The gentle warm sea lazily rolls its waves to the shore. Deer graze all day among the forested rocks that have come up to the water's edge. They come down here to enjoy the coolness of a light breeze in the dense shade of sprawling oaks and pines. The sea splashes at the very feet of the horned beauties, but it is unlikely to attract them. When the time comes to go to a watering hole, deer climb high into the mountains in search of tiny holes with muddy, not very fresh water, the rest of the springs that dry up completely in summer.

Not a single deer descends to the sea to quench his thirst! And not only deer. The winding coastline of the continents, surrounded on all sides by oceans, stretches for thousands of kilometers. And nowhere is it crossed by animal paths: not a single animal on earth descends to the sea to quench its thirst.

People who have been shipwrecked among the vast Expanses of oceanic salt water are dying of thirst. Sea water is unsuitable for drinking, too many salts are dissolved in it, 35 grams per liter, of which 27 are ordinary table salt.

Why can't you drink sea water?

An adult needs up to 3 liters per day, including, of course, the water contained in food. If you drink sea water, about 100 grams of salts will be introduced into the body daily with it. If they all fall into the blood at once, a catastrophe will occur. Usually, the blood is freed from excess salts as soon as their amount exceeds the norm. main job the kidneys clean the blood. During the day, an adult excretes one and a half liters of urine, about half of the water received by the body per day, while simultaneously getting rid of sodium, potassium, calcium and others. harmful substances. Unfortunately, the concentration of these salts in ocean water is much higher than in urine. Therefore, in order to remove salts from sea water from the body, much more water would be required than it was drunk.

How do marine fish and animals live? Where do they find fresh water?

It turns out they find it. The blood and tissue fluids of fish and other vertebrates contain very little salt. Therefore, all marine predators, along with food, also receive a significant amount of water that is quite suitable for drinking. These fluids are quite suitable for humans, which was first noticed by the French doctor A. Bombard.

Every year, thousands of people are shipwrecked and die of hunger and thirst. Bombar did a bold experiment to prove that everything necessary for human life is in the ocean, and shipwrecked people can stay alive if they manage to use its gifts. To do this, he went across the Atlantic Ocean in a small rubber boat, eating on the way caught fish and the smallest invertebrates, and instead of water, he drank liquid squeezed out of the body of fish. He managed to cross the ocean in 65 days, making his way from Europe to America. And although this way of eating significantly undermined the health of the scientist, he proved the possibility of human life in the ocean.

The question involuntarily begs: where do marine fish get fresh water from? It turns out they have a wonderful desalination machine. These are not kidneys. In fish, the kidneys are small, poorly developed and almost do not take part in the removal of salts from the body. The desalination device is located in the gills. Special cells capture salts from the blood and, together with mucus, are brought out in a highly concentrated form.

It is not easy for seabirds to obtain fresh water either. Petrels and albatrosses live in the open ocean, far from the coast. On land, they appear once a year, only to hatch chicks. Cormorants, guillemots, many gulls, although they live in the coastal zone, never drink fresh water. It used to be thought that they were content with the tissue fluid of their victims. But it turns out that they willingly drink sea water, and many cannot even do without it. In zoological gardens, it has long been noticed that these birds do not live in captivity. Zoologists were surprised: gentle, tiny hummingbirds endure captivity; parrots, ostriches, eagles and owls do well in cages, but seagulls die quickly. We decided that in cramped cages, sea beauties miss the ocean expanses. But not longing for the sea, not cramped cages turned out to be the cause of the death of birds. The birds just didn't have enough salt. When they began to add salt to their food, the gulls were cheerful and lived excellently.

There are wonderful distillers in sea birds and reptiles. They also do not have kidneys, but a nasal, or, as it is now called, saline, gland. In birds, it is located along the upper edge of the orbit, and its excretory duct opens into the nasal cavity. The concentration of sodium in the fluid secreted by the gland is five times greater than in the blood, and two to three times greater than in ocean water. The liquid flows out of the nasal openings and hangs on the tip of the beak in the form of large transparent drops, which the bird shakes off from time to time. If a seabird is fed a very salty diet, it will start dripping from its nose in 10-12 minutes. It looks like she has a bad cold.

In marine reptiles: turtles, snakes, lizards, the excretory duct of the salt gland, unlike birds, opens into the corner of the eye, and the secret flows out. For a long time already, people have noticed that crocodiles can cry large transparent tears. Having eaten another victim, the crocodile supposedly mourns her. From here arose popular expression"crocodile tears" as a symbol of the highest hypocrisy. And only today their reason has become clear: this is how the body of a crocodile is freed from excess salts that came with water and food.

Sea turtles roam the warm seas and oceans all year round. Only once a year dark night, at the right time for this, females go to sandy beaches to bury heaps of eggs laid right there in a secluded place. Returning back to the sea, the turtles cry bitterly, dropping large salty tears on the dry sand. Are they sad, parting with their native places, where they themselves once hatched from eggs? Do offspring abandoned to the mercy of fate mourn? Of course not. It's just that their salt glands are busy with their usual job - removing salts from the body. This is normal for them. Sea turtles are the biggest crybabies on our planet, but do you notice tears in the water? That's why people discovered the secret of the salt gland so late,

09.11.2015 2340 400 Gurinenko Lyubov Nikolaevna

Purpose: The ability to draw up a question plan and write a summary of the questions.

Planned results (tasks)

Subject: development of skills to express the content of the text in writing; correctly write suffixes in words;

Personal: develop love for the animal world;

Systemic - activity: the ability to draw up a plan for questions, correctly find answers in the text, divide the text into parts.

During the classes.

1 Organizing moment.

2. Psychological attitude.

Output on the topic of the lesson. Mystery.

She is well known to everyone.

She is always and everywhere at home.

There is no home for her relatives -

The house is always with her.

With such protection, there is no fear.

Who is this fortress? (Turtle)

3. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

4. Work on the content of the textbook p. 87.

Reading text.

Drawing and matching with text.

5. Questions to the text. Page 88

1. Where does the turtle wear its house?

2. How does the turtle move?

3. Why does the turtle walk slowly?

4. Where does she sleep at night?

5. When does she set off?

6. What does he see around?

7 What makes you happy?

Sample plan.

1. House on the back.

2. Sleeps in a house.

3 Beautiful eyes.

Vocabulary and spelling preparation.

Highlight the root in related words: turtle, turtle.

Disassemble the composition of the words HOUSE, HEAD, SUN.

Words with unstressed vowels: head, turtle, green, beautiful.

Reference words: Moves. Rejoices.

Completing of the work.

Self-examination of the presentation according to the text given in the textbook.

Self-assessment presentation.

Formative assessment: Praise! Thumb Reception

Reflection: - What did you learn about the turtle?

Dz. Prepare information about the turtle, about its shell.

Download material

See the downloadable file for the full text.
The page contains only a fragment of the material.

Recently I have a lot of biological posts.
And all because, thanks to the son, the apartment is becoming more and more densely populated by living beings.
Each of them has its own character and behaves accordingly.
And at the same time I have a feeling that a dense living ring is shrinking around me.
On the other hand, what to do, since the child has such a passion ...

I'm coming home from work the other day.
I discover that a new tenant has settled on the balcony.
Slug.
I touch it with my finger, experiencing mixed feelings - it is wet, rough and soft.
A little disgusting.
And the child is delighted.
It turns out that the slug has already been to school, where he enjoyed incredible success with only 3 "A".
Thanks to him, the attention of all the girls in the class was riveted to his son.
Together they poked their fingers at him and were happy.

In the evening, we discuss with the child whether the slug on the balcony will die, we decide that it will die, and we should release it.
Only the next day the slug... disappears.
Having examined the balcony, we understand that the slug could leave the room in only one way: crawl out through the open sash.
He certainly didn't have wings.

He must have crawled to the ground, I say.
- For a long time he will go down from the 25th floor, - the son notices ....

On the way from the balcony we come across a turtle. She proudly walks into the bedroom to her favorite place under the radiator, clinging to the soft carpet with her claws.
Actually, she is aquatic and lives in an aquarium.
But recently, every evening he walks around the apartment.
Because she fought for her rights and achieved better conditions of detention.
And she did it in the usual female way.

Yulia, Putya is crying, - our nanny once wrote to me at work.
- You mean crying? - I did not understand.
- In direct. She sits on the island, she is all dried up, and her eyes are wet. Therefore, it is understandable that she is crying. I read on the Internet - these turtles can cry, - the nanny added.

And then further - more, and Putya began to be thrown out of the aquarium.
When she first jumped out of it at night, I thought that thieves got into the apartment and dropped the closet.
Because everything is shattered.
She found the Way on the floor, in obvious shock at her own courage.
She picked it up, looked around, lowered it into the water.
It was amazing that she was whole.

Since then, Putya has done such somersaults more than once, risking her shell.
We began to put a sports mat under the aquarium, so that in which case it would absorb the fall and save the animal from injury.

It was after these stories that the Way got the right to walk in the evenings.
In addition, instead of the usual dry food of gammarus, she began to receive fresh poultry and fish (“Julia, how did she live on dry food for so long, but there are no vitamins in it”?).
Well, the nanny talks to her.
The way lands on the island to chat, stands on its hind legs (yes, yes!) and pulls its head to the interlocutor with interest.
"Who's the prettiest here?" - the nanny asks, and you can see how the turtle grows wings behind its back from such compliments, and it takes off a little.

In general, we can say that Putya did a great job. Otherwise, she could have sat behind glass all her life with wet eyes, watching someone else's life.
And now he takes part in it fully ...

Worms also live on the balcony.
Yesterday it was rainy, and the son brought them home so that they would not freeze.
He fed with sleeping tea leaves.
Barely persuaded not to put them on dinner table along with the ground...
....................................................

That day we ate dinner, listened to the rain and the howling wind, and wondered if we would be blown away like Ellie's house from The Wizard of Oz.
And they imagined how a courageous slug, obeying instinct, makes its way to the ground along a steep concrete wall at the risk of falling off and breaking. Just like a climber. Still, it is interesting, purely mathematically, for how long can a slug descend from a 25-story building? Per day? For two? During the week?

And then, already falling asleep, I figured out how much was left before buying the formicarium, and my thoughts were already confused, and for some reason I imagined the epilogue of "One Hundred Years of Solitude", where the ants were so huge that they dragged the child away, and all this happened right before the hurricane that destroyed Macondo. These huge ants were intertwined in my mind with quotes from the Civil Code and the circumstances of tomorrow's court cases, and it was a little scary.

God, if only the fish didn’t cry yet, I thought preoccupiedly before falling asleep ...

And in the morning, when my mind brightened, I thought to myself that since they all live here, then you can observe them and draw conclusions.
Because they are not just close to nature.
They are nature itself.
And if you think like that, then perhaps you can learn from a slug to follow instincts, and from a turtle - a reckless struggle for life ...

And the worms ... I thought for a long time what can I learn from the worms.
After all, at first glance, they are completely useless and uninteresting creatures.
And then, watching how my son takes care of them, I finally realized what I could learn from them, and made an absolutely philosophical conclusion.
You can learn acceptance from worms. The fact that for someone you can be needed, important and attractive, even if you are not something special, but just a worm.

Details Directory folios

Having bought tickets from Donetsk http://www.vikatour.com.ua/ to Egypt, you will learn a lot of new things from the life of local people and animals. Find out, for example, why turtles cry.
And for tears, turtles have very good reasons: no animal has to endure so much torment. True, in relation to one turtle - Caretta - the previous phrase could be written in the past tense. Chemistry saved her from pain. This is not an exaggeration or a joke. Here are the facts. Previously, combs, cigarette cases and trinkets were made from the shell of a sea turtle. And for every knick-knack, the carriage, or, as it is also called, the bissa, paid with torture. The stratum corneum covering its bone shell is difficult to separate with a chisel or chisel. But horny plates are easy to get if the turtle is scalded with boiling water. The plates fall off the shell and under the influence of molten turtle fat. In this case, the turtle was hung over a fire and roasted until everything that was possible was torn off from it. Turtles, to their misfortune, are unusually hardy - they did not die
from such pain. They were again allowed into the sea, and the stratum corneum on the shell was largely restored. Sometimes the same individual had to endure several tortures.
Thanks to chemistry, now scallops are made of plastic, and turtles do not have to shed tears over the fire. But green turtles, from which the most delicious turtle soup is prepared, are tortured, almost as before. In the markets of tropical countries, sellers do not kill a huge turtle, but tear off part of its shell and cut off the piece from the living body that the buyer points to. Gourmets see how a naked heart beats - it is sold last. If there are few buyers, then the heart beats for several days.
So maybe turtle mothers, laying eggs once a year, drop large tears on the sand because they feel sorry for their children, for whom fate has prepared so many horrors? It is unlikely that now it has been found out for certain that turtles cry all year round. Yes, and hard times for little turtles begin much earlier than they attract the attention of the two-legged ruler of the planet. Even in the embryo of turtles, cats, raccoons, dogs and pigs destroy. They dig up and eat the eggs. And nine out of ten newborn reptiles will be killed by birds, fish and crabs.
In order to cry, you need to have strength, you need to eat and drink properly. At least this is the case with turtles. Moreover, after drinking sea water, they cannot help but cry. Nature in many ways bypassed the turtles, she did not give them sweat glands. But on the other hand, evolution packed turtles into monolithic armor, and not into some kind of colander, and instead of holes in the skin, endowed them with a special salt gland, which removes excess salts from body tissues. The excretory duct of this gland is located in the corner of the turtle's eyes. So turtles cry not from resentment at their fate, but for the most prosaic reason - they sweat with their eyes.
S. STARIKOVYCH

Created on 02 March 2013

Amaryllis family. Homeland - South Africa. In nature, there are about 100 species. Crinum chic flowering plant more suitable for growing in greenhouses and conservatories than in apartments. Not only because the plants reach huge sizes, the main reason is the need for cold wintering. They usually bloom in July - September. The krinum does not lose leaves during the dormant period and does not tolerate pruning of leaves.

Crinum MuraCrinum moorei- perennial bulbous plant. The bulb is about 15 cm in diameter, spherical in shape, half immersed in the substrate. The leaves are belt-shaped, light green in color, with a closed sheath, forming a false stem. Leaves about 70 cm long. Peduncle up to 50 cm long, umbellate inflorescence of 6-12 flowers. Perianths are bell-shaped, with petals pointed at the end, about 8 cm in diameter, pink or white.

Crinum PowellCrinum powellii- perennial bulbous plant. The bulb is about 20 cm in diameter, spherical in shape, half immersed in the substrate. The leaves are belt-shaped, light green in color, up to 1 m long, with a closed sheath, forming a rosette. Peduncle up to 1 m long, umbellate inflorescence of 6-12 flowers. Perianths are bell-shaped, with petals pointed at the end, up to 15 cm in diameter, bright pink, red and white.

CARE TIPS

Temperature: During the growing season, optimally 17-20 ° C. During the dormant period, they are kept at 8-10 ° C in dryness.

Lighting: Bright diffused light. Shade out of direct sunlight.

Watering: Abundant during flowering - the soil should be moist all the time. However, avoid waterlogging, krinum, like all amaryllis, is sensitive to excess moisture. During the dormant period, watering is practically stopped, or rather, watered very rarely so that the fleshy roots do not dry out completely.

Fertilizer: Once every two weeks with liquid fertilizer for flowering houseplants, diluted at the concentration recommended by the manufacturer. Top dressing begins as soon as young leaves appear and ends with the last flowers withering.

Air humidity: In summer, the leaves are periodically sprayed and wiped with a damp sponge.

Transfer: Approximately once every 3-4 years, during the dormant period. Soil from 2 parts of clay-turf, 1 part of leafy soil, 1 part of humus, 1 part of peat and 1 part of sand. Add pieces of birch charcoal to the soil. The largest container for planting is chosen; for adult plants, these are usually tubs.

Reproduction: Daughter bulbs in the summer. When separating the bulbs, try not to damage the roots. Sections are treated with crushed coal. Young plants bloom only for 3-4 years.