The role of chemistry in the defense industry of Russia. Inorganic substances in military affairs

METALS IN MILITARY

Chemistry teacher Bessudnova Yu.V.

Copper, No. 29 . During the Great Patriotic War, the main consumer copper was the military industry. An alloy of copper (90%) and tin (10%) is gunmetal. Cartridge cases and artillery shells are usually yellow color. They are made of brass - an alloy of copper (68%) with zinc (32%). Most artillery brass cases are used more than once. During the war years, in any artillery battalion there was a person (usually an officer) responsible for the timely collection of spent cartridges and sending them for reloading. High resistance against the corrosive action of salt water is characteristic of marine brasses. This is brass with tin added.

Molybdenum, No. 42 . Molybdenum is called a "military" metal, since 90% of it is used for military purposes. Steels with the addition of molybdenum (and other micro-additives) are very strong, they are used to prepare the barrels of guns, rifles, guns, aircraft parts, and cars. The introduction of molybdenum into the composition of steels in combination with chromium or tungsten unusually increases their hardness ( tank armor).

Silver, No. 47. Silver alloyed with indium was used to make searchlights (for air defense). Searchlight mirrors during the war years helped to detect the enemy in the air, at sea and on land; sometimes tactical and strategic tasks were solved with the help of searchlights. So, during the assault on Berlin by the troops of the First Belorussian Front, 143 searchlights of huge aperture blinded the Nazis in their defensive zone, and this contributed to the quick outcome of the operation.

Aluminum, No. 13. Aluminum is called the "winged" metal, since its alloys with Mg, Mn, Be, Na, Si are used in aircraft construction. The finest aluminum powder was used to produce combustible and explosive mixtures. The filling of incendiary bombs consisted of a mixture of powders of aluminum, magnesium and iron oxide, mercury fulminate served as a detonator. When the bomb hit the roof, a detonator ignited the incendiary composition, and everything around began to burn. A burning incendiary composition cannot be extinguished with water, as hot magnesium reacts with it. Therefore, sand was used to extinguish the fire.

Titanium has unique properties: almost twice as light as iron, only one and a half times as heavy as aluminum. At the same time, it exceeds steel by one and a half times in strength and melts at more high temperature, has high corrosion resistance. Ideal metal for jet aircraft.

Magnesium, No. 12. The property of magnesium to burn with a blinding white flame is widely used in military technology for the manufacture of lighting and signal rockets, tracer bullets and projectiles, and incendiary bombs. Metallurgists use magnesium to deoxidize steel and alloys.

Nickel, No. 28. When the Soviet T-34 tanks appeared on the battlefields, German experts were amazed at the invulnerability of their armor. By order from Berlin, the first captured T-34 was delivered to Germany. Here the chemists took over. They found that Russian armor contains a high percentage of nickel, which makes it super-strong. Three qualities of this machine - fire power, speed, armor strength- had to be combined so that none of them was sacrificed to the other. Our designers, led by M. I. Koshkin, managed to create the best tank of the period of the Second World War. The turret of the tank turned at a record speed: it made a full turn in 10s instead of the usual 35s. Due to its light weight and size, the tank was very manoeuvrable. Armor with a high nickel content not only proved to be the strongest, but also had the most favorable angles of inclination, so it was invulnerable.

Vanadium, No. 23 . Vanadium called "automotive" metal. Vanadium steel made it possible to lighten cars, make new cars stronger, and improve their driving performance. Soldiers' helmets, helmets, armor plates on guns are made from this steel. Chrome vanadium steel is even stronger. Therefore, it began to be widely used in military equipment: for the manufacture of crankshafts for ship engines, individual parts of torpedoes, aircraft engines, and armor-piercing shells.

Lithium, No. 3. During the Great Patriotic War, lithium hydride became strategic. It reacts violently with water, and a large volume of hydrogen is released, which fills balloons and rescue equipment in case of aircraft and ship accidents on the high seas. The addition of lithium hydroxide to alkaline batteries increased their service life by 2-3 times, which was very necessary for partisan detachments. Tracer bullets with the addition of lithium during the flight left a blue-green light.Wolfram, No. 74. Tungsten is one of the most valuable strategic materials. Tungsten steels and alloys are used to make tank armor, shells for torpedoes and shells, the most important aircraft parts and engines.

Lead, No. 82. With the invention of firearms, the manufacture of bullets for guns, pistols and buckshot for artillery began to consume a lot of lead. Lead is a heavy metal and has a high density. It was this circumstance that caused the massive use of lead in firearms. Lead projectiles were used in antiquity: the slingers of Hannibal's army threw lead balls at the Romans. And now bullets are cast from lead, only their shell is made from other, harder metals.

Cobalt, No. 27. Cobalt is called the metal of wonderful alloys (heat-resistant, high-speed). Cobalt steel was used to make magnetic mines.

Lantan, No. 57. During World War II, lanthanum glasses were used in field optical instruments. An alloy of lanthanum, cerium and iron gives the so-called "flint", which was used in soldiers' lighters. Special artillery shells were made from it, which spark during flight when rubbing against the air.

Tantalum, No. 73. Specialists in military technology believe that it is expedient to manufacture some parts of guided missiles and jet engines from tantalum. Tantalum is the most important strategic metal for the manufacture of radar installations, radio transmission stations; metal reconstructive surgery.

MILITARY CHEMICAL BUSINESS, the field of military activity, embracing the issues of: 1) the use of chemical warfare agents in war, 2) protection against them, carried out both individually and collectively, and 3) preparation for chemical warfare.

I. Use of chemical warfare agents. For combat purposes, poisonous, smoke-forming and incendiary substances are used; they all act directly and are thus. the main active part of chemical weapons.

From toxic substances chlorine (Сl 2), phosgene (СО∙Сl 2), diphosgene (Сl∙СO∙O∙С∙Сl 3), mustard gas, arsines (CH 3 ∙AsCl 2 ; C 2 H 5 ∙ASCl 2 ; (C 6 H 5) 2 AsCl; ClAs (C 6 H 4) 2 NH; AS (CH:CHCl) Cl 2 and others], chloroacetophenone (Cl ∙ CH 2 ∙CO ∙ C 6 H 5), chloropicrin (C ∙ Cl 3 ∙NO 3) and some others. Depending on their physical and chemical properties, all toxic substances are usually divided into persistent (long-term) and unstable (short-term). For the purposes of a chemical attack, toxic substances can be used in the following ways.

A. Special Ways use of poisonous substances. 1) Gas cylinders. Gas balloon attacks are the first serious method of mass use of poisonous substances. To create gas waves directed downwind at the enemy, a mixture of chlorine and phosgene (80% and 20%) is used, produced from special steel cylinders (see Gas fittings), where this mixture is in a liquefied state under pressure. Combat application rates: 1000-1200 kg of mixture per 1 km of front in 1 minute with a wind force of 2-3 m / s. To calculate the amount of the combat mixture required for the production of a gas balloon attack, the following formula is used: a = b ∙ c ∙ g, where a is the desired amount of the required combat mixture, b is the combat rate in kg / km per 1 minute, c is the duration of release and d - front length. 2) Poisonous candles - metal cylinders of various sizes (starting from 0.5 l), equipped with a mixture of fuel with solid irritating poisonous substances (mainly arsines). When burning, arsines sublimate and give off poisonous smoke, which is difficult to hold back with gas masks. This method has not yet been used in the last war, but in a future war it will probably have to be met. 3) Gas throwers - steel pipes weighing 80-100 kg each, serving to eject projectiles weighing 25-30 kg. These projectiles (mines) can be filled with poisonous substances up to 50%. Gas cannons are used to create a high concentration cloud for surprise attacks. 4) Infecting devices- consist of portable or transportable tanks filled with persistent poisonous substances (mustard gas) and are used to infect the soil. In the last war, such devices were not used. 5) Flamethrowers - tanks from which a burning jet of liquid is ejected by pressure of compressed air; for flamethrowers, mixtures of various oil cuts and other combustible oils are used; range of flamethrowers - 25-50 m or more, depending on the system; they are mainly used in defense.

B. The use of poisonous substances by artillery and aviation. 1) Artillery chemical projectiles are of two main types: a) chemical and b) chemical fragmentation. The first are equipped mainly with toxic substances, while explosives are only enough to open the projectiles. The latter have a significant explosive charge and have a fragmentation effect. Typically, in such projectiles, the explosive charge is 40-60% by weight of the poisonous charge. Depending on the nature of the poisonous substance with which the shells are equipped, they are divided into shells short-term And long-term actions. In the German artillery, combat standards for the use of artillery chemical projectiles were adopted, indicated in Table. 1.

The consumption rate of fragmentation-chemical projectiles was approximately 1/6-1/3 of the number of expendable conventional chemical projectiles. For long-term projectiles, the same norm was applied as for short-term projectiles; in this case, the firing time can be much longer. 2) Aviation in the last war did not use poisonous substances. Intensified preparations are now being made in all armies for the use of aviation for these purposes. Aviation can operate with the help of poisonous substances, both at the front and in the rear, against population centers. In view of this, the problem of anti-chemical protection of the civilian population has now been put forward. Aviation can use in its attacks: a) bombs of various calibers, equipped with persistent and unstable poisonous substances; b) poisonous liquids- for direct pouring; one of the poisonous substances, which, in terms of its physicochemical and toxic properties, is most suitable for widespread use in aerochemical attacks, is mustard gas; V) incendiary substances used in artillery shells and bombs Ch. arr. to start fires; usually they are equipped with thermite (a mixture of aluminum and iron oxide); G) smoke generating substances used for the purpose of blinding the enemy and masking one's own actions; the most commonly used are phosphorus, sulfuric anhydride, chlorosulfonic acid and stannous chloride; artillery shells and bombs can be loaded with these substances; special smoky devices and smoky checkers can also be used.

II. Poison Protection. For this purpose, mainly filtering gas masks are used; they usually consist of three parts: 1) a facial, including a mask that covers the eyes and airways, 2) an absorption box, and 3) a connecting tube. The most critical part of the gas mask is the absorption box. Its absorption capacity is based on the action of activated carbon, chemical absorber and smoke filter. Activated charcoal is a common charcoal, obtained from hardwoods or from fruit pits. Its porosity, and with it the adsorption capacity, are artificially increased different ways, of which the most common is the action of superheated steam at 800-900 °. The activity of coal is usually measured by its ability to absorb chlorine. Medium activated carbons absorb 40-45% by weight of chlorine. But activated carbon alone is not enough for the complete absorption of all toxic substances in the vapor and gaseous state. For the final absorption of toxic substances (for example, the products of their hydrolysis in coal), a chemical absorber is used. It consists of a mixture of lime, caustic alkali, cement and diatomaceous earth (or pumice) in certain proportions. The whole mixture is irrigated with a strong solution of potassium or sodium permanganate. However, neither the latter nor the chemical absorber sufficiently retain poisonous fumes. To protect against them, smoke filters are introduced into the absorption box, usually consisting of various fibrous substances ( different varieties cellulose, cotton wool, felt, etc.). At present, all armies are working hard to improve gas masks, striving to make them the most powerful, versatile, easy to breathe, easy to carry and adapted to each type of weapon, cheap and easy to manufacture. In addition to filtering, insulating gas masks are used, although to a much lesser extent. They are a device in which oxygen is supplied from a special cartridge for breathing. This device completely isolates a person from the surrounding air; That. its versatility in relation to toxic substances is maximum. However, due to its bulkiness, high cost, complexity and short duration of action, it cannot yet compete with a filtering gas mask; the latter remains the main means of protection against toxic substances. To protect against poisonous substances acting on the skin (blisters), special protective clothing is used, made from fabric impregnated with drying oil or other compounds. In addition to personal protective equipment, which are filtering gas masks, the massive use of poisonous substances also put forward the need for collective protection. The means of protection of this kind include various anti-chemically equipped premises, ranging from field shelters to residential buildings. For this purpose, the air entering such a room (gas shelter) is first passed through an absorption filter having dimensions corresponding to the room.

III. Preparation for military chemical warfare covers the following issues: 1) production of all means necessary for maintaining chemical control, and supplying the troops and the civilian population with them, 2) preparing for the chemical warfare of the entire personnel of the army and the civilian population and taking preparatory measures for the chemical defense of various points of the country and 3) research work to find new or improve old means and methods of chemical warfare . The possibility of conducting chemical warfare, its depth and scope are determined by the state of its chemical industry in a given country. The latter at the present time, as shown in Table. 2 is developing precisely in the directions necessary for the widespread production and use of poisonous substances.

The rapid, ever-increasing growth of the chemical industry will undoubtedly lead to the widespread use in war of various chemical substances of military importance. The research work being widely carried out in all countries in various special scientific institutes will give the mass use of chemical warfare agents the most rational forms from the military point of view. In a future war, the military-chemical business will occupy one of the most important places.

Discipline: Chemistry and physics
Kind of work: Essay
Topic: Chemicals in military affairs

Introduction.

poisonous substances.

Inorganic substances in the service of the military.

The contribution of Soviet chemical scientists to the victory of the Second World War.

Conclusion.

Literature.

Introduction.

We live in the world various substances. In principle, a person does not need so much to live: oxygen (air), water, food, basic clothing, housing. However

person learning the world, receiving more and more new knowledge about him, constantly changes his life.

In the second half

century, chemical science has reached a level of development that has made it possible to create new substances that have never coexisted in nature before. However,

creating new substances that should serve for the good, scientists also created such substances that became a threat to humanity.

I thought about this when I was studying history.

world war, learned that in 1915. The Germans used poisonous gas attacks to win on the French front. What were the rest of the countries to do?

First of all - to create a gas mask, which was successfully completed by N.D. Zelinsky. He said: “I invented it not to attack, but to protect young lives from

suffering and death." Well, then, like a chain reaction, new substances began to be created - the beginning of the era of chemical weapons.

How does it feel about this?

On the one hand, substances "stand" on the protection of countries. Without many chemicals, we can no longer imagine our life, because they are created for the benefit of civilization

(plastics, rubber, etc.). On the other hand, some substances can be used for destruction, they carry "death".

The purpose of my essay: to expand and deepen knowledge about the use of chemicals.

Tasks: 1) Consider how they are used chemical substances in military affairs.

2) Get acquainted with the contribution of scientists to the victory of the Second World War.

organic matter

In 1920 - 1930. there was a threat of unleashing the second world war. The major world powers were feverishly arming, the greatest efforts were made by

Germany and the USSR. German scientists have created a new generation of poisonous substances. However, Hitler did not dare to unleash chemical warfare, probably realizing that its consequences for

relatively small Germany and vast Russia will be incommensurable.

After World War II, the chemical arms race continued for more than high level. At present, developed countries do not produce chemical weapon, however

huge stocks of deadly toxic substances have accumulated on the planet, which poses a serious danger to nature and society

Mustard gas, lewisite, sarin, soman, were adopted and stored in warehouses.

Gases, hydrocyanic acid, phosgene, and another product that is usually depicted in the font "

". Let's consider them in more detail.

is colorless

the liquid is almost odorless, which makes it difficult to detect it by

signs. He

applies

to the class of nerve agents. Sarin is intended

first of all, for air contamination with vapors and fog, that is, as an unstable agent. In some cases, however, it can be used in drop-liquid form for

contamination of the area and military equipment located on it; in this case, the persistence of sarin can be: in summer - several hours, in winter - several days.

through the skin it acts in drop-liquid and vapor states, without causing

this local defeat. The degree of damage by sarin

depends on its concentration in the air and the time spent in the contaminated atmosphere.

When exposed to sarin, the affected person experiences salivation, profuse sweating, vomiting, dizziness, loss of consciousness, seizures

severe convulsions, paralysis and, as a result of severe poisoning, death.

Sarin formula:

b) Soman is a colorless and almost odorless liquid. Applies

to the class of nerve agents

properties

on the body

human

it works about 10 times stronger.

Soman formula:

present

low volatile

liquids

with very high temperature

boiling, so

their tenacity is many times

more than the persistence of sarin. Like sarin and soman, they are classified as nerve agents. According to the foreign press, V-gases in 100 - 1000

times more toxic than other nerve agents. They differ high efficiency when acting through the skin, especially in the drop-liquid state: contact with

human skin small drops

V-gases usually cause death in humans.

d) Mustard gas is a dark brown oily liquid with a characteristic

an odor reminiscent of garlic or mustard. Belongs to the class of skin-abscess agents. Mustard gas slowly evaporates

its durability on the ground is: in summer - from 7 to 14 days, in winter - a month or more. Mustard gas has a multifaceted effect on the body: in

drip-liquid and vaporous states, it affects the skin and

vaporous - the respiratory tract and lungs, when ingested with food and water, it affects the digestive organs. The effect of mustard gas does not appear immediately, but after

some time, called a period covert action. When it comes into contact with the skin, drops of mustard gas are quickly absorbed into it without causing pain. After 4-8 hours on the skin appears

redness and itching. By the end of the first and the beginning of the second day, small bubbles form, but

they merge

into single large bubbles filled with amber-yellow

liquid that becomes cloudy over time. Emergence

accompanied by malaise and fever. After 2-3 days, the blisters break through and expose ulcers underneath that do not heal for a long time.

hits

infection, then suppuration occurs and the healing time increases to 5-6 months. Organs

are amazed

then signs of damage appear: a feeling of sand in the eyes, photophobia, lacrimation. The disease can last 10-15 days, after which recovery occurs. Defeat

digestive system is caused by ingestion of food and water contaminated

In heavy

poisoning

then come general weakness, headache, oh

weakening of reflexes; allocation

take on a fetid odor. In the future, the process progresses: paralysis is observed, a sharp weakness appears

exhaustion.

With an unfavorable course, death occurs on the 3rd - 12th day as a result of a complete breakdown and exhaustion.

In case of severe lesions, it is usually not possible to save a person, and if the skin is damaged, the victim loses his ability to work for a long time.

Mustard formula:

e) hydrocyanic

acid - colorless

liquid

with a peculiar odor reminiscent of

in low concentrations, the smell is difficult to distinguish.

hydrocyanic

evaporates

and only works in the vapor state. Refers to the general poisonous agents. characteristic

signs of damage hydrocyanic acid are: metallic

mouth, throat irritation, dizziness, weakness, nausea. Then

pain appears...

"History of Chemistry" - M 6. Fog formation. H 8. Photosynthesis. P 9. Evaporation of liquid mercury. DI. Mendeleev. Purpose: acquaintance with physical and chemical phenomena, the history of the development of chemistry. Agricola mining. I 11. Formation of rust on the nail. And 10. Burning food in an overheated pan. A.M. Butlerov. E 7. Blackening of silver items.

"History of Chemistry as a Science" - Arrhenius. Boltzmann. Bor. Boyle. New research methods. Achievements of alchemy. Great scientists - chemists. Organic chemistry. Atomic theory. Pneumatic chemistry. Berthelot. Beketov. Avogadro. Industrial chemistry. Biochemistry. Technical chemistry. Alchemy. Berzelius. Iatrochemistry. Structural chemistry. Greek natural philosophy.

"The Beginning of Chemistry" - The Conquest of Fire. Sumerians. Ceramic production. Pharmacopoeia. Sources of knowledge. Pre-alchemical period in the history of chemistry. Clay. Found two papyri. plant juice. Origin of the word "chemistry" Papyrus Ebers. Lots of chemical crafts.

"Poems about chemistry" - If there is methyl burate. In the run of life and worries, your "lifeless" nitrogen! We swear to solve problems! Top class - cheap, simple. Do not fade away on oxides, believe me, the demand, After all best class not in the world! The match was taken only in hand, And the fire shone at the moment. Well, of course not with everyone, More often in the form of fertilizers.

"Mikhail Kucherov" - General contribution to the development of chemistry. Kucherov's reaction made it possible to obtain acetic acid on an industrial scale. Kucherov Mikhail Grigorievich The goals of our work. This property was used by Kucherov to add water to acetylenes. In laboratory studies, the Kucherov reaction is used to this day.

"Lomonosov's contribution to chemistry" - Chemistry. The law of conservation of matter. Lomonosov's contribution. Detailed project. Lomonosov conducted a series of experiments. Lomonosov. True chemist. M.V. Lomonosov. A wide program of physical and chemical experiments. Chemist's table. The law of conservation of mass.

Total in the topic 31 presentations

MBOU Lyceum No. 104, Mineralnye Vody. "The role of metals in Pobeda » . 70 - anniversary of the Victory dedicated to... the work of a student of 8 in the class of Mikhailov Ivan. 2015

Relevance This study consists in the fact that there are almost no real participants in the events of the Great Patriotic War in life, our peers know about the war only from books and films. But human memory is imperfect, many events are forgotten. We must know real people who brought victory closer and gave us the future. Working on the project, from books, encyclopedias, newspaper and magazine articles, we learned more and more new facts about the contribution of science to the Victory. This must be told, this material must be multiplied and stored so that people know and remember to whom we owe years of peaceful life without war, who saved the world from the plague of fascism.

Epigraph. “We were given hands to hug the earth And warm her heart. Memory is given to us to raise the fallen And sing eternal glory to them, A fragment of a shell pierced a birch, And the letters lay down on the granite... Nothing is forgotten, nothing is forgotten Nobody is forgotten!

Hypothesis.

What is the role of metals in the Great Patriotic War?

• Learn about the contribution of chemical scientists to the cause of the great Victory over Nazi Germany.
• Get information about new, previously unknown facts about the application of the properties of certain metals.

Project tasks. - trace the role played by metal elements in the war;- find out what chemists did for the great Victory. Pay attention to their steadfastness, courage, selflessness, evaluate their contribution to the cause of Victory over the enemy; -to realize the connection between chemistry, history and literature;- to instill in students a sense of patriotism, devotion and love for their homeland, respectful attitude towards war and home front veterans, to promote a sense of pride in the selfless work of scientists during the war years, to show and confirm the importance of chemical knowledge for life.

“I don’t see my enemy, the German designer, who is sitting above

with their blueprints... in a deep sanctuary.

But, not seeing him, I am at war with him ... I know that no matter what the German comes up with, I have to come up with a better one.

I gather all my will and fantasy

all my knowledge and experience ... so that on the day when two new aircraft - ours and the enemy - collide in the military sky, ours will be the winner "

Lavochkin S.A., aircraft designer

“ It was necessary to own knowledge to create the best tanks, aircraft, in order to free all peoples from the invasion of the Nazi gang as soon as possible, so that science can again calmly do its peaceful work, so that it can put the entire amount of natural wealth at the service of mankind, put the entire periodic table at the feet of a liberated and joyful humanity” . Fersman A.E., academician

Arbuzov Alexander Erminingeldovich

He made a drug - 3,6 diaminophthalimide, which has a fluorescent ability. This drug was used in the manufacture of optics for tanks.

Kitaygorodsky Isaac Ilyich

Created armored glass, which is 25 times stronger than ordinary glass.

Favorsky Alexey Evgrafovich

He studied Chemical properties and transformation

substance is acetylene. Developed the most important method for obtaining vinyl esters used in the defense industry

Fersman Alexander Evgenievich

He performed special work on military engineering geology, military geography, on issues of strategic raw materials, camouflage paints.

When Soviet T-34 tanks appeared on the battlefields, German experts were amazed at the invulnerability of their armor, which contained a large percentage of nickel and made it

heavy duty

Aluminum is called the "winged" metal.

Aluminum was used to protect aircraft, as radar stations did not pick up signals from approaching aircraft. The interference was caused by aluminum foil tapes; approximately 20,000 tons of aluminum foil were dropped during raids on Germany.

Tracer bullets with the addition of lithium during the flight left a blue-green light.

Lithium compounds are used in submarines to purify the air.

A colossal mass of iron has been spent on the globe in the course of wars. During the Second World War - about 800 million tons.

More than 90% of all metals that were used in the Great Patriotic War, falls on iron.

For the manufacture of armor for tanks and guns, steel was used (an alloy of iron, tungsten with carbon up to 2% and other elements)

There is no such element, with the participation of which so much blood would be shed, so many lives would be lost, so many misfortunes would occur.

Iron alloys in the form of armor plates and castings 10-100 mm thick were used

in the manufacture of hulls and turrets of tanks, armored trains

Scary iron

distant war

incendiary bomb

tank armor

rifle

Vanadium is called "automobile" metal. Vanadium steel made it possible to lighten cars, make new cars stronger, and improve their driving performance. Soldiers' helmets, helmets, armor plates on guns are made from this steel.

The name of this disease is tin plague. Soldier's buttons should not be stored in the cold. Tin chloride ( IV ) - a liquid used to form smoke screens.

Without germanium there would be no

radio locators

Cobalt is called the metal of wonderful alloys (heat-resistant, high-speed)

Cobalt steel was used to make magnetic mines

Specialists in military technology believe that it is expedient to manufacture some parts of guided missiles and jet engines from tantalum.

Initially, tantalum was used to make wire for incandescent lamps.

• Based on the information obtained, the following can be done: conclusions:

• The role of metals in the Victory in the Second World War is very large.

• Only the mind, resourcefulness, selfless work of our chemical scientists allowed the metals to fully show their properties and thereby bring the long-awaited Victory closer.
• I would like to hope that the power of this wonderful science - chemistry - will be directed not to the creation of new types of weapons, not to the development of new poisonous substances, but to the solution of global universal problems.

Who said about the chemist: “I fought a little”, Who said, "He shed little blood?" I call my chemist friends as witnesses, Those who boldly beat the enemy until the last days, Those who marched in the same ranks with the native army, Those who defended my homeland with their breasts. How many roads, front lines have been traveled ... How many young guys died on them ... The memory of the war will never fade, Glory to the living, fallen chemists - the honor is doubly. Senior Lecturer, DHTI former front-line soldier Z.I. Badgers

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Veterans leave. How can we not forget them?

How can we keep them in our hearts with you?

Or everything that got at such a price,

It will be sold out by us, it will be forgotten ...

Yuri Starodubtsev

Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers

From the bloody fields that did not come,

They didn’t fall into this land once,

And they turned into white cranes.

They are still from the time of those distant

Isn't that why so often and sadly

Are we silent, looking at the sky?

Rasul Gamzatov