November pear: how to get fruits for the New Year's table. How to grow a November pear Variety of November pear reviews
Pear has more than fifty species, each differs in taste, aroma, agricultural technology. Consider one of the outstanding varieties of "melting" tender pear - Noyabrskaya, which can be grown in the garden of almost any region of Russia.
Description pear variety Noyabrskaya
Pear Noyabrskaya is a reference variety. Such an assessment means that perfection has been achieved in almost all characteristics. Noyabrskaya was bred by A.V. Bolonyaev in 1950 by crossing two popular varieties: Ussuriyskaya and Dekanka Zimnyaya.
The “parents” of the Noyabrskaya pear were distinguished by many positive qualities, but both varieties also had significant drawbacks that were blocked by crossing.
Appearance, description, characteristics of fruits
The tree of this variety has a significant height - the maximum growth of an adult plant is about 3–3.5 m. The crown is formed in the form of a pyramid or takes on a rounded-elongated shape. Powerful skeletal branches depart from the trunk at a right angle, creating a large growth radius.
A distinctive feature of the Noyabrskaya was excellent winter hardiness. This variety does not freeze even at -40 0 C. Noyabrskaya is zoned in the Far East region, but grows well throughout Russia. A nice bonus is that a cold-tolerant variety will produce even more yields in warm climates.
The leaves are bright, juicy green in color, slightly larger than average (5–8 cm), rather dense, thick, elongated or rounded, smooth, with a pronounced capillary pattern and thick veins on the reverse side.
Pear Noyabrskaya ripens at the end of September. Fruit can be harvested earlier, especially in areas with a sharply continental climate, so that the fruits do not freeze. They ripen already at home. In the southern regions, you can harvest much later, at the end of November. The fruits are quite strong, hold well on the tree, even heavy rains are not able to damage or knock down pears.
Pear Noyabrskaya has medium-sized fruits, their average weight is about 70 g (in rare cases up to 120 g). The shape of the fruit resembles a drop, the surface is slightly ribbed, furrowed. The fruits are not equilateral. At technical maturity, pears turn green with a reddish-burgundy blush. In late biological maturity, they turn yellow. Dark small dots are clearly visible on the skin. The stalk is well developed, it is strong, thick, dark brown in color.
Pears can be eaten a month after they have reached their technical maturity on the tree. This is the stage when the fruits can already be eaten, they have a pleasant taste and aroma. There is also biological ripeness - the time when the seeds ripen in the fruits. It is during the biological maturity that Noyabrskaya has the brightest taste and aroma.
The taste of November is sweet, with a slight hint of sourness. The pulp is loose, juicy, with grains. On a 5-point scale, the pear received 4.8 points.
The pear of the Noyabrskaya variety should not be confused with the Noyabrskaya Moldova (Xena) variety. The latter was bred by another breeder, has different characteristics: it is not winter-hardy, the form differs from the November one in a more elongated body with bends, the fruit weight is from 240 to 300 g.
Video: distinctive features of the pear variety Noyabrskaya
Table: advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Landing features
The implementation of planting rules affects the quality and quantity of the crop.
Site preparation
For a pear, you need to choose a sunny place without drafts. Any fruit tree is very difficult to take root in heavily blown places. It is best to plant a pear on the south side of the site, behind buildings or other trees.
Pear loves sunny places
It is extremely important for a pear to receive water at a depth of more than 1 m. This fruit tree is moisture-loving, but does not like stagnant swampy places. Planting in elevated areas will help to avoid washing out the roots with close groundwater with a strong flow.
As pollinators for Noyabrskaya are such varieties as Williams summer, Hoverla, Klappa's Favorite, Conference.
Landing: step by step process
A pit for a fruit tree must be prepared in advance (for autumn planting - a month in advance, for spring planting - in autumn).
- Having dug a hole about 70–80 cm deep, add a mixture of fertilized soil, drainage and superphosphate (120 g), potash fertilizer (it can be wood ash without impurities) there.
If the site is wet, drainage is placed at the bottom of the pit - expanded clay or pebbles
- In the middle of the excavated pit, a peg is placed to which the seedling is tied.
- Do not forget that the first bud (root neck) should be 2-3 cm above the soil level.
The root neck of the seedling should be slightly above ground level.
- A tree is placed on a mound of drainage and earth and they begin to carefully dig in the earth. Do not forget to straighten all the roots before instillation. You need to sprinkle evenly, gently tamping the soil with your hand.
- Make a furrow around the seedling to water it. Approximately 20-30 liters of water are used per hole.
Pear seedlings are watered with 20-30 liters of water
- Now you need to mulch the hole. Peat or compost is ideal. Mulch retains moisture perfectly, which will protect a still weak tree from drying out.
- After each watering (and for the first season this must be done up to 4 times), it is necessary to loosen the soil of the near-stem circle so that the root system receives enough oxygen.
Video: planting a pear seedling
Pear care: description and photo
Each fruit tree needs to be properly cared for, even if it is an ideal and unpretentious variety.
Watering
The pear is very responsive to maintaining a constant low moisture in the soil. The best way to keep water in the ground is mulching.
As a method of watering, sprinkling is a separate item. This is easy to do with a spray nozzle. With this method, the tree receives water, as in natural conditions, while the leaves and branches are moistened and washed. The procedure is carried out strictly in the early hours of the morning, in the evening or in cloudy weather, when the sun will not burn the moist foliage and bark.
During the season, 2-3 high-quality waterings are done. After each, loosening is performed. The approximate amount of water per 1 m 2 is 3-4 buckets. Every year, fruit-bearing shoots, foliage and roots require more moisture. If you notice that the buds, flower stalks or foliage are starting to dry and fall off, increase watering immediately.
top dressing
Pear is very fond of root dressing. It is necessary to constantly ensure the supply of nutrients, then the tree will answer you with a rich and stable harvest.
Spring dressings:
- Apply saltpeter (30 g per 1 m 2) during bud swelling in early spring. Can be diluted with water (1:50) or poured into the soil in a dry form.
- Urea (120 g per tree) is also introduced in early spring, during the period of bud swelling. Diluted with 5 liters of water or applied dry.
- After flowering, add organic matter or nitroammophosphate. About 3 buckets of working solution (1 kg per 200 liters of water) is enough for one pear.
Autumn dressings:
- 2 liters of urea (working solution 50 g per 10 liters of water) is applied every 2 weeks in the fall (in early September, etc.). It is good to alternate such a fertilizer with potash and phosphorus.
- After picking the fruit, you need to feed the tree with minerals: potassium chloride and superphosphate granules (both drugs are diluted as follows: 50 g per 10 liters of water). Cover the halo in 1 m 2.
- For digging, 200 g of ash per 1 m 2 are added.
During autumn digging, pears bring ash into the near-trunk circle
pruning
The first pear pruning is carried out after planting a seedling. In this case, the central trunk is cut off at a height of 0.5 m. Thus, you form the correct crown with further growth.
Attention! Pruning of the central conductor up to 50 cm is carried out if you have purchased an annual seedling.
Formative pruning
For pears, two types of pruning are used: sparse-tiered and free-growing palmette.
- In the first case, we form 8–10 skeletal branches using tiers, on which 2–3 branches are located. Such pruning helps to give the tree a well-groomed appearance, to facilitate harvesting.
- The second pruning method is intended for the active formation of the main trunk and its lateral skeletal branches located singly. The rest of the branches grow with little or no interference.
A two-year-old seedling is pruned taking into account the already formed and fairly abundant skeletal branches. By this age there are about 8 of them. Half are left, so that the branches are equidistant from each other.
Formative pruning should be done in the spring, before sap flow.
Sanitary pruning
The time for sanitary pruning is in the middle of autumn, before the cold weather. The main thing is that the tree at this point has already thrown off the foliage, which will allow you to easily see the extra and damaged branches, as well as the overgrown areas of the crown.
Do not sanitary pruning too late. It is necessary to leave time before the cold weather so that wounds from mechanical stress can heal. It will be great if you cover the cuts with garden pitch, and for more peace of mind, also insulate the tree from below with a warm rag or agrofibre. The fact is that the trimmed tree must be protected from other aggressive factors. This is required for the full recovery of the plant.
When sanitary pruning of fruit crops, you need to keep in mind the percentage of removal of old, unnecessary, interfering branches. They should not be more than 1/4 of the entire crown.
Pear trees with a fairly solid age (more than 10 years) need to be pruned annually. Often their crown is very dense, which negatively affects the quality and quantity of the crop.
Preparing for winter
Variety Noyabrskaya does not require any serious efforts to prepare for wintering. Shelter in the form of wrapping with agrofibre is necessary for young seedlings or trees cut in autumn.
Whitewash
To prevent pests and sunburn, the trunk and main branches are whitened with a solution of lime (10 liters of water per 1 kg of lime). 100 g of copper sulfate, a little PVA glue for a dense and viscous coating, as well as natural yellow clay pre-soaked in warm water are added to such a solution. Whitening must be done carefully so that not a single crevice or crack remains for the pest.
Diseases and pests of the variety
Consider November disease and pests characteristic of the pear, as well as ways to deal with them.
Table: pests and diseases of pear November
| Diseases/Pests | signs | Control measures | Periodicity |
| Black cancer ("Antonov fire") | Black spots grow, which at first had a red color. They attack the whole tree. Over time, the bark completely moves away from the trunk and branches. The pear is dying. | Infected places on the trunk and central branches must be carefully cut and treated with a 2% solution of copper sulfate (50 g per 5 liters of water), be sure to cover with garden pitch after drying. | Immediately after discovery. |
| Cytosporosis | The bark acquires a burgundy-red hue and cracks. |
| When the first signs of illness appear. |
| green aphid | The leaves curl up, dry, acquire an unhealthy color and appearance. Shoots slow down in growth. |
| Treat until leaf buds bloom. |
| pear codling moth | The fruits are gnawed through, visible through passages in the fruit. |
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| Pear sucker or leaf blotch | The pouring buds and foliage do not have time to open, massively fall off and shrivel. The fruits become tasteless. |
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Harvesting
The fruits appear in the third, sometimes in the second year after planting a mature (biennial) seedling with a developed root system. Compared to other popular autumn varieties, this fruiting period is considered very early. The annual average figure for harvesting for the Noyabrskaya variety is 70 c/ha.
Pears lie for a long time, they can be stored until the winter months. In the freezer, the fruits can lie until spring. Of course, their juiciness and taste undergo changes, but in general, the fruit remains healthy and tasty. You can make excellent jams, jams and marmalades from pears, preserve them whole, dry them, cook compotes.
Due to the high content of fructose (which is very good for health, in particular for the pancreas), the fruits of Noyabrskaya practically do not need to add sugar during processing.
Pear "Noyabrskaya" is widely known throughout Russia. Among breeders, this variety is called the "reference". This means that perfection has been achieved in almost all possible characteristics.
Characteristics of the pear variety
Previously, the pear was considered a southern tree and the cultivation of this crop was possible only in regions with a warm climate. But thanks to the long-term and painstaking work of breeders, the situation has changed radically.
"Noyabrskaya" was obtained by crossing two completely imperfect varieties "Dekanka Zimnyaya" and "Ussuriyskaya". But the result of pollination exceeded all expectations, the variety turned out to be very hardy and winter-hardy. Thanks to these qualities, Noyabrskaya grows well and produces crops throughout Russia, including regions with difficult climatic conditions, such as Primorye and the Far East.
In terms of ripening pear "Noyabrskaya" is included in the group of late autumn varieties. Removable fruit maturity occurs, depending on the region, at the end of September-mid-October. 30-40 days after harvest, the fruits are fully ripe and ready to eat.
plant description
The trees of the "Noyabrskaya" are tall. At the age of ten, their height is 3-3.5 meters. The crown can take the form of a wide pyramid or rounded. The main branches are of impressive size and are located almost at an angle of 90 degrees to the trunk, from which the crown has a very large radius. The tendency to shoot formation and branching of the tree is pronounced. The color of young branches is green with a burgundy tint. Medium-sized leaves are dense to the touch, have the shape of a regular oval with barely noticeable teeth. The upper part of the leaf plate is painted dark green, and the lower part is almost white with a green tint.
A feature of the trees of this variety is their unique winter hardiness. At temperatures down to -40 degrees, the trees do not freeze and tolerate wintering well. At lower temperatures, damage can be, but minimal, after which the pear quickly grows lost shoots.
Pear trees "Noyabrskaya" come into fruition from the age of four. But abundant harvests of fruits can only be obtained from seven-year-old trees.
Should know!"Noyabrskaya" refers to self-fertile varieties. It cannot pollinate on its own, therefore, within a radius of forty meters, such pears as Oktyabrskaya, Goverla, Williams Summer should grow.
Features of fruits and their application
The fruits of "Noyabrskaya" have an elongated pear-shaped, often ribbed shape. The weight of the fruit depends on the region where the variety is grown. So, in favorable climatic conditions, fruits are poured up to 380 grams, and in regions with cold and short summers, the weight of one pear does not exceed 80 grams. Unripe fruits have a classic green color, and after a month and a half after picking, they acquire a yellowish tint with a slight blush on the sunny side, which indicates their ripeness.
Taste characteristics of "Noyabrskaya" are estimated as high. The snow-white pulp has a juicy, oily texture and has a bright sweet and sour taste.
Pears of this variety have a universal purpose. After reaching consumer maturity, they are excellent for consumption in their natural form. Despite the delicate structure, they perfectly retain their characteristics in jams, compotes and other preparations. The ability to store well allows you to enjoy vitamin fruits until the New Year holidays.
The yield of the variety is high and regular. From one mature tree, gardeners annually receive more than 60 kg of fruit. With mass plantings in industrial gardens, the figures range from 70 to 110 centners per hectare, depending on the region of cultivation.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Pear variety "Noyabrskaya" has a number of advantages. We list the main ones:
No significant deficiencies were noted in the variety.
Agricultural technology varieties
In order for seedlings to quickly take root and for many decades to please the harvest, it is necessary to choose the right planting material, time and place for planting, and of course, follow the elementary principles of planting.
The best time for planting is the month of September. In extreme cases, a pear can be planted in the spring, without waiting for the trees to begin growing.
When choosing a seedling, the following recommendations should be followed:
- A young pear should be purchased only at a specialized outlet, and preferably from a nursery "from the ground."
- Externally, the roots, trunk and branches of the seedling should not have mechanical damage and signs of disease.
- There should be no loose leaves on the shoots.
- The seedling must have a moisture-resistant tag indicating the variety "Noyabrskaya" and age.
It is important to put "Noyabrskaya" in the right place. Landing site requirements:
- The place should be high and dry. When landing on low-lying areas, an artificial embankment is made.
- Groundwater should lie no higher than 2.5 meters from the surface of the earth.
- The soil should be loose and well seasoned. It is not permissible to plant a pear in a place where other fruit trees used to grow.
- When planting, the distance to the nearest trees should be 4.5 meters. To berry bushes and buildings 3.5 meters.
A landing pit 0.8 meters wide and 0.7 meters deep is dug at the selected location. At the bottom of the pit, to prevent stagnant water, lay out broken bricks or gravel. Fertile soil filled with fertilizers is poured over the drainage layer. It will be possible to start planting in 2-3 months, when the soil settles well and the fertilizers are completely dissolved. 
The direct planting of the November pear does not differ from the usual method, suitable for all fruit trees.
Advice! If the groundwater is very high on the site, you can get out of the situation in the following way: the landing pit is dug to a depth of about 1-1.2 meters and at least 1.5 meters wide and a tin sheet is laid out on its bottom. Thus, it is possible to direct the growth of the root system not down towards the water, but to the sides. This will save the pear from inevitable death.
Care rules
Caring for trees of this variety is not difficult. The pear is so unpretentious that it will grow and bear fruit without human intervention. But in order to get larger fruits and bountiful harvests, it is necessary to provide the tree with proper care.
watering
"Noyabrskaya" loves when the trunk circle is wet. Therefore, with a long absence of precipitation, pears are watered. To keep moisture in the soil longer, it is mulched. Watering is carried out in the morning or evening hours. Water consumption rate: 6-7 buckets per square meter.
top dressing
Fertilizing every year will help keep pear yields high for years to come. In the spring, during the beginning of sap flow, saltpeter or urea is scattered around the trunk circle. After the pear has faded, it is fed with organic fertilizers or nitroamophos. The last time fertilizers are applied after harvest. During this period, Noyabrskaya needs phosphorus-potassium fertilizers the most.
pruning
Young trees actively form new shoots. In adult pears, this process slows down somewhat, but despite this, November pruning is carried out annually, starting from the first year of planting. In late February-early March, when the temperature reaches -8 degrees, pruning is carried out in order to form a pear crown. For this, branches are removed that thicken the crown of the tree and grow too close to each other. In order to rejuvenate at the same time, the skeletal branches and trunk are shortened by a third of the length. This stimulates the growth of new fruiting shoots. In autumn, after leaf fall, dried and damaged branches are removed. 
Protection against diseases and pests
The variety has excellent immunity to the most dangerous diseases characteristic of a pear, such as: scab, bacterial burn.
From insects, aphids and pear codling moth can attack a fruit tree. To prevent the tree from attack, as well as to destroy the larvae of pests, they are treated with special preparations in early spring and late autumn.
Preparing for the winter season
As preparation for the winter season, the pear "Noyabrskaya" carry out the following activities:
Harvest and storage
The pear harvest of the Noyabrskaya variety is started no earlier than mid-September. For collection choose a dry and warm day. Remove the fruits first from the lower branches, gradually moving to the crown. It is advisable to immediately put the fruit in the container in which they will be stored. In no case should the collected fruits be left in the sun, they must be immediately moved to storage. In cellars and cellars at temperatures from +2 to +4, fruits are perfectly stored for three months. In the future, pears lose their juiciness, become wadded and tasteless. Therefore, before the expiration of the shelf life, they must be eaten or processed.
Advice! So that during the harvest the pears do not fall to the ground, under the tree, having previously installed temporary supports, they stretch the nylon mesh. All fallen pears will fall into such a cradle and remain clean and not beaten.
The variety is considered a reference not only among scientists-breeders, but also among summer residents. Due to the combination of a large number of advantages and the absence of disadvantages, Noyabrskaya has been a leader among late autumn varieties for more than seventy years. This variety of pear deserves to take pride of place in any garden plot.
Pear Noyabrskaya - almost a reference European variety with Moldovan roots. It is popular in Poland, Holland, Belgium, Moldova, Ukraine. In Russia, this pear began distribution in 2014.
Variety Description
There are two pears of the Noyabrskaya variety, which are "namesake". The first was received in the 50s of the last century by the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture and was entered into the State Register in 1974 for the Far Eastern Region. This variety was the result of crossing the Ussuri pear with Dekanka winter. It has certain advantages - relative winter hardiness in its region, resistance to scab, high (64-174 kg / ha) and annual yields. Fertility at the level of 3-4 years. The taste of fruits is sweet and sour, good. Lightness and transportability are high. Ripening occurs in September, and consumer maturity is reached in October - November. The fruits can be stored until the end of December. But due to a significant drawback - the mediocre presentation of small fruits (65 g) - the variety did not gain popularity.
The Far Eastern version of the November pear has small fruits
The second pear of the Noyabrskaya variety was obtained in Moldova by the breeder Ksenia Dushutina. This was done by crossing the varieties Triumph of Vienna (large-fruited French variety) and Nikolai Kruger (ancient Romanian frost-resistant, large-fruited, productive variety). November is popular in Ukraine, Russia, Europe. It has been grown on an industrial scale in Poland for over 20 years. The general license for growing seedlings of this pear is owned by the Dutch fruit nursery "Van Rhein de Bruin". In the European Union, the November pear is registered under the name of its author - Xenia, in addition, the variety has many more unofficial names - November winter, November late, Novembra, Oksana, Nojabrskaja, Novemberbirne.
When in 2014, at the request of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (Crimea), it was decided to add the variety that had gained popularity to the State Register of Russia, they found that such a name already exists. They found a way out quickly - the variety was given the name Noyabrskaya Moldavia and zoned in the North Caucasus region.
Gardeners are interested in the second of the "namesake".
The tree of the variety is medium-sized, the crown is narrow-pyramidal, of medium density. Like many industrial pears, it is grafted onto wild pears and quince. In the first case, the tree is taller and more winter-hardy. It enters fruiting on the 4-5th year after planting. Grafted on quince, the pear has a smaller growth, which allows it to be grown on a trellis. And fruiting in this case occurs earlier - in the 3rd year. The lower yield of a tree on a quince rootstock is compensated by a higher planting density. With the right technology, it consistently brings up to 40–50 t / ha of fruits per year. Blooms in May. For pollination, the Williams summer variety is most often used. Variety Noyabrskaya (Xenia) has high frost resistance in places of industrial cultivation, as well as immunity to scab and bacterial burn. It is stronger than the Conference variety, it is affected by mites, but is less susceptible to attack by psyllids (pear suckers).
Pear November has a low tree with a pyramidal, spreading crown
The fruits are elongated, large. The average size is 300-400 g (200 g is indicated in the State Register, but most sources say more weight), the maximum is 600 g. The harvest takes place in early October, and the pears are ready for eating in early November. Peak demand - for the New Year. The skin of the pear is dense, light green in color with small subcutaneous dots. Ripened fruits acquire a pale yellow color with a slight blush. The pulp is juicy, tender, oily, aromatic. It has a great refreshing, sweet and sour taste. Tasting score - 4.8 points. In the refrigerator, the pear can be stored until April without loss of consumer properties. Before use, it should be kept at room temperature for a week to fully reveal the taste.
The fruits of pear Noyabrskaya reach a mass of 300-400 g or more
Video: November pear review
Planting pear varieties Noyabrskaya
The conditions for planting the November pear must meet the standard requirements for this crop:
- a small southern or southwestern slope, protected from cold northern winds;
- sunny, unshaded place;
- lack of stagnant water, deep groundwater;
- loose, drained soils with an acidity of pH 5.0-6.5.
The distance between neighboring plants in group planting is 3 m, between rows - 4 m. It is possible to grow on trellises, in this case plantings are compacted up to 2 m in a row and up to 3 m between rows.
In warm regions, pears can be planted both in spring and autumn. It is important that at the time of planting there is no sap flow and the seedlings are in a dormant state. When planting in autumn, it is advisable to cover the plants with spunbond for the first winter in order to avoid possible frost damage. In industrial gardens, two-year-old seedlings are usually planted.
If plants with a closed root system are purchased, then the age may be large, and they can be planted from April to October.
When growing pears on a trellis, the support must be installed in advance. For this, metal or reinforced concrete poles are used, installed at a distance of 4-5 m from each other. Their height above ground level should be within 3-3.5 m. Several rows of galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 4-5 mm are pulled between the posts with an interval of 40-50 cm.
Boarding process:
- About a month before the planned planting, a landing pit should be prepared, the depth and diameter of which is about 80 cm. During spring planting, the pit is dug in the fall. In the case of heavy soils, drainage should be arranged by laying a 10-cm layer of crushed stone or broken bricks on the bottom.
For drainage, a layer of crushed stone or broken brick is laid at the bottom of the pit.
- The pit is filled to the top with a composition of equal parts of humus, black soil, peat and sand with the addition of 300-400 g of superphosphate and 3-4 liters of wood ash.
- The roots of seedlings with an open root system are soaked in water for several hours before planting. It would be nice if you add growth stimulants to the water, for example, Epin, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, etc.
- A hole is formed in the pit with a mound in the center. A peg 1-1.3 m high from the ground is driven in 10-15 cm from the center. If a trellis is used, then there is no need for a peg.
- A seedling is planted in a hole with a root neck on top of a mound. They fall asleep with earth, gently compacting it in layers. At this time, you need to ensure that, as a result of planting, the root collar is at the level of the soil.
The root neck of the seedling should be at the level of the soil
- Tie the tree to a peg or trellis with elastic material. In this case, you need to ensure that the trunk is not transferred.
- Form a near-stem circle with a chopper or flat cutter and water the soil abundantly. After that, air sinuses should not remain in the root zone.
- After 2-3 days, the soil must be loosened and mulched with hay, humus, rotted sawdust, etc.
- The central conductor should be cut to a height of 60-80 cm, and the branches shortened by 50%.
Features of cultivation and subtleties of care
The November pear needs regular and abundant watering, as it does not tolerate drought well. If the gardener leaves it to its fate, then the result will be small, hard fruits. And with a deficiency of nutrients, the ovaries can crumble.
watering
During the season, as a rule, you have to water the November pear from 5 to 10 times. Of course, the frequency of watering depends on the amount of rainfall and the humidity of the site. Excessive waterlogging will also not be beneficial - you should not maintain a "swamp" in the trunk circle.
To determine the need for watering, a simple test is carried out. From the trunk circle, you need to take a handful of earth, squeeze it into a lump and throw it from a height of 1 m. If as a result the lump crumbles, the tree should be watered. If the lump remains intact, there is enough moisture in the soil.
After watering, the soil must be loosened to ensure oxygen access to the root zone. You can reduce the amount of watering and loosening by using mulching of the tree trunks. For group plantings, especially when grown on trellises, it is advisable to use drip irrigation systems.
For group plantings, it is advisable to use drip irrigation systems
top dressing
Large crops of large fruits require a significant amount of nutrients. In the first 3-4 years, while fruiting has not yet begun, the tree has enough fertilizer placed in the planting hole. In the future, you need to regularly feed according to the following scheme:
- Once every 2–3 years in spring or autumn, organic fertilizers are applied for digging. It can be humus, compost or peat. They are used at the rate of 5-7 kg / m 2.
- Every spring, mineral nitrogen-containing fertilizers should be applied, which contribute to good growth of young shoots. It can be urea, ammonium nitrate, nitroammophoska. They are also brought in for digging at 30-40 g/m 2 .
- During the flowering period, you can treat the crown with a solution of 2 g of boric acid in 10 liters of water. This contributes to an increase in the number of ovaries.
In Europe, gibberellins are successfully used for such purposes - drugs that stimulate the formation of ovaries, an increase in the mass of fruits. The pear variety Noyabrskaya responds well to the use of gibberellins.
- After flowering, you need to feed the tree 1-2 times with potash fertilizers, after dissolving them in water. For these purposes, potassium monophosphate or potassium sulfate is used at the rate of 10-20 g / m 2.
- In the summer, during the period of fruit growth, liquid organic fertilizers help well. They are prepared by soaking mullein in water (concentration 2:10), bird droppings (1:10) or fresh grass (5-7 kg per 10 liters of water). Before use, the concentrated infusion is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 and the tree trunks are watered, spending one bucket per 1 m 2.
- In autumn, it is necessary to apply superphosphate for digging in the amount of 30-40 g / m 2.
- The necessary trace elements are applied as part of complex fertilizers, following the instructions in the attached instructions.
trimmings
Without proper crown formation, it will not be possible to achieve high yields. Since the November pear has a small stature, a bowl-shaped crown is perfect for it. Such pruning is possible even for a novice gardener.
Formation of the crown according to the type of bowl
The advantages of this form are: ease of care and harvesting, the creation of good ventilation of the internal volume and its illumination. The disadvantages include increased growth of shoots that thicken the crown, which will require annual regulatory pruning. Formative pruning is carried out in early spring before the start of sap flow in the first 4-5 years of the tree's life.
For the November pear, crown shaping is suitable for the type of bowl
This form is used when growing pears on a trellis. For fruiting, 10-12 skeletal branches are chosen, located in the same plane. They are tied to the wires of the trellis, and the overgrown fruit-bearing branches are left to grow freely. In order to prevent thickening, they are thinned out so that the remaining shoots are at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.
The shape of the palmette-shaped crown is ideal for growing pears on a trellis.
All unnecessary and competing shoots are cut to the base with a “ring” technique.
Shoots are cut to the base with a “ring” technique
Regulatory trim
This operation is carried out in early spring in order to adjust the density of the crown by removing shoots growing inward. This procedure should be reasonably approached and excessive thinning should not be allowed, as this leads to some loss of yield.
Supportive pruning
It is carried out in order to maintain consistently high yields. It consists in the so-called chasing of young shoots, which is carried out in the first half of summer by shortening them by 5-10 cm. This provokes the fouling of shoots with fruit twigs. Subsequently, flower buds are laid on them. Recently, experienced gardeners have been using the replacement pruning method to maintain the crop. This method is successfully used by growers. It is somewhat more complicated than regular coinage, but gives excellent results.
Recently, experienced gardeners have been using the replacement pruning method to maintain the crop.
Sanitary pruning
It is important to keep the tree healthy. It is carried out in late autumn, removing dried, broken, diseased branches. Sometimes it is necessary to carry out the procedure also in early spring.
Harvest and storage
It is very important to choose the right time to harvest. The duration of subsequent storage and the quality of the fruit depend on this. In the conditions of industrial cultivation, the moment of fruit picking is determined using laboratory methods - the density of the pulp is determined, the percentage of dry soluble substances is measured, and the iodine-starch test is taken. It is clear that this is not available to the average gardener. Therefore, you should rely on your experience, the recommendations of neighbors - by trial and error, you can determine the optimal timing for the start of harvesting. It is better to store fruits in low, ventilated boxes in one row. It will be ideal if the boxes are placed in the basement with an air temperature in the range of 2-5 ° C.
It is better to store fruits in low, ventilated boxes in one row.
Diseases and pests
Do not allow pear infection with diseases, as well as pest attacks. It is easier to prevent such troubles than to deal with them later.
Prevention
A diligent and experienced gardener always regularly performs preventive and sanitary work:
- The garden is cleaned every autumn. After the end of leaf fall, fallen leaves, weeds, branches left after sanitary pruning are raked into heaps. They burn them, and the ashes are used to fertilize various crops. At the same time, fungal spores, beetles, mites and other pests that can winter in this garbage are destroyed.
- Examine the bark of trees. If cracks and other damage are found, it is necessary to clean such places to healthy wood, then treat with fungicides and cover with garden pitch.
- The trunks and thick branches of trees are whitewashed. To do this, use a solution of slaked lime, to which 3% copper sulfate and PVA glue are added. The latter will prevent the solution from being washed away by rain. This technique will help to avoid sunburn in winter.
Whitewash prevents sunburn of the bark
- Before the onset of the first frosts, they dig up the soil in the trunk circles on the bayonet of a shovel, while turning over the layers of the earth. As a result, pests wintering in it will be on the surface and die from frost.
- To enhance the effect at the same time, you can treat the soil and tree crowns with a 3% solution of copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture. The same treatment should be carried out in early spring.
- In addition, tree crowns are treated with potent broad-spectrum herbicides in early spring. DNOC preparations (used once every 3 years) and Nitrafen (used in the remaining years) have proven themselves well. Such treatments are preventive measures against almost all known diseases and pests.
- An effective measure against falling on the crown of trees of various insects - ants, weevils, caterpillars - is the installation of trapping belts on the trunks. They can be made from improvised materials - roofing material, films, burlap, etc.
The hunting belt can be made from improvised materials
- Before pear flowering, when moth butterflies begin to fly, the crown is treated with insecticides such as Decis and Fufanon. After flowering, 2-3 more treatments are carried out with an interval of 7-10 days with systemic insecticides of biological action, for example, Iskra Bio.
- And also after flowering, they begin preventive treatments with systemic fungicides to prevent fungal diseases. They are carried out regularly with an interval of 2-3 weeks. Such treatments are especially important in wet weather and after rains. Immediately before harvesting, preparations with a short waiting time are used, such as Skor, Horus, Quadris.
Possible diseases
The November pear is not immune to all diseases. They should be known.
Moniliosis (monilial burn)
The disease is caused by a fungus, the spores of which are usually introduced during flowering by bees and other insects. It affects flowers, leaves and shoots of pear, which as a result wither and turn black. From the side, the phenomenon looks like a burn. If such signs are found, the affected shoots should be immediately cut out along with a part of healthy wood and burned, and the tree should be treated with fungicides. In the summer, moniliosis affects the fruits with gray rot.
In summer, moniliosis causes gray rot of fruits.
Rust
This disease affects pears, near which there are juniper plantations. This is due to the peculiarities of the development of the pathogen fungus. The disease alternately passes from juniper to pear and vice versa. Spores are carried by the wind over a considerable distance (up to 50 km). At first, small spots of a greenish-yellow color appear on the affected leaves, which increase and become reddish-rusty by mid-summer. On the underside of the leaf, bulges are formed in the form of warts, inside of which there are spores of the fungus. Prophylactic treatments with fungicides prevent the problem.
Outgrowths form on the underside of a sheet affected by rust
sooty fungus
As a rule, infection with this fungus is preceded by the defeat of the pear by aphids. The sweet liquid released during the life of the aphid is a nutrient medium for the soot fungus. Excrement of the fungus appears on the leaves in the form of a black coating resembling soot. In addition to leaves, fruits can also be affected, which become unsuitable for food.
Excrement of the soot fungus appears on the leaves in the form of a black coating resembling soot.
Likely pests
There are some insects that are not averse to eating pear fruits and leaves.
Aphid
Small sucking insects feed on the juice of pear leaves. They get into the crown with the help of ants that love to feed on the sugary secretions of aphids. You can detect a pest when examining a tree. If leaves rolled into a tube are observed, there is probably an aphid inside. Such leaves should, if possible, be cut off and the tree treated with insecticides. In addition, there are many folk methods of dealing with this insect.
If leaves rolled into a tube are observed on a pear or apple tree, there is probably an aphid inside
pear codling moth
A small brownish butterfly flies in the spring and lays its eggs in the soil of tree trunks. Caterpillars crawl out of the eggs and climb the trunk to the crown of the tree, penetrate the fruits, gnawing holes in them. Damaged pears lose marketability, will not be stored, and may rot on the tree. Fighting is effective at the stage of butterflies. Caterpillars can be stopped with trapping belts and soil treatment with insecticides. If they have penetrated the fruits, it is pointless to fight.
Codling moth caterpillar pierces the fruit
pear flower beetle
A small beetle weevil that winters in the soil of tree trunks. In early spring, it rises to the surface, crawls onto the crown and eats out flower buds, after which it can feed on flowers, ovaries, tips of young shoots, and young leaves. In May, it lays eggs in the soil, from which larvae appear - the so-called beetles.
Flowers affected by the flower beetle dry up
The beetle is controlled by insecticide treatments. In cold weather, you can also shake off numb insects from the branches onto a fabric that has been spread under the tree in advance. In this state, flower beetles are at an air temperature of no higher than 5 ° C. They fight with Khrushchev by cultivating the soil with Diazinon. This is effective at the beginning of June. The drug acts for 3 weeks, after which it decomposes. It does not accumulate in soil and fruits.
One of the most favorite fruits after apples is the pear. Due to unpretentiousness in care and climatic resistance, the pear has become widespread. This fruit tree has a wide variety of varieties, one of which is the November pear. This pear has a number of characteristics that favorably distinguish it from the rest.
Pear Noyabrskaya has several names, namely it is also called Noyabrskaya Moldova or Winter. It is a reference variety. This species was bred as a result of crossing Dekanka Zimnyaya and Ussuriyskaya pears. This fruit tree has been known since 1950.
The tree grows quite tall, has a wide pyramidal and rounded crown. Skeletal branches grow from the trunk at an angle of 900. Dense branching is characteristic. Its shoots are greenish-burgundy in color, rather thick and cranked. Fruit formations develop on two- or three-year-old wood, they look like simple annelids or shortened twigs.
What this variety looks like can be seen in this photo.
The leaves are round or oval in shape, but dense and elongated. They are of medium size. Their edge is entire or finely serrated. The color of the leaf blade is different: it is dark green above and light green below. The omission is not typical.
Planting seedlings should be carried out in spring or autumn (but only before frost). During the first year, after planting, it does not need pruning. Light rejuvenation by pruning should be done once every two to four years. To increase the size and volume of fruiting, it is necessary to fertilize with potash fertilizers and a 0.4% solution of urea.
Fruiting begins from two to three years, after planting a seedling. But massively begins to bear fruit only in the fifth year. Characterized by a regular yield. It is annual and plentiful (about 70 c/ha on average). Fruits are formed in different sizes and their weight ranges from 70 to 360 g (the mass depends on the care and climatic features of the growing zone). Their shape is ovoid. Pears are unequal-sided and ribbed, as well as with deep grooves. The peel has a yellowish-green color with a characteristic burgundy blush, and numerous light brown dots are visible under the skin. It is thick in texture. When harvested, it has a greenish tinge, and when ripe it becomes pale yellow. Blush forms on the sunny side. The funnel is shallow and narrow. The upper base is blunt below and has a slight indentation. The bottom base is blunt, slightly uneven and has a cut-off appearance. The pear is divided by veins into unequal slices. The stalk is thick and curved, the length, like the width, is medium, has a dark brown color. The cup is narrow and small. Sepals sparse and narrow, directed to the sides. The flesh is white, oily and juicy. It has a pleasant aroma and a pronounced sweet and sour taste. In terms of taste, it is similar to the fruits of the Noyabrsk beauty pear.
It is considered a late autumn or early winter variety. Pears ripen in late September, October or early November. They do not fall even during the monsoon rains. The fruits become suitable for consumption in a month, after ripening. In a cool place they are able to lie until December-January, and in a freezer until the end of winter (there were cases when they were preserved until April). After defrosting, the taste is preserved. They make excellent jams, compotes, marmalade and dried fruits. Due to this, this variety has a lot of positive reviews.
Pears of this variety contain the following substances: sugars (10.8%), tannins (0.5%), titratable acids (0.9%), pectin substances (0.4%).
The November pear is characterized by precociousness. An excellent combination with quince rootstocks is described.
Pollinators for the November pear are Williams summer, Hoverla, Clapp's Favorite, Conference.
Pear Noyabrskaya has increased resistance to many fungal diseases and scab. The degree of immunity to bacterial burn is also very high. It is characterized by high winter hardiness, especially the root system. Winter hardiness is constant when growing on hills.
This fruit tree can be found in almost all EU countries, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia.
Video “Pear November”
In this video, you can clearly see the parameters and characteristics of this tree.
Advantages and disadvantages
Like any other variety of any fruit tree, the November pear has both advantages and disadvantages.
Gardening benefits include:
- excellent taste characteristics of fruits;
- well suited for various preservations;
- good yield;
- stability in fruiting;
- the yield is quite high;
- strong attachment of fruits;
- duration of storage of pears;
- during storage, positive taste qualities are preserved, as well as juiciness, elasticity;
- transportability;
- high frost resistance;
- high fire resistance.
In addition to such an inspiring list of positive advantages, the November pear has only minor disadvantages:
- fruits can be formed both large and small;
- the appearance of the pears is inexpressive.
Thanks to its excellent characteristics, the November pear is a very popular variety. And high winter hardiness and low susceptibility to fungal diseases will give odds to many other varieties.
Pear has more than fifty species, each differs in taste, aroma, agricultural technology. Consider one of the outstanding varieties of "melting" tender pear - Noyabrskaya, which can be grown in the garden of almost any region of Russia.
Description pear variety Noyabrskaya
Pear Noyabrskaya is a reference variety. Such an assessment means that perfection has been achieved in almost all characteristics. Noyabrskaya was bred by A.V. Bolonyaev in 1950 by crossing two popular varieties: Ussuriyskaya and Dekanka Zimnyaya.
The “parents” of the Noyabrskaya pear were distinguished by many positive qualities, but both varieties also had significant drawbacks that were blocked by crossing.
Appearance, description, characteristics of fruits
The tree of this variety has a significant height - the maximum growth of an adult plant is about 3–3.5 m. The crown is formed in the form of a pyramid or takes on a rounded-elongated shape. Powerful skeletal branches depart from the trunk at a right angle, creating a large growth radius.
A distinctive feature of the Noyabrskaya was excellent winter hardiness. This variety does not freeze even at -400C. Noyabrskaya is zoned in the Far East region, but grows well throughout Russia. A nice bonus is that a cold-tolerant variety will produce even more yields in warm climates.
Features of the variety: skeletal branches grow perpendicular to the trunk, and the stalk holds the fruit firmly on the branch
The leaves are bright, juicy green in color, slightly larger than average (5–8 cm), rather dense, thick, elongated or rounded, smooth, with a pronounced capillary pattern and thick veins on the reverse side.
November has smooth, dense leaves.
Pear Noyabrskaya ripens at the end of September. Fruit can be harvested earlier, especially in areas with a sharply continental climate, so that the fruits do not freeze. They ripen already at home. In the southern regions, you can harvest much later, at the end of November. The fruits are quite strong, hold well on the tree, even heavy rains are not able to damage or knock down pears.
Pear Noyabrskaya has medium-sized fruits, their average weight is about 70 g (in rare cases up to 120 g). The shape of the fruit resembles a drop, the surface is slightly ribbed, furrowed. The fruits are not equilateral.
At technical maturity, pears turn green with a reddish-burgundy blush. In late biological maturity, they turn yellow. Dark small dots are clearly visible on the skin.
The stalk is well developed, it is strong, thick, dark brown in color.
Pears can be eaten a month after they have reached their technical maturity on the tree. This is the stage when the fruits can already be eaten, they have a pleasant taste and aroma. There is also biological ripeness - the time when the seeds ripen in the fruits. It is during the biological maturity that Noyabrskaya has the brightest taste and aroma.
Pear Noyabrskaya in biological maturity acquires a yellow color
The taste of November is sweet, with a slight hint of sourness. The pulp is loose, juicy, with grains. On a 5-point scale, the pear received 4.8 points.
The pear of the Noyabrskaya variety should not be confused with the Noyabrskaya Moldova (Xena) variety. The latter was bred by another breeder, has different characteristics: it is not winter-hardy, the form differs from the November one in a more elongated body with bends, the fruit weight is from 240 to 300 g.
Noyabrskaya Moldova (Xena) outwardly clearly differs from the Noyabrskaya
: distinctive features of the pear variety Noyabrskaya
Table: advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The implementation of planting rules affects the quality and quantity of the crop.
Site preparation
For a pear, you need to choose a sunny place without drafts. Any fruit tree is very difficult to take root in heavily blown places. It is best to plant a pear on the south side of the site, behind buildings or other trees.
Pear loves sunny places
It is extremely important for a pear to receive water at a depth of more than 1 m. This fruit tree is moisture-loving, but does not like stagnant swampy places. Planting in elevated areas will help to avoid washing out the roots with close groundwater with a strong flow.
As pollinators for Noyabrskaya are such varieties as Williams summer, Hoverla, Klappa's Favorite, Conference.
Landing: step by step process
A pit for a fruit tree must be prepared in advance (for autumn planting - a month in advance, for spring planting - in autumn).
- Having dug a hole about 70–80 cm deep, add a mixture of fertilized soil, drainage and superphosphate (120 g), potash fertilizer (it can be wood ash without impurities) there.
If the site is wet, drainage is placed at the bottom of the pit - expanded clay or pebbles
- In the middle of the excavated pit, a peg is placed to which the seedling is tied.
- Do not forget that the first bud (root neck) should be 2-3 cm above the soil level.
The root neck of the seedling should be slightly above ground level.
- A tree is placed on a mound of drainage and earth and they begin to carefully dig in the earth. Do not forget to straighten all the roots before instillation. You need to sprinkle evenly, gently tamping the soil with your hand.
- Make a furrow around the seedling to water it. Approximately 20-30 liters of water are used per hole.
Pear seedlings are watered with 20-30 liters of water
- Now you need to mulch the hole. Peat or compost is ideal. Mulch retains moisture perfectly, which will protect a still weak tree from drying out.
- After each watering (and for the first season this must be done up to 4 times), it is necessary to loosen the soil of the near-stem circle so that the root system receives enough oxygen.
: planting a pear seedling
Pear care: description and photo
Each fruit tree needs to be properly cared for, even if it is an ideal and unpretentious variety.
Watering
The pear is very responsive to maintaining a constant low moisture in the soil. The best way to keep water in the ground is mulching.
A pear seedling can be watered with water from a hose, the main thing is not to blur the near-trunk circle
As a method of watering, sprinkling is a separate item. This is easy to do with a spray nozzle. With this method, the tree receives water, as in natural conditions, while the leaves and branches are moistened and washed. The procedure is carried out strictly in the early hours of the morning, in the evening or in cloudy weather, when the sun will not burn the moist foliage and bark.
Sprinkling of trees is carried out using special spray nozzles.
During the season, 2-3 high-quality waterings are done. After each, loosening is performed. The approximate amount of water per 1 m2 is 3–4 buckets. Every year, fruit-bearing shoots, foliage and roots require more moisture. If you notice that the buds, flower stalks or foliage are starting to dry and fall off, increase watering immediately.
top dressing
Pear is very fond of root dressing. It is necessary to constantly ensure the supply of nutrients, then the tree will answer you with a rich and stable harvest.
Spring dressings:
- Apply saltpeter (30 g per 1 m2) during bud swelling in early spring. Can be diluted with water (1:50) or poured into the soil in a dry form.
- Urea (120 g per tree) is also introduced in early spring, during the period of bud swelling. Diluted with 5 liters of water or applied dry.
- After flowering, add organic matter or nitroammophosphate. About 3 buckets of working solution (1 kg per 200 liters of water) is enough for one pear.
Autumn dressings:
- 2 liters of urea (working solution 50 g per 10 liters of water) is applied every 2 weeks in the fall (in early September, etc.). It is good to alternate such a fertilizer with potash and phosphorus.
- After picking the fruit, you need to feed the tree with minerals: potassium chloride and superphosphate granules (both drugs are diluted as follows: 50 g per 10 liters of water). Cover a halo of 1 m2.
- For digging, 200 g of ash per 1 m2 is added.
During autumn digging, pears bring ash into the near-trunk circle
pruning
The first pear pruning is carried out after planting a seedling. In this case, the central trunk is cut off at a height of 0.5 m. Thus, you form the correct crown with further growth.
Attention! Pruning of the central conductor up to 50 cm is carried out if you have purchased an annual seedling.
Formative pruning
For pears, two types of pruning are used: sparse-tiered and free-growing palmette.
- In the first case, we form 8–10 skeletal branches using tiers, on which 2–3 branches are located. Such pruning helps to give the tree a well-groomed appearance, to facilitate harvesting.
- The second pruning method is intended for the active formation of the main trunk and its lateral skeletal branches located singly. The rest of the branches grow with little or no interference.
Sparsely-tiered crown provides good illumination and ventilation of the tree
A two-year-old seedling is pruned taking into account the already formed and fairly abundant skeletal branches. By this age there are about 8 of them. Half are left, so that the branches are equidistant from each other.
Formative pruning should be done in the spring, before sap flow.
Sanitary pruning
The time for sanitary pruning is in the middle of autumn, before the cold weather. The main thing is that the tree at this point has already thrown off the foliage, which will allow you to easily see the extra and damaged branches, as well as the overgrown areas of the crown.
Do not sanitary pruning too late. It is necessary to leave time before the cold weather so that wounds from mechanical stress can heal.
It will be great if you cover the cuts with garden pitch, and for more peace of mind, also insulate the tree from below with a warm rag or agrofibre.
The fact is that the trimmed tree must be protected from other aggressive factors. This is required for the full recovery of the plant.
For pruning, reliable and high-quality secateurs are needed.
When sanitary pruning of fruit crops, you need to keep in mind the percentage of removal of old, unnecessary, interfering branches. They should not be more than 1/4 of the entire crown.
Pear trees with a fairly solid age (more than 10 years) need to be pruned annually. Often their crown is very dense, which negatively affects the quality and quantity of the crop.
Preparing for winter
Variety Noyabrskaya does not require any serious efforts to prepare for wintering. Shelter in the form of wrapping with agrofibre is necessary for young seedlings or trees cut in autumn.
Wrapping seedlings with agrofibre will protect trees from frost
Whitewash
To prevent pests and sunburn, the trunk and main branches are whitened with a solution of lime (10 liters of water per 1 kg of lime). 100 g of copper sulfate, a little PVA glue for a dense and viscous coating, as well as natural yellow clay pre-soaked in warm water are added to such a solution. Whitening must be done carefully so that not a single crevice or crack remains for the pest.
Whitewashing prevents pests and burns
Diseases and pests of the variety
Consider November disease and pests characteristic of the pear, as well as ways to deal with them.
Table: pests and diseases of pear November
Harvesting
The fruits appear in the third, sometimes in the second year after planting a mature (biennial) seedling with a developed root system. Compared to other popular autumn varieties, this fruiting period is considered very early. The annual average figure for harvesting for the Noyabrskaya variety is 70 c/ha.
Pears lie for a long time, they can be stored until the winter months. In the freezer, the fruits can lie until spring. Of course, their juiciness and taste undergo changes, but in general, the fruit remains healthy and tasty. You can make excellent jams, jams and marmalades from pears, preserve them whole, dry them, cook compotes.
Due to the high content of fructose (which is very good for health, in particular for the pancreas), the fruits of Noyabrskaya practically do not need to add sugar during processing.
From the harvested pear crop, you can cook all kinds of jams
Reviews of gardeners about the pear variety Noyabrskaya
Kirill Kitaev
http://houseinform.ru/forum/kakoy_sort_grushi_luchshe
The winter variety of pear - NOYABRSKAYA - is the only "Tramadol" recognized by the grandfather. Very, very, very solid. So juicy and sweet. Constantly wanting more. Until the New Year, it cannot lie - it is simply eaten with such greed. But when it lies down for a couple of months, it becomes soft, soft, sweetness is added.
Vladislav Kompaniets
http://www.oriflameweb.pp.ua/video.php?v=KqUWwkmgTLM
The taste this year is better than last year (first fruiting). And when she lay down, she began to turn yellow and soften. The taste got even better. I consider the variety for our zone (near Kiev) one of the best.
pripythanin-1986
http://forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9409&page=4
The Noyabrskaya pear variety is an excellent option for growing in problematic horticultural areas of the country, as well as an excellent variety for rootstock and breeding. The almost reference taste of the pear allows it to be used for sweet dishes and canning, which is indispensable for family needs. The unpretentiousness of the tree allows you to grow it even with a lack of time.
- Natalya Varnavskaya
Source: http://legkovmeste.ru/sad/grusha-noyabrskaya-description-sorta.html
Variety Pear November with photo and description
One of the most favorite fruits after apples is the pear. Due to unpretentiousness in care and climatic resistance, the pear has become widespread. This fruit tree has a wide variety of varieties, one of which is the November pear. This pear has a number of characteristics that favorably distinguish it from the rest.
Pear Noyabrskaya has several names, namely it is also called Noyabrskaya Moldova or Winter. It is a reference variety. This species was bred as a result of crossing Dekanka Zimnyaya and Ussuriyskaya pears. This fruit tree has been known since 1950.
The tree grows quite tall, has a wide pyramidal and rounded crown. Skeletal branches grow from the trunk at an angle of 900. Dense branching is characteristic. Its shoots are greenish-burgundy in color, rather thick and cranked. Fruit formations develop on two- or three-year-old wood, they look like simple annelids or shortened twigs.
What this variety looks like can be seen in this photo.
The leaves are round or oval in shape, but dense and elongated. They are of medium size. Their edge is entire or finely serrated. The color of the leaf blade is different: it is dark green above and light green below. The omission is not typical.
Planting seedlings should be carried out in spring or autumn (but only before frost). During the first year, after planting, it does not need pruning. Light rejuvenation by pruning should be done once every two to four years. To increase the size and volume of fruiting, it is necessary to fertilize with potash fertilizers and a 0.4% solution of urea.
Fruiting begins from two to three years, after planting a seedling. But massively begins to bear fruit only in the fifth year. Characterized by a regular yield. It is annual and plentiful (about 70 c/ha on average).
Fruits are formed in different sizes and their weight ranges from 70 to 360 g (the mass depends on the care and climatic features of the growing zone). Their shape is ovoid. Pears are unequal-sided and ribbed, as well as with deep grooves.
The peel has a yellowish-green color with a characteristic burgundy blush, and numerous light brown dots are visible under the skin. It is thick in texture. When harvested, it has a greenish tinge, and when ripe it becomes pale yellow. Blush forms on the sunny side.
The funnel is shallow and narrow. The upper base is blunt below and has a slight indentation. The bottom base is blunt, slightly uneven and has a cut-off appearance. The pear is divided by veins into unequal slices. The stalk is thick and curved, the length, like the width, is medium, has a dark brown color. The cup is narrow and small.
Sepals sparse and narrow, directed to the sides. The flesh is white, oily and juicy. It has a pleasant aroma and a pronounced sweet and sour taste. In terms of taste, it is similar to the fruits of the Noyabrsk beauty pear.
It is considered a late autumn or early winter variety. Pears ripen in late September, October or early November. They do not fall even during the monsoon rains. The fruits become suitable for consumption in a month, after ripening.
In a cool place they are able to lie until December-January, and in a freezer until the end of winter (there were cases when they were preserved until April). After defrosting, the taste is preserved. They make excellent jams, compotes, marmalade and dried fruits.
Due to this, this variety has a lot of positive reviews.
Pears of this variety contain the following substances: sugars (10.8%), tannins (0.5%), titratable acids (0.9%), pectin substances (0.4%).
The November pear is characterized by precociousness. An excellent combination with quince rootstocks is described.
Pollinators for the November pear are Williams summer, Hoverla, Clapp's Favorite, Conference.
Pear Noyabrskaya has increased resistance to many fungal diseases and scab. The degree of immunity to bacterial burn is also very high. It is characterized by high winter hardiness, especially the root system. Winter hardiness is constant when growing on hills.
This fruit tree can be found in almost all EU countries, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia.
"Pear November"
In this video, you can clearly see the parameters and characteristics of this tree.
Advantages and disadvantages
Like any other variety of any fruit tree, the November pear has both advantages and disadvantages.
Gardening benefits include:
- excellent taste characteristics of fruits;
- well suited for various preservations;
- good yield;
- stability in fruiting;
- the yield is quite high;
- strong attachment of fruits;
- duration of storage of pears;
- during storage, positive taste qualities are preserved, as well as juiciness, elasticity;
- transportability;
- high frost resistance;
- high fire resistance.
In addition to such an inspiring list of positive advantages, the November pear has only minor disadvantages:
- fruits can be formed both large and small;
- the appearance of the pears is inexpressive.
Thanks to its excellent characteristics, the November pear is a very popular variety. And high winter hardiness and low susceptibility to fungal diseases will give odds to many other varieties.
Source: http://plodovie.ru/derevya/grusha/noyabrskaya-1172/
Pear Noyabrskaya: description and characteristics of the variety
The pear variety Noyabrskaya was bred in the last century by scientists from the Far East. This is a hybrid that was obtained by crossing the Dekanka winter and Ussuri varieties. Its active cultivation began in the Amur region, as well as Primorye.
November is an autumn variety. This is a tall tree, which is characterized by a wide crown. It has a pyramidal or rounded shape. Skeletal branches are directed upwards. Growing, they branch well. Usually branches are located to the main trunk at an angle of 90 degrees.
The color of the shoots is green-burgundy. They have medium sized leaves. The leaf plate is rounded. Its edges are serrated. At the same time, the upper surface of the leaves is distinguished by density. Leaves are deep green above. From top to bottom, their color changes, becomes lighter. In some places, even whiteness may appear.
The description of the variety includes the following fruit characteristics:
- medium sized pears. Standard weight - 75 g. However, when growing crops in the southern regions of the country, the weight of fruits increases markedly and can be about 350 g;
- the shape of the fruit is ovoid with obvious ribbing, which is defined on the outer surface. If you carefully consider the fruits, you can see longitudinal grooves on them;
- when ripe, pears acquire a uniform green color. During storage, their skin becomes yellowish, and a blush may appear on the side;
- the pulp is white. It is characterized by moderate oiliness.
November pear gives tasty fruits. Their taste is sweet and sour. It also has a pronounced aroma. Fruits have a universal purpose. Pears can be eaten fresh or processed to make jams, jams or juice.
The nutritional value of one pear is no more than 50 kcal. The fruits of this variety of this fruit crop contain the following components:
- pectin - 0.5 g;
- fruit sugar - 11 g;
- titratable acids - 1 g;
- tannins - 0.5 g.
The variety has a consistently high yield. A young tree begins to bear fruit 2–3 years after planting at a permanent place of growth. The peak of productivity falls on the 5-6th year of the tree's life.
From one hectare of area, you can collect up to 91 centners of fruit. Once a record was registered - as many as 212 centners of crops were harvested from one hectare of land! In the first two years of fruiting, the volume of the harvested crop is small and amounts to 40 kg.
In the future, there is a gradual increase to 60 kg.
The positive characteristics of the variety include the fact that ripe pears do not fall off the branches, but cling to them tightly. Even a strong wind cannot knock them down.
Since Noyabrskaya is a self-fertile variety, it needs pollinating varieties for abundant fruiting. The best pollinators for this pear are Clapp's Favorite and Williams.
Harvesting, as you might guess from the name of the variety, is carried out in November. However, it is not recommended to eat plucked pears right away, as they have not yet reached their technical maturity. They need a little time to ripen. They usually mature within 30 days. The fact that the fruits are ripe is evidenced by the change in the color of their skin.
Fruits of this variety are distinguished by excellent keeping quality. When the right conditions are created, they can be stored until December or January.
Advantages and disadvantages
Variety November winter, from whichever side you look, has some advantages. Its main advantages in relation to other varieties of this fruit crop are the following points:
- abundant fruiting. Thanks to this, the tree gives a rich harvest every year;
- the plant has a high resistance to burns, which helps the tree quickly endure the time of spring recovery;
- excellent immunity to a variety of fungal diseases (especially scab);
- precociousness. The first harvest can be taken from trees whose age is only 2-3 years;
- high cold resistance. Therefore, the variety is able to grow even in harsh climates;
- simple care. Due to the good immunity of planting, there is no need to spray chemical solutions often;
- excellent keeping quality of fruits. But for this you need to comply with certain storage conditions.
This variety has only one drawback - not a very presentable appearance of the fruit.
Pear Noyabrskaya is a variety that is advantageous in all respects. That is why it is so common in our country.
"Planting a pear seedling"
From this video you will learn how to properly plant a pear seedling.
Source: http://gryadki.com/grusha/noyabrskaya-20117/
Characteristics of pear Noyabrskaya: variety description
Pear Noyabrskaya stands out among other varieties as a reliable, unpretentious care, fast-growing and stable fruit tree species.
Gardeners in different regions of Russia and the CIS countries willingly grow seedlings in their backyards and speak flatteringly about this pear tree.
Is it as good a variety as they say about it? What other virtues are characteristic of him? How does the description of "Noyabrskaya" and its fruits differ from other winter-hardy crops?
The fruits of the pear variety Noyabrskaya are very large
Wood characteristics
The history of the variety began in the middle of the last century, when it was bred by breeders in the Far East. The hybrid was obtained by crossing the Ussuriysky pear and the Dekanka Zimnyaya variety. In 1974, the fruit tree began to be actively cultivated in the harsh climate of Primorye and the Amur Region.
This fact alone testifies to the uniqueness of the hybrid, its high frost resistance.
Initially, the tree was planted on hills, but long-term tests have shown that it develops well in the coastal strip, so over the years, the terrain for planting a seedling has faded into the background.
The tree begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year.
Pear Noyabrskaya, as the name implies, is an autumn variety.
The description characterizes it as tall, with a wide crown. The shape of the crown can be round or pyramidal. The branches that form the skeleton are directed upwards, as they grow, they branch densely. In relation to the trunk, they are located at an angle of 90 degrees.
The plant produces dense shoots, their color is green-burgundy. The leaves of this variety of fruit plants are medium in size, the shape is rounded, along the edges, if notches are noticeable, then they are small. The upper surface of the sheets is dense, saturated green.
In the lower part of the plate, the shade changes - it becomes lighter, whiteness appears in places.
Flowering variety Noyabrskaya
Fruit characteristics
The fruits of the Noyabrskaya variety are smaller than the average size; when grown in the Far East, the average weight of pears does not exceed 75 grams. In the southern regions, the weight of the fetus can be 300-350 grams. The selection description classifies ripe fruits as ovoid, with a noticeable ribbing on the outer surface. On closer examination of the crop, longitudinal furrows can be seen on the pears.
The fruits are unequal, the shape spoils their presentation, so the variety is rarely grown on an industrial scale - more in private gardening.
The fruits of the variety Noyabrskaya have an irregular shape
During the onset of removable maturity, the November pear is of a uniform green color. During storage, it acquires a slight yellow tint, a blush appears on the side. The flesh of this variety of pears is white, moderately oily. The taste of the fruits is sweet and sour, they have a pronounced pear aroma. Pears are consumed fresh, processed into juice, jams, preserves.
nutritional value
100 grams of fruits of the Noyabrskaya variety contain less than 50 kcal. Of particular value to the human body are pectin, acids and fruit sugar, which in the same amount of pears:
- 11 grams of sugar.
- 1 gram of titratable acids.
- 0.5 grams of pectin.
- 0.5 grams of tannins.
yield
The variety is early-growing, the first crop gives 2-3 years after planting seedlings. In the first 2-3 years, you should not count on the peak yield - the plant will reach it by 5-6 years. The pear bears fruit steadily every year.
Gardeners collect 55-91 centners of fruits from a hectare of land. Breeders recorded a record yield of the variety, which amounted to 212 centners per hectare.
In 1-2, 40 kg of fruits are harvested from each tree, in the next - the number increases to 60 kg.
Noyabrskaya tree is 5 years old
The fruits ripen by the end of November, but it is not recommended to eat and process them immediately after harvest, because the pears must ripen.
The variety ripens within 30 days - during this time the pulp is poured with juice, the color of the skin changes. Pears have good keeping quality, they are normally stored until the end of December-beginning of January.
The advantages of "Noyabrskaya" are that ripe pears hold tightly on the branches and do not fall off even in strong winds. This variety is self-fertile, so it needs pollinating trees to produce a stable crop.
As pollinators, fruit plants of the "Williams" or "Favorite Clapp" variety can be used.
Advantages and disadvantages
Variety "Noyabrskaya" consists of practical advantages. Its main advantages over other autumn types of fruit trees are as follows:
- Abundant fruiting, allowing gardeners to harvest every year. Resistance to burns, thanks to which the variety tolerates the spring recovery period more easily.
- Precocity. It was mentioned above that the tree enters the reproductive phase 2-3 years after planting.
- The winter hardiness of the variety allows it to be grown in regions with difficult climatic conditions.
- Strong immunity to scab and other fungal diseases. The description of the selection confirms the fact that the fruit crop is practically not affected; it is not necessary to treat it with chemical solutions to protect against pests.
- Preservation of fruits - they do not crumble during natural disasters and when overripe.
- Good shelf life. Subject to storage conditions, the crop can last until the end of winter.
- There is only one drawback - the unpresentable appearance of the fruit.
Fruit ripening takes about a month
Features of care
The variety "Noyabrskaya" does not require special care - the rules for planting, watering and pruning do not differ from other types of autumn pears. But there are some peculiarities.
Throughout the season, the near-stem zone of the soil should be clean and loosened, so weeds will have to be removed regularly.
Pear weevil can damage November pear
Once every three years, it is recommended to fertilize the tree with mullein or slurry - it is undesirable to use other organic matter for feeding. In extremely cold winters, it is better to insulate the near-stem area with horse manure to protect the root system of the tree from freezing.
