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Posting the topic of the lesson

- The epigraph to today's lesson is the words of the famous fabulist of Ancient Greece - Aesop.
“With the help of language, people communicate, resolve issues, greet, express affection, joy, gain knowledge, develop culture.”
- Today at the lesson we will get acquainted with a very interesting and important topic. Each of you must be very careful. But more on that later.

2. A moment of calligraphy

About about

3. Vocabulary work

1. Ship, soldier, loaf, fireworks, ticket, wagon, newspaper, station.
2. Self-test.
3. They will show me their notebooks ....

4. Learning new material

1) - Guys, put your hands down and listen to me. After checking your notebooks, I want to say that you, Natasha, did an excellent job, and you, Roma, are worse than you could have done it. Tell me, my friends, why did you put down your pens? And how did you know that my words are addressed to you? What was the offer? What exactly did I say? GUYS, PUT HANDS UP. Those. I called you guys and asked you to put down your pens.
– And how did Natasha and Roma find out the results of the dictionary work?
Do you remember exactly what I said?
- What helped you understand that I was talking to these guys? (I have named them).
- So what is this word that names the one to whom the speech is addressed?
- So, the topic of our lesson: "Proposals with appeals."

2) On the board:

Come on kids, let's start learning
And knowledge is a bright thread forever
Let's weave into our grateful memory!

Y. Altynsarin

- Read the lines "to yourself."
Now let's read these lines aloud. Write the lines in your notebook.
- Find the appeal in these lines.
- Why did you decide that this is an appeal?
– What is an appeal?
What part of speech words can be used to express appeals?
- Is the appeal always one word? Prove it.
- For the word children, choose the appropriate adjectives in meaning.
- Read the lines again. Altynsarin with an adjective, suitable in meaning to the word children.
- Make a conclusion.

Conclusion: An appeal can be not only one word, but also a combination of words.
- Does the appeal stand out intonation?
- What corresponds to intonational emphasis in writing?
- Listen to what interpretation of the word "conversion" gives Ozhegov's dictionary. (Individual task for the child).
- Do our conclusions, conclusions coincide with the explanatory dictionary?

3) Now let's turn to textbook and read the rules on p. 215-214.

5. Consolidation of knowledge

1) – Calls are not always separated by commas.

On the desk:

People! Protect the environment.

- Write the sentence in your notebook.
- Find an appeal. Why is there an exclamation point after it?
What part of the sentence is the appeal?
- So, if the appeal is at the beginning of the sentence and is pronounced with a strong feeling, then an exclamation mark is placed after it.
– Please note that after the exclamation mark, the word must be capitalized
- Give examples of sentences with appeals so that it expresses a strong feeling.

2) Commented letter

Friends, life is calling us forward.
Oh, Misha, you're dirty.
You gave a great answer today, Julia.

- Where is the appeal located in the proposal?

3) Independent work(by options)

Change the sentences so that the appeal is at the beginning, in the middle, at the end of the sentence

Help me solve the problem, Ira.
Mom, let me go to the cinema today.

4) Verification

5) Generalization

6) Recording sentences from dictation, parsing them by members (at the blackboard)

Friends rejoice in their successes.
Friends, I rejoice in your success.

What part of the sentence is the word "friends" in the first sentence? In the second?

Conclusion: The appeal is not grammatically connected to any member of the sentence and therefore is not a member of the sentence.

In what case is the word-address in the second sentence? (Im. p.), but differs from the subject in vocative intonation. In Old Russian, there was a special vocative case for addresses. The vocative case can be found in A.S. Pushkin. (What do you want, old man?) Instead of "old man."

7) Generalization according to the table p. 215 No. 714

8) Work in groups

Write down a sentence, find an appeal, put the necessary punctuation marks.

• Wake up this earth, spring.
• Where are you flowing, brook?
• But you, mouse, cannot go everywhere.
• The main thing, guys, is not to grow old with your heart.
• Welcome starlings

9) Verification

10) creative work (Homework)

- And now, children, I suggest you listen to a wonderful song and find sentences with an appeal in it.

The phonogram of the song "Forest Deer" sounds

- Name proposals with appeals. What request does the girl make to the deer?
- So, imagine that the deer fulfilled the request of the girl, and together with her we ended up in a fairy tale. There were no ordinary boys and girls left in our class, everyone became wizards. There are fairy tale characters around us: Puss in Boots, Alice from the Looking Glass, Courageous Chipollino, brownie Kuzka and many others. Imagine that you are in
difficult situation and you need to write a mini-letter to a fairy-tale hero asking for help. But please, do not forget about polite words and sentences with appeals.

6. Evaluation

In the grammar of the Russian language there are various characteristics offers. One of them is an indication of complicating elements. So, sentences with common appeals are sentences with complication.

Offer characteristics

When conducting syntactic analysis, it is necessary to determine the part of speech of all the words in the sentence, to identify which members of the sentence they are.

At the final stage of the analysis, it is necessary to characterize the proposal:

1. Emotional coloring.
2. Grammatical bases (one or more).
3. Minor members (available or absent).
4. Availability of required members.
5. The presence of complicating elements.

Complicating structures

The implementation of paragraph 6 requires knowledge of complicating structures.

These are isolated members, introductory words, homogeneous members, qualifying members, appeals. An example of sentences with appeals and introductory words: Yuri, when do you think the broadcast of sports competitions will begin? I think, Valya, you shouldn't stay here. Ivan, you apparently vacationed in Cyprus?

For more information on how the offer can be complicated, see the table below.

Sentence complicators

Complicator	Example
Detached Members	Plant, grown in the south, may die in the harsh climate of the north. Opening the window she smelled cherry blossoms from the garden.
Introductory words and expressions	in the spring, perhaps we're going on a hike. According to researchers, the found artifact is more than 5 thousand years old.
Homogeneous Members	Children collected plums, apples and cherries. Schoolchildren on the seashore were playing into the ball, swam on a banana sunbathing in the sun.
Comparative turns	Breeze, like a warm mother's handkerchief wrapped around her shoulders. Like the prickly needles of a hedgehog, the grass was pricked in the field.
Refinement members	In the north, in the National Park "Arktika" inhabited by polar bears. Last year, in April They brought him a motorcycle.
Appeals	Kolya where does the narwhal live? Nikitin go to the post office.

Appeal - part of a complicated sentence: intonation

Offers in which there are appeals have a number of differences. They are pronounced with a special vocative, ascending-descending intonation. If the appeal is a part, then the main semantic load is divided between the appeal and the verb. If the appeal is included in the interrogative sentence, then the emphasis falls on the appeal. An example of proposals with appeals: Klim, bring documents on the sale of equipment. Son, let's not mess around at recess. Where are my sketches, Nadia? Daughter, how to get to the library? There are incentive-interrogative sentences, where there are two main logical stresses: Tell me, Dmitry, how did you manage to achieve success?

Appeal is part of a complicated sentence: grammatical features

In the sentence, the appeal is introduced in the nominative case. Sometimes, especially in colloquial speech, addresses may not be in the nominative case. For example: Did you pay the fare in your tunic? Hey straw hat, did you ask permission?

Appeals are usually nouns (often proper names): Mom, take me with you. Eugene, be smart!

Sometimes the appeal is adjectives, pronouns, numerals, participles. An example of sentences with appeals expressed not as a noun, but as a noun: Young people, go to the receptionist. Oh, you did things! Sixth, fight! Dancers, pay attention to the rhythm.

Being a construction that complicates the sentence, the appeal is separated using commas. If the appeal begins a sentence, then after it you must put a comma: Uncle, where did you serve?

If it is in the middle of a sentence, then it is separated by commas on both sides: You tell me, Volga, where the winds blow.

If the appeal ends the sentence, then a comma is needed before it: Repeat everything word for word, Lisa.

In cases where a particularly strong accentuating intonation is needed, an exclamation mark may be placed after the appeal: Friends! Let's meet more often.

If the appeal is accompanied by an intonation of understatement, then an ellipsis is placed after the appeal: Kat... Look at me! Given the peculiarities of the use of appeals, it is possible to appeal without difficulty.

Common treatment

If next to a noun appeal there is a definition expressed by a participle, an adjective, a possessive pronoun, then the appeal will be common. Offers with common ones which are given below are also complicated. Laughing baby, how are you? Dear brother, tell me a story. My friend, we haven't seen each other for a long time. These are complex sentences with common appeals. There are cases when an entire isolated structure is in circulation. An example of sentences with appeals complicated by separate constructions: Comrades waiting for the train, be careful. A friend who has always understood me, you are dear to me.

Use of address in fiction

IN fiction appeals are introduced not only with the aim of naming a particular character, but also in order to express the feeling with which the hero is addressed.

For example, sentences with an appeal from the literature, from the stories of I.A. Bunin: Thank you gentlemen, I feel too tired. Go ahead, brother, go bold! Barchuks, look at the ships! Mitya, they are hungry! Kohl, oh Kol!

Examples of sentences with common appeals from the literature: What is it, little barchuk? Are there any letters, Ivan Filimonovich? Sergei Lvovich, please play! Nikolay Nilych, how many pieces of sugar do you want? Farewell, pani Leshchinskaya. Farewell, sisters, angels, thank you for chatting with me.

Handling and etiquette

In many states there are generally accepted, gender and socially marked appeals. This Mr, Mrs, Miss, Madam, Ma'am, Sir, Lady- in English-speaking countries, senor, senora- in Latin countries, monsieur, mademoiselle, madam- in France. In Russia, there is no generally accepted treatment. in Russia allows you to apply mister And mistress. In colloquial speech, the impersonal form is often used, for example, sorry, sorry. There are, mainly in oral speech, gender-differentiated appeals: woman, young man, girl, man and others.